--- title: 96% of Deceased NFL Players Found to Have Degenerative Brain Disease description: The brain bank's study furthers the controversial idea that football is linked to brain injury. canonical: https://time.com/3450674/nfl-brain-disease/ author: Jack Linshi article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2014-09-30T23:16:51.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-02-21T10:30:25.372Z article:section: Health og:title: 96% of Deceased NFL Players Found to Have Degenerative Brain Disease og:description: Furthers the controversial idea that football is linked to brain injury og:url: https://time.com/3450674/nfl-brain-disease/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc4203b953a3fe271/69868813f983e70ca504d0a9/ap7720599559181.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 675 og:image:alt: The seal affixed to the front of the Department of Veterans Affairs building in Washington on June 21, 2013. og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: 96% of Deceased NFL Players Found to Have Degenerative Brain Disease twitter:description: Furthers the controversial idea that football is linked to brain injury twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc4203b953a3fe271/69868813f983e70ca504d0a9/ap7720599559181.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # Study: 96% of Deceased NFL Players' Brains Had Degenerative Disease  by [Jack Linshi](https://time.com/author/jack-linshi/)  ## Jack Linshi Sep 30, 2014 11:16 PM UTC  The seal affixed to the front of the Department of Veterans Affairs building in Washington on June 21, 2013. The seal affixed to the front of the Department of Veterans Affairs building in Washington on June 21, 2013.Charles Dharapak—AP  by [Jack Linshi](https://time.com/author/jack-linshi/)  ## Jack Linshi Sep 30, 2014 11:16 PM UTC The brains of 76 out of 79 (96%) of deceased NFL players showed signs of a degenerative brain disease, according to a study released Tuesday by the nation’s largest brain bank. The Department of Veterans Affairs’ brain repository in Massachusetts, a collaboration between VA and Boston University’s CTE Center, found that the instance of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a brain condition that causes dementia and other cognitive problems, was so high that it doubled the number of CTE cases previously reported by the institution, [PBS](http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sports/concussion-watch/76-of-79-deceased-nfl-players-found-to-have-brain-disease/) reported. “Obviously this high percentage of living individuals is not suffering from CTE,” Dr. Ann McKee, the brain bank’s director, told PBS. “Playing football, and the higher the level you play football and the longer you play football, the higher your risk.” Doctors at the brain repository have previously conducted research on brain tissue samples from professional, semi-professional, college and high-school football players. The rate of CTE, while lower than 96%, still remained high, at 80%. The studies were made possible by football players who volunteered their brains for scientific research, because CTE can only be diagnosed posthumously, according to PBS. As a result, doctors who conducted the study said their sample may be skewed, as many volunteers donated their brains because when they were alive, they already suspected that they suffered from CTE. Still, the findings have added fuel to heated discussions that football—both at professional and lower levels—may be linked to degenerative brain diseases like Alzheimer’s, as [a recent study showed.](http://time.com/3342795/nfl-concussions-alzheimers-dementia/) The NFL has also come under fire for allegedly covering up the risks of [head injuries and concussions,](http://time.com/2963581/nfl-retired-player-settlement/) which are linked to individuals who suffer from CTE. 96% of Deceased NFL Players Found to Have Degenerative Brain Disease ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/3450674/nfl-brain-disease/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/3450674/nfl-brain-disease/"},"headline":"Study: 96% of Deceased NFL Players' Brains Had Degenerative Disease","datePublished":"2014-09-30T23:16:51.000Z","dateModified":"2026-02-21T10:30:25.372Z","description":"The brain bank's research furthers the argument that football is linked brain injury","url":"https://time.com/3450674/nfl-brain-disease/","keywords":["Developmental Disorders","Football"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc4203b953a3fe271/69868813f983e70ca504d0a9/ap7720599559181.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Jack Linshi","jobTitle":null,"url":"https://time.com/author/jack-linshi/"}],"articleSection":"Health","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc4203b953a3fe271/69868813f983e70ca504d0a9/ap7720599559181.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"The seal affixed to the front of the Department of Veterans Affairs building in Washington on June 21, 2013.","caption":"The seal affixed to the front of the Department of Veterans Affairs building in Washington on June 21, 2013.","creditText":"Charles Dharapak—AP","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/health/","name":"Health"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/developmental-disorders/","name":"Developmental Disorders"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/3450674/nfl-brain-disease/","name":"Study: 96% of Deceased NFL Players' Brains Had Degenerative Disease"}}]}] ```