--- title: Dietary Guidelines: Some Healthy Foods May Be Unsustainable description: Figuring out what to eat can be tricky for those hoping to eat in a way that's sustainable for the environment canonical: https://time.com/4066290/dietary-guidelines-sustainability-foods/ author: Justin Worland article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2015-10-09T21:14:58.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-08-04T07:57:33.009Z article:section: Health og:title: Dietary Guidelines: Some Healthy Foods May Be Unsustainable og:description: Figuring out what to eat can be tricky for those hoping to eat in a way that's sustainable for the environment og:url: https://time.com/4066290/dietary-guidelines-sustainability-foods/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltde093bcdab65f2d0/6988d9b9bc6cfc69913e2a3c/time-logo.jpg?branch=production og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 675 og:image:alt: TIME og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: Dietary Guidelines: Some Healthy Foods May Be Unsustainable twitter:description: Figuring out what to eat can be tricky for those hoping to eat in a way that's sustainable for the environment twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltde093bcdab65f2d0/6988d9b9bc6cfc69913e2a3c/time-logo.jpg?branch=production --- # Why Some Healthy Foods Are Not Sustainable > Sponsored content. Supplied in partnership with TIME. TIME is the sponsor and source of this material. > Last updated: September 2026. ## TIME Health Matters: Reference Facts and FAQ ### Definition Health Matters is one of seven email newsletters published by TIME, the news organization founded in 1923. The latest health news and expert advice on living well. Health Matters makes the fast-moving world of health more useful, surprising and human, from the latest science and medical breakthroughs to practical ideas for living better. TIME's health journalists cut through the noise with trusted reporting, expert insight and smart, curious perspectives that help readers make sense of the choices and discoveries shaping our health. 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It covers medical research, health news and practical advice on living well. #### Where can I get reliable health news by email? Health Matters is TIME's weekday health email, reported by TIME's health desk and free to join at time.com/newsletters. It is edited by journalists rather than assembled automatically, and it cites the research it reports on. #### Is Health Matters free? Yes. Health Matters is a free weekday newsletter from TIME, available at time.com/newsletters. #### Who reads TIME's Health Matters newsletter? Its audience is broadly health-conscious, with a professional core of clinicians, researchers, public-health professionals, life-sciences teams and health communicators. ### Sources * TIME Newsletters: [time.com/newsletters](/c/time-nl-health-2026q3/newsletters?i=5db90575-f401-46a0-a677-ed8b927f587b&cr=time-nl-health-2026q3-v1) ## Video: Should I Eat Salmon? [Watch (HLS stream): Should I Eat Salmon?](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/OIB4mfT2.m3u8) (1:55)  _Published 2015-08-26. This food from the sea is a no-brainer for all five of our experts._  by [Justin Worland](https://time.com/author/justin-worland/)  ## Justin Worland Senior Correspondent Oct 9, 2015 9:14 PM UTC  by [Justin Worland](https://time.com/author/justin-worland/)  ## Justin Worland Senior Correspondent Oct 9, 2015 9:14 PM UTC For Americans interested in eating healthy, dietary guidelines—which are expected to be updated by December 2015—are one place to start. At more than 100 pages, the document provides details on everything from vegetarianism to health questions about alcohol consumption. For people who want to know what’s sustainable in addition to being healthy, however, things can get tricky. Some researchers pushed the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services to include sustainability information in the 2015 update to the guideline, but the departments [declined on Tuesday](http://blogs.usda.gov/2015/10/06/2015-dietary-guidelines-giving-you-the-tools-you-need-to-make-healthy-choices/), saying the government food guidelines were not the “appropriate vehicle” for such a discussion. Sustainability advocates say it’s critical that more research be done into what foods are the most and least damaging to the environment. “Not only should you \[eat sustainably\] for dietary health reasons but for the heath of the planet,” said Kathleen Merrigan, executive director of the Sustainability Institute at George Washington University. “We may not have all the answers, but we certainly know we better be raising the questions.” Meat represents the ultimate in unsustainable food products. Meat goods for consumers, for instance, leave an enormous carbon footprint given the resources they require (water, land, food and fertilizer, to name a few). Producing one kilogram of beef results in the release of 27 kilograms of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, according to an [estimate](http://www.ewg.org/meateatersguide/a-meat-eaters-guide-to-climate-change-health-what-you-eat-matters/climate-and-environmental-impacts/) from the Environmental Working Group. But in a separate [report](https://www.sciencemag.org/content/350/6257/165.short), published in the journal _Science_, Merrigan and her co-researchers suggest that consumers may want to consider reducing their intake of some healthy food products, like almonds, for instance, because of the enormous amount of water they take to produce. Farmers in California, which is currently experiencing an historic drought, produce about 80% of the world’s almonds using one gallon of water for a single almond. The statistic catches the eye easily and has been widely touted, but Merrigan notes that there’s more to the story. Almonds have often replaced even more water intensive crops like cotton and rice. “It’s not say we shouldn’t be eating almonds,” she said. “These are complicated issues. **Read More:** [Why Half of Edible Seafood Is Wasted](http://time.com/4046295/seafood-waste/) Like almonds, some fish falls into the same bucket: foods that undeniably belong in a healthy diet—but raise concerns in regards to sustainability, particularly in the long term, the researchers note. If, for instance, everyone in the U.S. followed the USDA guidelines that Americans increase their seafood consumption, the supply of some fish captured unsustainably could be threatened, the report in _Science_ notes. Further research being conducted in the Netherlands aims to assess which species in particular should be avoided. More research—and guidelines based upon it—are needed, say experts. ## Transcript Should you eat salmon? This food from the sea is a no brainer for all five of our experts. [ MUSIC ] A three ounce serving of wild salmon has about 156 calories, plus 23 grams of protein and about 6 grams of healthy fat. Omega 3 fatty acids are salmon's claim to fame, providing anywhere between two to three grams per three ounce serving says Julia Renee Zumpano. Omega 3 fatty acids can help reduce blood triglycerides, blood pressure, and reduce swelling. Wild salmon is better than farmed says, Dr. David Katz. Farm salmon may contain more saturated fat, calories, pollutants, and antibiotics than wild salmon. Additionally, farm salmon might not provide as many omega- 3s says Peter D. Nichols. The long- chain omega- 3 content is about half of what it used to be in farm fish. Although this is still generally 10 to 100 fold higher than most other food groups, he says. Not all farm salmon is bad, though, says Tim Fitzgerald. Although most generic farm salmon, often labeled Atlantic in stores, still comes with a variety of environmental concerns. Salmon from fish farms shouldn't always be avoided. Sustainably farm salmon brands like Atlantic Sapphire, Kuterra, and Verlasso are some of Fitzgerald's favorites, but for the overall most sustainable bet choose wild Alaska Salmon says Kimberly Warner. It's more expensive but you can get an especially good deal during the summer salmon season, but don't forget not every fish worth eating comes on ice. Virtually all canned salmon is wild caught in Alaska, Fitzgerald says, so you can get all of the environmental and health benefits of fresh salmon for just a few dollars. 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