World Battlefronts: No More Commissars

Premier Joseph Stalin abolished the Red Army political commissars last week. The reorganization made every officer sole commander of his unit, under no obligation to consult a political collaborator before making a decision. The decision showed Stalin’s confidence in the political loyalty of his Red officers.

Father of Red Army’s political commissars was Stalin. As commissar on the southern front, he organized the defense of Stalingrad (then Tsaritsyn) against the White Army in 1918. Every unit from platoon to army had its commissar. Their functions, then and since:* 1) to check on officers’ loyalty and honesty; 2) to maintain high morale by explaining to the troops what they are fighting for; 3) to organize study classes, discussion groups, lectures, dramatic circles; 4) to assist unit commanders, help make tactical decisions.

All old Red Army commissars attended special schools designed to fit them for their work. They were taught how to answer soldiers’ questions. Examples: Q.—”Why have not our Allies opened a second front?” A.—”Because they lack the necessary determination.” Q.—”How great is American and British participation in the war?” A.—”Very small.”

Last week’s decree provided that the Red Army’s legion of commissars receive regular Red Army ranks corresponding to their military experience and ability. Educational and cultural works will be carried out by specially trained unit vice-commanders. The decree will give Russia’s heroic army thousands of new officers to replace the many who have died during the summer.

*Except between Aug. 13, 1919 and July 18, 1941 when commissars were outlawed.