--- title: Benjamin Franklin Regretted Not Inoculating Son From Smallpox description: As a 30-year-old father, Benjamin Franklin lost the youngest of his two sons, Francis Folger Franklin to smallpox on Nov. 21, 1736 canonical: https://time.com/6112455/benjamin-franklin-children-vaccines-history/ author: Olivia B. Waxman article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2021-11-02T14:16:32.000Z article:modified_time: 2024-01-24T11:08:44.000Z article:section: History og:title: 'I Long Regretted Bitterly, and Still Regret That I Had Not Given It To Him' og:description: Benjamin Franklin's writing about losing his son to smallpox is a must-read for parents weighing COVID-19 vaccines today og:url: https://time.com/6112455/benjamin-franklin-children-vaccines-history/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2edb90d6bde5d1a0/698a1e56db29874a4626708c/ben-franklin.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 828 og:image:height: 466 og:image:alt: Benjamin Franklin By Duplessis og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: 'I Long Regretted Bitterly, and Still Regret That I Had Not Given It To Him' twitter:description: Benjamin Franklin's writing about losing his son to smallpox is a must-read for parents weighing COVID-19 vaccines today twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2edb90d6bde5d1a0/698a1e56db29874a4626708c/ben-franklin.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # Benjamin Franklin's Writing About Losing His Son to Smallpox Is a Must-Read for Parents Weighing COVID-19 Vaccines Today > Sponsored content. 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They are at time.com/newsletters and are separate from a paid subscription. ### Sources * TIME Newsletters: [time.com/newsletters](/c/time-sub-2026q3/newsletters?i=a1a9d40f-2e02-4220-836e-55411fed6a93&cr=time-sub-2026q3-v1) * TIME Subscriptions: [time.com/subscribe-agent](/c/time-sub-2026q3/subscribe?i=a1a9d40f-2e02-4220-836e-55411fed6a93&cr=time-sub-2026q3-v1) ## Video: Making the COVID-19 Vaccine: A 50,000 step process [Watch (HLS stream): Making the COVID-19 Vaccine: A 50,000 step process](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/XGIqdw9j.m3u8) (7:28)  _Published 2021-04-18. Inside BioNTech's quest to vaccinate the world_  by [Olivia B. Waxman](https://time.com/author/olivia-b-waxman/)  ## Olivia B. Waxman Staff Writer Updated: Jan 24, 2024 11:08 AM UTCPublished: Nov 2, 2021 2:16 PM UTC  by [Olivia B. Waxman](https://time.com/author/olivia-b-waxman/)  ## Olivia B. Waxman Staff Writer Updated: Jan 24, 2024 11:08 AM UTCPublished: Nov 2, 2021 2:16 PM UTC Parents of elementary school children received great news last week; the U.S. Food and Drug Administration [authorized the emergency use of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for children 5-11 years old.](https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-authorizes-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use-children-5-through-11-years-age) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention signed off in turn on Nov. 2, and now kids may be able to start getting vaccinated as soon as this week with a dose [one-third of the strength given to those 12 and older.](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/26/us/fda-pfizer-covid-vaccine-kids.html) And yet, [some parents are still worried](https://time.com/6110444/covid-19-vaccine-kids-parents-hesitant/) about how their children will react to these [safe and effective vaccines.](https://time.com/5945177/covid-19-vaccine-effectiveness/) Reasons for their hesitancy are broad, but hesitancy about medical interventions to resist infectious disease is nothing new in the United States—and can be traced back as far as the nation’s earliest days. In the late 18th century, one of America’s Founding Fathers penned a timely message for parents about the importance of protecting children from infectious disease. It came from painful first-hand experience; as a 30-year-old father, Benjamin Franklin lost the youngest of his two sons, Francis Folger Franklin, to smallpox on Nov. 21, 1736, in Philadelphia. Francis was four years old. As Franklin [wrote](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Autobiography%5Fof%5FBenjamin%5FFranklin/W18WAAAAYAAJ?q=%22This+I+mention+for+the+sake+of+parents%22&gbpv=1#f=false) about this personal tragedy in his posthumously-published autobiography: --- > “” --- Smallpox epidemics occurred periodically in colonial America, says Howard Markel, pediatrician and Director, Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan. Vaccinations weren’t available yet, so physicians offered inoculations, a dangerous procedure in which doctors filled a deep incision in the arm with the pus of a smallpox patient. “Inoculation was a really risky thing,” says Markel, explaining that patients agreeing to the treatment “definitely got very sick after it. Those who survived would be immune, \[but\] some 15%-20% got active smallpox and died.” There was some resistance to inoculations based on the procedure’s safety, but resistance was also ginned up by influencers. In fact, in 1721, Franklin’s own brother started a newspaper, the New England _Courant_, that was very critical of a well-known preacher in favor of inoculation, Cotton Mather. “James Franklin knew next to nothing of the etiology of smallpox, but he knew he despised Mather for what James judged the eminent minister’s smugness and his inordinate influence over the life of Boston,” H.W. Brands [writes](https://www.google.com/books/edition/The%5FFirst%5FAmerican/B2bPCEbMAvwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=smallpox) in _The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin_. “If Mather advocated inoculation, the _Courant_ must oppose it—and did.” Brands sees a parallel between the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy today. “Even in modern times, people don’t rely on science in all cases. They have other agendas, and then they try to suit their explanations to those other agendas, in some cases more than to the science.” **Read more:** [_The U.S. Has Had ‘Vaccine Passports’ Before—And They Worked_](https://time.com/5952532/vaccine-passport-history/) Writing just over a month after his son’s passing, Franklin called inoculation “a safe and beneficial Practice,” and said that the only reason he hadn’t inoculated Franky was because the boy had been under the weather. “I intended to have my Child inoculated, as soon as he should have recovered sufficient Strength from a Flux with which he had been long afflicted,” according to a [statement](https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-02-02-0025) printed in the Dec. 30, 1736, issue of the Pennsylvania _Gazette._ “He thought he probably shouldn’t give it to the kid unless the kid is really in good health,” Brandstells TIME. “Secondly—and this is the part that made Franklin feel guilty in all his later years—he was just too busy to do it. Franklin blamed himself for not vaccinating Francis… and it’s something he never got over.” Over the next decades, Franklin [published information about inoculation](https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/01/health/01smallpox.html) in the _Gazette_ and established the Society for Inoculating the Poor Gratis in 1774 in Philadelphia to make inoculation more affordable. Franklin wouldn’t live to see the first successful vaccine deployed. In 1796, physician Edward Jenner discovered vaccines, developing the first smallpox vaccine, six years after Franklin’s death. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared [smallpox eradicated](https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/index.html#:~:text=Smallpox%20Virus&text=Thanks%20to%20the%20success%20of,occurring%20smallpox%20have%20happened%20since.) worldwide. But while Franklin lived at a very different moment in history, his message to protect loved ones from infectious disease stands the test of time, especially at a time when there are [news reports](https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/07/26/covid-vaccine-regrets/) of parents who didn’t get vaccinated [losing their children](https://www.newsweek.com/texas-mom-regrets-going-unvaccinated-after-4-year-old-daughter-dies-covid-1628154) to COVID-19\. And parents today should have a much easier decision than Franklin did. “Franklin’s talking about a really dangerous procedure called inoculation,” Markel says. “\[Today\] we’re offering 95% effective and wholly safe vaccines because we’ve done hundreds of millions of field trials already in people’s arms.” And as for where Franklin would stand on today’s crop of proven vaccines, given the data saying they [protect people from serious illness,](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/effectiveness/why-measure-effectiveness/breakthrough-cases.html) Brands says, “This is what the evidence demonstrates, and Franklin was an evidence based guy.” ## Transcript Kind: captions Language: en oh yes yes i'm vaccinated yes Very cool yes yeah yes, I did it was very cool to to know okay I'm gonna be vaccinated with a vaccine that I know really from day one I mean who can tell that they're part of the solution for such a pandemic situation I guess only a few people can say that and I'm really happy to be part of that If you've been vaccinated for COVID-19, chances are that you are benefiting from the science happening here at the German biotech company BioNtech. In December 2020 BioNtech in partnership with Pfizer were the first to earn authorization to distribute their vaccine to the public In March 2021 TIME spent a week watching how BioNtech makes a batch of 8 million doses of the COVID-19 vaccine at their new manufacturing plant in Marburg they expect to produce 1 billion doses a year the pace of production has been breakneck from the start So in 2020 I think we worked at every holiday, I can remember Easter Saturday I was standing here pipetting samples to have the results as soon as possible and now 24-hour shifts in this lab are producing vaccines that will be shipped around the world There are approximately 50, 000 steps at the lab it begins with bags of pure mRNA the molecule that tells cells how to make the proteins that launch the immune response and a buffer solution that starts the coding process it emerges in bulk at the other end of the process as a liquid destined for vials most of the machines are named after the engineers that developed the process this one is named after Margaret the first patient in the clinical trials to receive the vaccine but the beating heart of the lab is this machine a container that uses pressurized ethanol to encase the mRNA and special lipid nanoparticles those nanoparticles keep the mRNA protected until it can jumpstart the immune response in the body's cells Speed is essential but inside the lab everyone moves slowly and methodically each of the 50,000 steps is logged by one technician confirmed by a second and only then does it actually happen it's very important that the quality of the product and all the raw materials is perfect here and so no impurities should be present in all raw materials and nothing which we don't want to have in our products one wrong move has the potential to damage the final product if there's any accidental exposure let's say from an ill-timed sneeze the entire batch must be thrown out, all eight million doses that's why everyone wears layers of protection and they even disinfect their gloved hands repeatedly in the lab where we were filming no one had ever told the technicians how many doses were in a batch after that they sprayed another application of disinfectant onto their gloves just to be sure based on our technology and on the antigen we were using no I wasn't I'm very confident in the technology we have until now vaccine development has been a slow process the BioNtech vaccine uses a new technology based on mRNA it is revolutionizing the way vaccines can be produced When the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, BioNtech was primarily a cancer vaccine company but by using this new mRNA technology it was able to quickly pivot to a coronavirus vaccine when you look back at any project you've ever done you've always looked back at the start and go wow okay if I'd known that now i could have cut you know a few hurdles out of my way earlier right but you're in a situation where you're doing something especially for us as a smaller company that was unprecedented the second part of the process happens at another factory where vials are filled and packed into boxes for shipment as the cycle comes to an end there's little time to celebrate after all another batch is waiting to be made ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/6112455/benjamin-franklin-children-vaccines-history/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/6112455/benjamin-franklin-children-vaccines-history/"},"headline":"Benjamin Franklin's Writing About Losing His Son to Smallpox Is a Must-Read for Parents Weighing COVID-19 Vaccines Today","datePublished":"2021-11-02T14:16:32.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-24T11:08:44.000Z","description":"As a 30-year-old father, Benjamin Franklin lost the youngest of his two sons, Francis Folger Franklin to smallpox on Nov. 21, 1736","url":"https://time.com/6112455/benjamin-franklin-children-vaccines-history/","keywords":["COVID-19","health","nationpod"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2edb90d6bde5d1a0/698a1e56db29874a4626708c/ben-franklin.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Olivia B. 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