--- title: TIME100 2023 Summit Highlights: Kim Kardashian, John Legend, and More description: Here are all the biggest moments from the 2023 TIME100 summit. canonical: https://time.com/collections/time100-summit-2023/6274256/time100-2023-summit-highlights/ article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2023-04-25T21:57:08.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-08-04T07:26:08.077Z og:title: TIME100 2023 Summit Highlights: Kim Kardashian, John Legend, and More og:description: Here are all the biggest moments from the 2023 TIME100 summit. og:url: https://time.com/collections/time100-summit-2023/6274256/time100-2023-summit-highlights/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltf7004014cd9b47f2/698a3c46096a9460866adb09/time100-summit-kim-kardashian.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 675 og:image:alt: TIME100 2023 Summit Highlights: Kim Kardashian, John Legend, and More og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: TIME100 2023 Summit Highlights: Kim Kardashian, John Legend, and More twitter:description: Here are all the biggest moments from the 2023 TIME100 summit. twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltf7004014cd9b47f2/698a3c46096a9460866adb09/time100-summit-kim-kardashian.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 --- Apr 25, 2023 # These are Highlights From the TIME100 2023 Summit > Sponsored content. 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Terms and conditions apply. * Savings buckets are a feature of Ally Bank's Savings Account. * No ATM fees from Ally Bank at Allpoint and Moneypass ATMs plus we reimburse for fees charged by other ATM owners nationwide up to $10 per statement cycle. * Early direct deposit offers eligible direct deposits up to two days sooner. * Spending buckets are a feature of Ally Bank's Spending Account. ## Video: Miracles of Medicine with David Sinclair and Deborah Persaud [Watch (HLS stream): Miracles of Medicine with David Sinclair and Deborah Persaud](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/lVwN2NGL.m3u8) (23:07)  _Published 2023-04-25. Miracles of Medicine with David Sinclair, A.O, Ph.D, Professor of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Dr. Deborah Persaud, Professor of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Moderated by: Alice Park, Senior Health Correspondent, TIME._ by [Mini Racker](https://time.com/author/mini-racker/) and [Sanya Mansoor](https://time.com/author/sanya-mansoor/)  Kim Kardashian speaks onstage at the 2023 TIME100 Summit at Jazz at Lincoln Center on April 25, 2023 in New York City. Kim Kardashian speaks onstage at the 2023 TIME100 Summit at Jazz at Lincoln Center on April 25, 2023 in New York City. Jemal Countess/Getty Images for TIME These days, Kim Kardashian puts herself first. “Sometimes you need to give yourself a little bit more love,” she told the audience at the TIME100 2023 Summit on Tuesday. “Sometimes other people need a little bit more love. And there’s just enough to go around.” As a 2015 TIME100 honoree, Kardashian’s remarks came during this year’s [TIME100 Summit](https://time.com/collection/time100-summit-2023/), a live event which drew leaders from the global TIME100 community to Jazz at Lincoln Center in New York, N.Y. Speakers came from the fields of politics, business, sports, health and science, culture, and more. Following an opening performance by singer MILCK, attendees addressed recent artistic, technological, and political developments. **_Read more:_** [MILCK on Her Journey of Music and Activism Since Her Viral Women’s March Anthem](https://time.com/collection/time100-summit-2023/6274233/summit-post-1/) On a day with a lot of news, including the announcement of President Joe Biden’s reelection bid, a number of the panelists at the TIME100 addressed the news. Kardashian said she had seen the announcement; she mentioned that she “would love” a meeting with him to discuss criminal justice and commutations. **_Read more:_** [Kim Kardashian On How Her Brand Has Leveraged A Multi-Billion Dollar Business and a Successful Criminal Justice Reform Effort](https://time.com/collection/time100-summit-2023/6274254/kim-kardashian-skims-criminal-justice-time100-2023/) Speaking to TIME National Political Correspondent Molly Ball, House Speaker Emerita Nancy Pelosi [welcomed Biden’s reelection campaign](https://time.com/collection/time100-summit-2023/6274249/nancy-pelosi-4/). Pelosi said she was “very excited about the President announcing,” while acknowledging some Democrats’ hesitancy about his bid. “In terms of the Democrats, I know a little bit about that because I go to their meetings all over,” she said. “And yes, they’d rather he be younger. But they’re all for him. … There’s little, shall we say, sidebar stuff, but by-and-large, people understand there’s so much at stake in this election that it’s really important for us to go full strength, full strength Joe Biden.” New Hampshire Republican governor Chris Sununu, who has flirted with a presidential campaign himself, also discussed the President’s reelection bid. He said he doesn’t believe former President Donald Trump represents the party’s future but doesn’t think Biden will succeed in becoming the Democratic nominee, either. “I think somebody’s going to challenge him, probably right through New Hampshire, too.” “President Biden, he moves slow, he does not take questions, he rambles and bumbles, so I don’t think we’re putting our best foot forward,” he said. Asked why Trump holds sway over the Republican Party, Sununu, who noted that he is “no MAGA Republican,” said it’s not about policy: “He creates that empathetic connection with folks’ gut anger.” Tuesday also marked the death of [Harry Belafonte](https://time.com/collection/time100-summit-2023/6274244/john-legend-time100-summit/). The audience reacted to the news with shock as John Legend took the stage. Legend paid tribute to Belafonte’s “powerful, revolutionary life.” Legend weighed in on another news story, too—the use of AI to develop music. He said that he isn’t too threatened by the emergence of [AI tools duping artists’ vocals](https://time.com/6273529/drake-the-weeknd-ai-song/) for newly generated songs. Legend told TIME Senior Correspondent Charlotte Alter that audiences feel connected to artists because of the bigger picture of their story, craft, and performance. “AI can’t really do that and I think that’ll be job protection for us,” he said at the TIME 100 Summit. But Legend added that regulations are necessary and need to be put in place when it comes to using artists’ voices. “AI is going to be a part of our lives and will be something that augments our own intelligence and that’s fine, but when it comes to using someone’s likeness or intellectual property, I believe our rights should still be protected,” he said. Oscar-winning director Steven Spielberg highlighted the importance of preserving art in its original form. “For me, it’s sacrosanct…I do not believe in censorship that way,” he said. He reflected in particular on his decision to replace guns with walkie talkies in his 1982 film _E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial_, calling it a “mistake.” He said the same principle applies for him regarding the removal of language considered offensive from the latest editions of Roald Dahl childhood favorites such as _Charlie and the Chocolate Factory_. “Nobody should ever take the chocolate out of Willy Wonka, and they shouldn’t take the chocolate or the vanilla or any other flavor out of anything that’s been written,” Spielberg said The theme of social justice was one that panelists discussed frequently. NBA All-Star, philanthropist, and entrepreneur Carmelo Anthony and WNBA champion and WNBPA President Nneka Ogwumike shared how they have used their voices to promote social justice, even as some fans urge them to “shut up and dribble.” Anthony earned applause when he said he tries to convince colleagues to speak out. “You don’t have to stand on what I stand on, or deal with the issue that I have to deal with, but you gotta take care of your community first,” he said. “And everybody does that, then we’ll be okay.” Ogwumike recalled the “scariest conversation” she ever had, when she was negotiating to make sure players would receive their full pay and be able to dedicate the season to Black Lives Matter. “You still deal with this imposter syndrome of not believing that you’re worth asking for those things when the world is on fire,” she said. On the subject of health, TIME Senior Health Correspondent Alice Park spoke with David Sinclair, a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, and Dr. Deborah Persaud, a professor of pediatrics at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, about reversing aging and working towards a cure for HIV. It is, in fact, [possible to reverse the effects of aging](https://time.com/6246864/reverse-aging-scientists-discover-milestone/), Sinclair said: “Our bodies are like a computer; we can reset the software; not in humans yet, but we’re getting close.” Sinclair and his team’s research on mice has allowed them to age the animals on an accelerated timeline, but also to reverse the effects of aging. “We tend to think of aging because it’s natural as something that you just accept; 100 years ago, cancer and heart disease were natural,” Sinclair said. “We’re now at a turning point, the way we were…with cancer and HIV… where we have a much better understanding of what’s causing it.” Persaud, meanwhile, predicted that a decade from now, scientists will have identified immunotherapies to keep HIV at bay—particularly for children. She was wary of progress towards a full cure but says remission and control of the disease is possible. Persaud pointed out 38 million people worldwide—including 1.7 million children—are living with HIV; it has been a challenge for scientists to find a cure, partly because HIV “evolves as your immune system tries to keep it in check,” she said. If you treat children in the earliest stages of life their health outcomes can be significantly improved, she added. Following the conclusion of the TIME100 Summit, TIME will host its annual TIME100 Gala celebrating TIME’s 2023 list of the world’s most influential people on April 26\. The TIME100 Gala will also take place at Jazz at Lincoln Center. ## Transcript Hello, everyone. I'm time senior health correspondent Alice Park. And I have to say, one of the things I love about being a time is the breadth of our mission. So this summit, I think is a perfect example of that. And to prove it to you, we are going to go from music to medicine and we're going to go from a breakthrough artist like Megan Thee Stallion to game changing scientists like Dr.. Dr. Deborah Persone and Dr. David Sinclair. Both of you have published really important papers this year, in the past year, that really made us question what's possible and what's impossible. Right. And changed our ideas of what's impossible. So we're going to get to that. And we're thrilled to have both of you here to talk about what it takes to make medical miracles happen. But before we do that really quick show of hands here, how many people think it is possible to reverse aging? David, I think you have your work cut out for you and how many people think it's possible to cure HIV? Few more. All right, Deborah, let's start with you. HIV was discovered in 1981, more than 40 years ago. We've got some great drug therapies now, but people have to take multiple pills and have to take them for the rest of their lives. We still don't have a vaccine. Millions of people are still getting infected every day. Why is it so hard to find a cure or an effective treatment for HIV? So so first, Alison, I want to thank you for featuring HIV cure research, because that's what this is about. The reason it's challenging and which I've spent the last 30 years studying, is that HIV, when you get infected, it establishes itself in the immune cells. These immune cells contain the virus integrated into your genetic material. The virus remains quiet, and so your immune system and the drugs that we currently have could not eliminate those cells or clear those cells from your body. And so when you stop the antiretroviral drugs, the virus just comes back. And we know that it happens in almost everyone. Even if you've been treated for 30 years. You stop your meds, medications within 2 to 4 weeks in a child in an adult, the virus comes right back. But we've had few cases where the virus didn't come back, and that gave us the clue that it's possible to put this infection in remission and eventually a cure. I'm going to make a couple of points for the audience. It's really important to know these numbers. 38 million people worldwide are living with HIV. 1.7 million children are living with HIV. New infections continue even though we know how to prevent infections. There's no vaccine because the virus escapes or immune response. It evolves as your immune system tries to keep it in check. And that's the challenge of developing an HIV vaccine. But there is hope for new therapies, immunotherapies to control the virus when treatment is stopped. And that's the mission of our agenda for remission and cure. And that's, David, as you saw from the audience, I think a lot of people are very skeptical about perhaps if we told them your your book title, which is why we age and why we don't have to. I wonder if you could talk a little bit about what you mean by that and the fact that perhaps your road is is a bit harder, at least with viral infections. We've had vaccines against different viruses and we've had treatments with aging. It's just been assumed that it's an inevitable part of living. So tell us a little bit about how your thinking about aging is changing. Hopefully the way we are going to be thinking about aging. Yes. So thanks for having me here. Well, so that the way I see aging is that it's it's the root cause of most disease and disability on the planet. We call the end product of aging in different organs. We call them diseases. But really what's happening is the body has this universal process that's leading to these diseases. And we've been slapping Band-Aids on the end product of aging and not addressing the root cause. And so in the future, we'll look back at today and say, why didn't we actually address what was the problem? We tend to think of aging because it's natural, something that we should just accept. But 100 years ago, cancer and heart disease were natural and couldn't do much about it. We're now at a turning point the way we were in the 1970s with cancer and HIV in the eighties and nineties, where we have a much better understanding of what is causing aging. Our paper that we published just this year is about identifying a universal cause of aging in all of our tissues. And this process turns out to be rather simple to reverse. It turns out it's probably going to be easier to to reverse aging than it is to cure HIV. And I've heard. It here for. Once. You know the trick. It's not that hard. Students in my lab of reversing aging in cells and animals every every week now. And the trick was to identify that there's information in the body that can be reset in our bodies or like a computer, and we can reset the software to be young again. We're not in humans yet, but we're getting close and this paper was in mice where we could actually now that we think we understand what's going on in the body. It's software corruption. The software is called the epigenome, the systems that read the DNA, the corruption of that system leads to diseases. And we could show in mice that by corrupting that software, we have tricks to do that we could drive aging in a mouse forwards and backwards at will, back and forth as fast or slow as we want it to. How confident are you that I mean, obviously mice are not men that you will see or that that same process is also going on in people? Well, we first discovered the process, as you know, when we first met in yeast cells. Think, you know, the microorganism that makes bread and beer. So we're going back now 25 years. We've been doing this for a while. And this paper that we just published in January and so was the culmination of 64 scientists around the world, 13 years of work. So we've been doing this for a while. And so we've actually we spun out a company from my lab Life Biosciences that has been doing studies to get us to a reversal in humans. The mouse studies have been going on for many years. We were able to cure blindness in mice, glaucoma, old age, nerve crush, curing blindness. Turns out not to be that difficult once you know how to reset aging. And when you reset aging and the tissues they rejuvenate, they can heal. We can even reverse aging in the mouse's brain and recover the ability to learn. And even now, we're discovering recover lost memories from before. But you want to know, how close are we to that? Well, we just two days ago, we released publicly spoke publicly that we've reversed aging in the eyes of non-human primates, our closest cousins. And so it looks like this universal process of age resetting in the body is conserved from yeast to mice to primates. Now, if it doesn't work in our spent, we've done something wrong. But I'm pretty optimistic that it should work, at least in the eye. And then the future would be where do we go from there? And we're looking at the brain and hearing and then lower below the neck. We're going to come back to that because I know everyone wants to hear more about it. And but, Deborah, you know, equally important, your paper this year, when you emailed me about it, you said that this was really going to open up the possibility, the access that people might have to this potential cure. Tell us a little bit about the patient and why you feel it's so important. Yeah. Alice So what else is talking about? And first I want to say that it was a collaborative effort, a team effort, a large team effort. It was a result of a clinical trial we established in 2012 to REP. This is how all this protocol was open to really replicate the first case of cure reported in 2009, the Berlin patient known as the Berlin Patient. And so the reason this case. Is just really quick, this was, yes, HIV patient who had cancer and therefore needed a bone. Marrow trial. Yes. Thank you. Right. So it's the first proof of principle that if you used specialized cell stem cells to transplant an individual living with HIV because they needed a transplant for some other illness, such as cancer, that if you use specialized cells that are called CCR five, Delta 32, which about 1% of whites have this genetically tation that makes your immune cells resistant to infection with HIV. And so the Berlin patient, Timothy Brown, his physician specifically looked for these CCR five delta 32 cells to transplant him, and the field went for about ten years before we could replicate that finding. And finally, in 2019, there was a second patient, a London patient, who also got these specialized CCR, five delta 32 cells. Now, since then, this past year, there have been two cases our patient, the New York woman, and it's the first woman to have achieved this remission. And we're hoping possibly cure of HIV through stem cell transplantation. But what was different, it's and I'm a pediatrician, it's cord blood cells. So these are CCR five delta 32 cells from the cord blood of a baby. And why is this important? Most of the individuals infected with HIV are nonwhite. This is an epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. So it would be very hard to find a match to transplant a nonwhite individuals. But by using cord blood, they're more permissive and tolerant. So you don't need that very stringent matched genetic match to be able to transplant someone. And so this woman, a middle aged woman of mixed race, developed leukemia like the Berlin patient and was transplanted at the time of the report, had been off her drugs. And that's how we can tell if someone is in remission on the way to cure a problem in the field, we have to stop anti-retroviral drugs. And she was off for 18 months. We tested 75 million CD4 cells, especially cells that the virus hiding and could not detect HIV replicating in those cells. And so we believe she's in remission and likely cured of HIV from this special transplantation procedure. And when we talk about curing HIV, are there different levels of cure? I've heard the expression functional cure. And, you know, people warning us that it isn't a cure, a cure in the sense that, you know, we've completely eliminated the virus. Yes. Because as you were talking about, the virus ends to be it tends to hide. Right. And that's why we're afraid to say cure. We say possible, likely probable. And we are not sure when to really declare someone's cured. But we like to think about this like cancer. You know, you're put in remission from cancer. And then if you survive long enough and your cancer doesn't come back, you're cured of HIV. It's a real challenge to do this. But there are many new strategies now in terms of trying to take advantage of the immune system. So giving now immunotherapy is not just anti-retroviral drugs to prevent the virus from multiplying, but try to embolden our immune system or the immune system of a child, a newborn and adult, an 80 year old with immune therapies to really keep the virus in check. So to get to your point of functional cure, we actually, with the case of the Mississippi baby, had labeled that case as functional cure because the baby had been off therapy for she was 27 months at the time of the report. And so we thought that was probably a cure. But we learned from that case very disappointingly. But 27 months is unprecedented to be off therapy. The virus was hidden and came back in that child. And so the field, because we're dealing with communities, individuals are trying to stay away from giving a false hope of cure. And so there's a lot of changes in the field in terms of terminology. But by functional cure, I think it would be really accurate to think about you've cleared the virus sufficiently, but your immune system is now functional to be able to keep the virus in check that if it reawakens, you have immune immune effector function to clear those cells from which the virus is coming out of. That's a remarkable advancement. I think. And David, with respect to your work this year, it requires gene therapy, and I'm sure many people would like to know, yes, there is still this next step to kind of prove that it works in people. But do you see the possibility of having your therapy in the form of a pill or a vaccine or a shot or something that doesn't require a procedure like gene therapy? Right. So the way it will be delivered in the first patient in about one and a half to two years from now will be gene therapy in the eye. That's the first time. And the eye. The eye, well, we chose that because there's already gene therapies for the eye, and it'll be easier to get that on the market. And right now, there's not much you can do for glaucoma or macular degeneration, which I thought that would be a good place to start. And we can do whole body rejuvenation at a later date. But to your point, I have a little mighty lab at Harvard. Wonderful students there. And as soon as we saw that the gene therapy was working in those mice, we got to work to find chemicals, molecules naturally. And synthetic that would replace the gene therapy, because ultimately we want to make this as cheap as a coffee. And we have molecules that are rejuvenating cells, reversing aging. We're writing up our first publication on this. And so I see a time in the future where it will be possible to have an injection or even take a pill for a few months and be rejuvenated by over a decade. So you and I have known each other for many years, and I have to say you really have not changed at all. So I'm going to. Get I don't agree. So I want. To get some personal perspective. Tell us what you do, because we've heard a lot in the news, I think, recently about, you know, some extreme measures. People are going to stay young and reverse aging. What do you personally do based on your research to try to extend your lifespan and stay as young as you can? How long have we got? Yeah, so I wrote about it in my book. If we will run out of time, if I go through all of it, it's on page three and four of lifespan. But because often I don't get to the to the whole list. But there's a long list. My father has been on similar protocol. He's chosen to do what I do, and actually he does it better than I do. He's now 84, almost 80. For perfect health. He can drive a car without glasses, so it gives you an idea of what might be possible for the population. It's eat well. So I'm now mostly plant based. I don't drink alcohol anymore. Inspired by my partner Serena Poon is a wellness expert, longevity expert and a nutritionist and a chef. So that was a big change. And I think that might be partly why I look better than I used to also. And she's a wonderful person that helps, but also supplements, which I've talked about a lot online. People sells variety of supplements. I'm usually not involved, but there's a man which is an 80 booster, which we've shown now in mice published can extend the lifespan. And you study this for many years. Yeah, it came out of finding genes that control aging and then this innate molecule boost. Suppose it's a mimic of exercise and and fasting. So exercise and fasting I also think are good ideas with, you know, with supervision. You want to measure yourself. You can't just do this blind. You don't drive a car without a dashboard. So you can do this with a doctor, take blood tests, measure things on your ring and on your watch, but optimize. You just want to change one thing, see how it goes. And for that reason, biochemical tests are saying that for the last decade I've been getting younger every year. And so thank you for for saying that. But really the point is. That it's not a sprint. It's not that difficult, actually, You know, I'm pretty lazy. I don't like exercise. I don't like going on in cold showers and soreness and all that stuff. But I do try to eat well every day. I try not to eat three, four, three, three, four meals every day. I try to pack it into dinner if I can, and just by doing all of those things that doctors typically recommend and I recommend, it's been shown that you can extend your lifespan on average by 15 years. And that's just the easy stuff. Well, diet and exercise. Yeah. And have a good have a good partner. Don't smoke, don't drink too much, reduce stress, meditate. If you're worried try to get good sleep. Those simple things we all know, we just it's hard to do, but it really makes a massive difference. And every day we're aging. We can measure that with DNA tests. And when you do do that, even children are aging. We talked about HIV positive. Children are aging rapidly. So even what you do in childhood echoes for decades later. So it's never too early to start living well. It's also never too late. We're finding. And Deborah, for people who are diagnosed with HIV and find themselves HIV positive, what should they prioritize to ensure for what we have today and what they can look forward to, you know, in the future from researchers like yourself? What should they prioritize to ensure that they live the longest and healthiest life that they can? So so the greatest advance in our field and, you know well ask is David Hall was Time magazine man of the year was really the advent or the discovery that combination antiretroviral drugs really can keep HIV at bay. You take your meds every day and you can contain the virus to undetectable levels in blood plasma. We know now from 30 years in this field that if you take an adult actually living with HIV has a normal life expectancy. Children can live into the third and fourth decades, but their life expectancy has not been fully restored. But there is hope within your treatments. And so I think the key message is to take your medications. But first, prevention is key. We know how to prevent acquisition of HIV. And as we embark on this cure agenda, we still have to stress prevent infections. We know how to do that. And as a pediatrician, I want to say the prevention space was pioneered by women signing up during pregnancy and enrolling their infants in drugs. We didn't know the safety profile because the disease was devastating. It was a death sentence to women in their infants. And so prevention is part of what we need to focus on. But if you are infected, you actually can live a normal lifespan with eating well, exercise and taking your medications and perhaps prevent aging. I could keep going, but our time, unfortunately, is up and lunch is next. So given the theme of today's summit, last question for both of you. Time is celebrating its 100th year, and I could ask you where you think aging How long will be living in 100 years and whether, you know, whether we'll have a cure for HIV in 100 years. But I know you guys are both working so fast that that's too far ahead. So let's talk ten years. David, how how far are we going to be with finding ways to slow or even reverse aging in a decade. When things are going so fast? My head is spinning. Just a few years ago it was ludicrous to talk about age reversal, and now it's in the leading scientific magazines. There's billions of dollars being invested by companies and countries. It's it's going to be as big as they are in the next few years. I think that within ten years I will have not wave at the field. Hopefully I'll be involved, will have shown that it's possible to reverse aging and treated disease. Doctors will have these medicines. They can try them not just in the eye, but in other ailments, bringing back memories, hopefully treating curing Alzheimer's, those kind of diseases. I think in ten years it'll be possible for most people to have a discussion with their doctor about resetting their body. Ten, 20 years Depends on how long you take the pills for. And what we're finding also is you can reset the body of a mouse at least multiple times. So perhaps ten, let's say 20 years from now, we'll be able to go back every ten years for a for a reset and and stay young for not just decades, but even longer than that. So some of us can see the the 22nd century. Something to look forward to. And, Deborah, the question for you, will we have cured HIV in ten years? So I'm going to answer that with the lens of a pediatrician and a focus on children. And we we know from ten years ago, from the case of the Mississippi baby that we know if you treat newborns and neonates early, very early in the first few days of life, that we can really limit and restrict these reservoirs. If you treat early, around 2 to 3 months of age, by ten years of age, the reservoirs are really reduced. And I do believe in the next ten years we'll have identified immunotherapies to keep HIV at bay. Now, I don't think we that would be considered a cure, but it would be considered remission and control of HIV that a child does not have to face. Taking medications every day, which is a problem, and the stigma of living with HIV and disclosing your status through having to take your medications every day. So I'm very hopeful for that. But so are we. Well, David and Deborah, thank you both for joining us at the Time 100 Summit and giving us this glimpse into the future of medicine. Thank you. 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