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---
title: A Amazônia está na balança nas eleições no Brasil
description: A floresta tropical não aguenta mais quatro anos de Jair Bolsonaro, escreve a líder indígena e deputada federal eleita Sônia Guajajara.
canonical: https://time.com/6221430/amazonia-brasil-eleicoes-sonia-guajajara/
author: Sônia Guajajara
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article:published_time: 2022-10-12T17:00:32.000Z
article:modified_time: 2026-05-11T04:53:50.638Z
article:section: Ideas
og:title: O destino da Amazônia depende das eleições no Brasil
og:description: A floresta não aguenta mais quatro anos de Jair Bolsonaro, escreve a líder indígena Sônia Guajajara.
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twitter:title: O destino da Amazônia depende das eleições no Brasil
twitter:description: A floresta não aguenta mais quatro anos de Jair Bolsonaro, escreve a líder indígena Sônia Guajajara.
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![](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9073325a93c49f50/698a365cd075339ca7e6d50e/Amazon-deforestation-2022.jpg?branch=production&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9)


# O destino da Amazônia depende das eleições no Brasil

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by 

[Sônia Guajajara](https://time.com/author/sonia-guajajara/)


## Sônia Guajajara


Oct 12, 2022 5:00 PM UTC

![BRAZIL-ENVIRONMENT-DEFORESTATION](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9073325a93c49f50/698a365cd075339ca7e6d50e/Amazon-deforestation-2022.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3:2)

Aerial view of a deforested area of the Amazon rainforest near the city of Humaita, Amazonas state, Brazil, on Sept. 15, 2022.

Aerial view of a deforested area of the Amazon rainforest near the city of Humaita, Amazonas state, Brazil, on Sept. 15, 2022. Michael Danitas —AFP/Getty Images

by 

[Sônia Guajajara](https://time.com/author/sonia-guajajara/)


## Sônia Guajajara


Oct 12, 2022 5:00 PM UTC

​No dia 2 de outubro, durante o primeiro turno das eleições, parte da população brasileira que defende a Amazônia assistiu, assustada, [a quantidade de votos que os candidatos da extrema direita receberam](https://time.com/6219446/brazil-bolsonaro-election-chances/), o que inclui os votos no presidente [Jair Bolsonaro](https://time.com/6214054/bolsonaro-women-brazil-election/). A expectativa era de que dois fatores pudessem ter desestimulado seus potenciais eleitores: o negacionismo na condução da pandemia, que resultou em um número de mortos incomumente alto no Brasil, quase 700 mil, e os números recordes de [desmatamento da Amazônia](https://time.com/amazon-rainforest-disappearing/) durante sua presidência. A perda de árvores desestabilizou o clima do Brasil e resultou em ondas de calor nas principais cidades do país, incluindo [uma nuvem negra ](https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/08/20/sudden-darkness-befalls-sao-paulo-western-hemispheres-largest-city-baffling-thousands/)que cobriu a cidade de São Paulo em setembro de 2020.

​Nada disso, porém, foi suficiente para eleger seu opositor, o ex-presidente [Luiz Inácio Lula da Silv](https://time.com/6173104/lula-da-silva-transcricao/)a, no primeiro turno. Com isso, a Amazônia está, novamente, na berlinda quando os brasileiros votarem novamente no dia 30 de outubro. Só nos três primeiros anos do governo Bolsonaro foram desmatados [33.200 quilômetros quadrados](http://terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br/app/dashboard/deforestation/biomes/amazon/increments) da Amazônia brasileira. São os maiores índices de desmatamento dos últimos 13 anos. Dos nove países que comportam a floresta amazônica, o Brasil é o que apresenta o pior nível de desmatamento e degradação do bioma:[ 34%](https://apublica.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/amazonia-contra-o-relogio-um-diagnostico-regional-sobre-onde-e-como-proteger-80-ate-2025.pdf). O índice da Bolívia, segunda colocada no ranking, é dez pontos menor, de 24%.

Antes dessas eleições, ao longo dos 522 anos do Estado brasileiro apenas dois indígenas haviam sido eleitos para o Congresso, o primeiro—Mário Juruna—no ano de 1982, e a segunda— Joênia Wapichana—no ano de 2018\. Mas nestas últimas eleições, mais dois de nós triunfamos: eu e Célia Xakriabá. É a primeira vez na história do Parlamento brasileiro que haverá mais de um representante indígena ao mesmo tempo. 


![Sonia Guajajara TIME100 Gala](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt7d5d87c05c0d2258/698a365c16d884efbcc3b1fa/Sonia-Guajajara-TIME100.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Sonia Guajajara attends the 2022 TIME100 Gala on June 08, 2022 in New York City. Taylor Hill—Wireimage/Getty Images

Apesar dessa boa notícia, a realidade da política atual brasileira é devastadora para a Amazônia, pois, além da subrepresentatividade indígena no poder legislativo brasileiro, o novo parlamento eleito conta com uma maioria apoiadora de Bolsonaro, os quais defendem a abertura das terras indígenas para exploração de minério, a monocultura dependente de agrotóxicos, a diminuição da quantidade de unidades de conservação, a flexibilização da legislação ambiental, dentre tantas outras medidas que visam introduzir, sem controle, na Amazônia [um modelo predatório de exploração ](https://time.com/5895167/brazil-fires-ricardo-salles-environment/)econômica.

Os próximos quatro anos são cruciais para a floresta tropical. Partes da Amazônia podem já ter passado por um ponto crucial, após o qual a paisagem verdejante começa a se degradar em savana, e a floresta [emite mais carbono do que absorve.](https://time.com/6082313/amazon-carbon-tipping-point/) Se Lula vencer, ele se comprometeu a liderar[ um “combate implacável](https://www.programajuntospelobrasil.com.br/diretrizes/)” contra o desmatamento ilegal, restaurando a aplicação do nosso código florestal, replantando áreas desmatadas e trazendo a taxa de desmatamento para “zero líquido”. Seu caminho será complicado pelo grande número de legisladores antiambientalistas. Mas [análises recentes ](https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-bolsonaro-election-loss-could-cut-brazilian-amazon-deforestation-by-89/)de pesquisadores do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais do Brasil, da Universidade de Oxford e do Instituto Internacional de Análise de Sistemas Aplicados, sugerem que uma vitória de Lula poderia reduzir o desmatamento na Amazônia brasileira em 89% até 2030.


Este ano, parece que o Brasil está voltando no tempo: reencontrando [a fome](https://www.oxfam.org.br/noticias/fome-avanca-no-brasil-em-2022-e-atinge-331-milhoes-de-pessoas/), aumentando[ o índice de assassinatos](https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2022/09/brasil-e-pais-mais-letal-da-decada-para-defensores-da-terra-e-do-ambiente-diz-ong.shtml) de defensores de direitos humanos e do meio ambiente, e reintroduzindo [modelos ultrapassados de exploração econômica](https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2022/06/22/desmonte-da-politica-ambiental-e-entrave-para-economia-dizem-especialistas) que desconsideram a emergência climática na qual nos encontramos. 

Recentemente, o professor, jurista e filósofo Silvio Almeida [disse que](https://lula.com.br/silvio-almeida-voto-em-lula-carrega-sonho-de-um-brasil-que-ainda-nao-existiu/) o voto no Lula “carrega a esperança” de um país ideal que talvez nunca tenha existido e que, por isso, não é o caso de reconstruirmos o país, mas sim começarmos do zero a construção de um país mais justo, solidário, livre de racismos e que compreenda a importância de abrigar a maior floresta tropical do planeta.

​O segundo turno das eleições brasileiras será crucial para esse novo país. Por um lado, se Lula for eleito temos uma chance, ainda que difícil, de mantermos a Amazônia em pé. Por outro lado, se Bolsonaro for reeleito, a floresta estará fadada ao seu fim e, com ela, toda a humanidade.

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