Ranga Dias

Let’s be clear: hoverboards, magnetic levitation trains and resistance-­free power lines are not coming this year or next. But thanks to Ranga Dias, they’re closer than they ever were. Those technologies (and many more) rely on developing new ­superconductors: ­materials through which energy can move with no resistance. The catch is that supercold temperatures have long been necessary for super­conductors to work, making them impractical. So Dias, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Rochester, came up with a solution that could pave the way for future innovations: a room-­temperature super­conductor that’s super­dense instead of super­cold. Dias developed a material made of hydrogen, sulfur and carbon, squeezed at a pressure equivalent to 2.5 ­million atmospheres. The extreme compression eliminates electrical resistance, allowing energy to traverse with ease. Dias is aware of the breakthrough nature of his work. “People have been trying to develop super­conductors for a century,” he says. They missed their chance in the 20th. In the 21st, thanks to Dias, they just might succeed. —Jeffrey Kluger