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title: Rochelle Walensky Reflects on Her CDC Tenure During COVID-19
description: Former CDC director Rochelle Walensky calls for additional investment in public health, and Congressional action, to strengthen the CDC.
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author: Alice Park
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article:published_time: 2023-06-27T20:04:01.000Z
article:modified_time: 2026-10-19T07:24:49.234Z
article:section: Health
og:title: An Exit Interview With the Pandemic-Era CDC Director
og:description: Former CDC director Rochelle Walensky on her biggest takeaways from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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twitter:title: An Exit Interview With the Pandemic-Era CDC Director
twitter:description: Former CDC director Rochelle Walensky on her biggest takeaways from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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# 'It's Been a Pretty Rocky Road.' CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky Reflects on Her Tenure During COVID-19

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<!-- video src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/YaLbk7xu.m3u8" -->
## Video: It's Been a Pretty Rocky Road.' CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky Reflects on Her Tenure During COVID-19

[Watch (HLS stream): It's Been a Pretty Rocky Road.' CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky Reflects on Her Tenure During COVID-19](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/YaLbk7xu.m3u8) (8:52)

![It's Been a Pretty Rocky Road.' CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky Reflects on Her Tenure During COVID-19](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/YaLbk7xu/poster.jpg?width=720)

_Published 2023-06-27. Dr. Rochelle Walensky became director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in January 2021, a fraught time in the country’s public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic._


![Alice Park](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9b1ff6b12c3a4c3f/698a0b4397cdff3e366ba723/200116_Time_Headshots_Day552832-e1583529256299.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Alice Park](https://time.com/author/alice-park/)


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## Alice Park


Senior Correspondent

Jun 27, 2023 8:04 PM UTC

Dr. Rochelle Walensky became director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in January 2021, a fraught time in the country’s public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. 

![Alice Park](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9b1ff6b12c3a4c3f/698a0b4397cdff3e366ba723/200116_Time_Headshots_Day552832-e1583529256299.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Alice Park](https://time.com/author/alice-park/)


![Alice Park](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9b1ff6b12c3a4c3f/698a0b4397cdff3e366ba723/200116_Time_Headshots_Day552832-e1583529256299.jpg?branch=production&width=96&quality=75&auto=webp)

## Alice Park


Senior Correspondent

Jun 27, 2023 8:04 PM UTC

Dr. Rochelle Walensky became director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in January 2021, a fraught time in the country’s public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Americans’ confidence in the nation’s leading public health organization was at an all-time low, and Walensky had to not only manage the national response but rebuild public trust at the same time. She faced criticism over some aspects of the pandemic response, including confusing messaging and delays in processing data related to cases and severity of the disease. While most public health experts acknowledged that she led the agency, and the country’s pandemic response, with a science-based focus, she became the target of political opponents who blamed her, and the CDC, for complications related to COVID-19 vaccines and for avoidable hospitalizations and deaths from the disease.


Walensky resigns as director effective June 30; she spoke with TIME about her historic and tumultuous tenure.

_This interview has been edited for brevity and clarity._

**TIME: Two and a half years into the pandemic, should we be in a better place than we are now in terms of COVID-19 cases and illness?**

Walensky: Well, I would say we are in a much better place than we were for sure with over 95% of people having immunity of one flavor or another and many people have immunity both related to prior vaccination or prior infection. So there is a lot of protection out there. But we also know as with all respiratory viruses, they are likely to circulate some, they may very well circulate a little bit more over the fall, when respiratory viruses tend to thrive. And we at CDC will continue to be vigilant to get the message out of all the things that people can do to protect themselves. And I think the public now knows what those things are.


**You helmed the agency at the most urgent time during the pandemic. Given that we are now seeing COVID-19 on the decline, why did you decide to step down now? Why not see the end of the pandemic through?**

Well, it’s been an extraordinary tenure. When I came in, it was really about getting the agency, country, and world out of the darkest days of the pandemic. Certainly, I knew I was coming in to conquer COVID-19.

One of the other things that we really did during my tenure was CDC Moving Forward, our strategy and plan for how to take where we are in public health at CDC and across the country, and pivot to be the public health agency of the future. How do we become the public health agency that America deserves and desires? We did a lot of that work over the last year, and I feel like I’ve charted the course now for what we need to do in the future. What became very clear to me was that this work will take longer than a year. Having tackled and gotten us through the darkest days of COVID-19, which is really what I came in to do—the end of the public health emergency, having launched CDC Moving Forward and recognizing that this was going to be a strategy for the long term, not the immediate term—now just felt like the right time to step down.

**When you went to the CDC in 2021, some people said you were faced with an impossible task of trying to restore people’s trust in the agency. Can you give us examples of specific things that took you by surprise after you started in the job?**

I knew I had a hard task ahead of me—I did not go into this naïve. Not all of the things that I thought would be hard, were hard, and things that I didn’t expect to be hard, ended up being harder.

I really did not expect that there would be so many people who were working to undermine the message of science, the message of public health—nefarious actors who really were working to undermine what good health would look like for individuals and for the country. That was harder than I thought it would be.

For example, the vaccine is such a cornerstone of what we do in prevention of infectious threats, and that is being challenged. I don’t know that we could have rewound the clock two and a half years ago and \[known\], this incredible thing that we were celebrating with how well this vaccine worked, and how this was really going to be among the most important things to get us out of this pandemic, that that would somehow turn into people weaponizing it for political gain. That messaging has been a challenge.


**The CDC has really taken a lot of criticism during this pandemic and in some ways become a scapegoat when things went wrong. Do you think that criticism was fair?** 

From the day I was nominated, we were going to lead with the science and that science was going to be the foundation of our guidance. And as I look back on the last two and a half years, we absolutely did so in those big decisions—keeping in mind that sometimes the science is not clear. Even if the science is still emerging, somebody has to be making those decisions, and that is us. In that context, I can appreciate that not everybody would agree on a decision and that we were going to be taking the heat when people didn’t agree. And I’ve stood by the decisions that I’ve made.

One of the things that has been challenging is as a scientist—I know science changes. That is the purpose of science. That is the goal—to have more and more science emerge to have one question that is answered, then link to another question that needs to be asked. I don’t know that America was feeling that way. I think America \[wanted\], _here’s the answer and now we are done_.


We had been, early on, less articulate about saying, ‘This may change, we will tell you more when we know it, and you need to be ready to understand when to pivot, and when, and if we learn more.’ I have been much more intentional about that, \[after\] learning those lessons.

**Throughout the pandemic public messaging came from a group: the COVID-19 briefings included the White House, Dr. Fauci at NIH, sometimes the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and the Surgeon General, as well as yourself. How did the decision to address the nation as a group come about, and did you ever argue that the CDC should be the single voice that the public hears from about the pandemic?**

It was intentional, because we were all very much on the same page. And we wanted to make sure that America heard that all of us were on the same page. And that unified unifying message, I think, is critically important. Especially when the other message out there was, ‘this is confusing.’ So we really wanted to have one voice, one scientific voice from the scientific agencies.


**You have said that something like COVID-19 is too big for a single agency like CDC to manage alone. What can the CDC do during a public health crisis, and what can it not do, based on its powers?**

I really appreciate this question, because I think that this is lost on not only the American public, but even scientists who are asking for things from CDC. This is among the things we are doing in CDC Moving Forward—and asking for Congressional help so we can be a nimble agency. We have real challenges in our workforce, in our ability to pay overtime, our ability to pay danger pay.

The other one is data. We have 3,000 jurisdictions that send us data. Sometimes it’s standardized, sometimes it’s not. Sometimes it comes by fax, sometimes by email, sometimes by web. And we cannot compel that data—those data to come to us voluntarily. During the public health emergency, we were able to get more data \[than usual\]. But one of the things I have kind of become accustomed to is when people ask, _we want to see the data from CDC_, I say _please also ask the question, does CDC actually get the data that you’re looking to get_? Because oftentimes, we don’t. We want to be able to say in jurisdiction X, there’s an outbreak so in the next jurisdiction Y, you should be looking for it too.


**So would it take a public health emergency or an act of Congress to give CDC the ability to collect the data it needs to follow something like an outbreak?**

To be very clear, we’re not looking for protected individual data. We want to be able to see an infectious threat or a non-infectious threat when it happens. If we were to have one case of disease X show up in a hospital and another case of disease X show up in a neighboring county in a hospital, if they both don’t report it to us, we can’t say, ‘wait a minute, there’s something going on locally.’ And they each think that they have the only case that’s out there.

I do want to make sure the public is aware that we have made enormous strides during the pandemic in our data-modernization efforts and our syndromic-surveillance efforts and things that we can do in our death-reporting efforts. So that is squarely within CDC’s control. With death reporting \[from any cause\], 80% of death reports come to us within 10 days, way faster than they had before. Syndromic surveillance we now have 70% of emergency departments reporting to us a list of syndromes. So there has been much improvement but \[when it comes to\] a rare disease, a new infection and new outbreak, we still rely on the voluntary reporting of states.


**You came to the CDC from academia, without experience in government. Looking back, was not having that public sector experience a help or a hindrance?**

There were relationships that I needed to build, and I needed to understand how certain things worked. But I was able to do that. And I am actually really proud of those relationships, and I will carry with me the interactions that I have with our state and local health officers, who now regularly call me and say something doesn’t feel right here.

But I do think having a fresh perspective, having a network in infectious diseases that I was able to call upon, was clearly beneficial to me as well.

**When you were appointed director, you didn’t need to be confirmed by the Senate, and neither will your successor, Dr. Mandy Cohen. But beginning in 2025, the Senate will confirm the CDC director. Do you think that’s going to help or hurt the influence of politics on science and the ability of the CDC director to do the job?**


It has been told to me that among the reasons to do that is to make sure that the CDC director is accountable. And what I will say in that regard is I have testified in front of Congress every time I’ve been asked—it’s been 17 times in the last 28 months. I can appreciate why there was a desire for Congress to do this. What I can say, however, is I think we would have lost a lot of ground to not have a CDC director be able to come in on the first day of this administration and take on what I took on in what could have been six months to a year before a confirmation.

**Where did you turn during the darkest and most challenging days of the pandemic?**

There were some hard days over the last two and a half years—the phone call about Omicron; the first case of mpox that colleagues reported to me; when we lost a CDC employee in the Atlanta shootings. Those were some dark times, and I turned to the people at the agency and their wise counsel. I have said to the agency, in certain moments when you think this is impossible, you realize it’s the people that make it possible. We have this wonderful saying in clinical medicine—’never worry alone.’ And I worried a lot, but I never worried alone.


**Where do you go from here? You’ve now spent time in academic and the public sector, is the private sector next?**

My next chapter is very intentionally blank. I am really looking forward to catching up with family and friends that have been so incredible to me over the last—I’ll call it four years.

I do know that I have this deep passion in health and in public health, and in helping people who’ve been underserved and in areas where we can really improve health across this country and indeed, across the world. So, I suspect from whatever perch, I will be championing that, but I don’t know exactly what it will be yet.

**What do you hope will be your legacy, both at the CDC and for the public?**

When I came, it was, morale was low. People were home; they were working very, very hard. They were under-appreciated, and CDC was being smeared across the headlines. I do think today, the news about CDC is really the science we produce, and that is back to where it should be. There has been some bruising that happened in the last three years. And I think that we’re raising our heads from that. I hope that America has recognized that we’re here to worry about health so that everybody else doesn’t have to. And I hope that the morale of the agency is way better than where I found it.


For the public, I think they will see that we have worked hard to not only address the COVID 19 pandemic, but to address a density of public health threats, the likes of which we’ve never seen. I think America needs to recognize that we are at risk of more, and that there needs to be a real investment in health and public health for us to be the successful public health agency of the future. Over the last two and a half years, it’s been a pretty rocky road, but we are in a way better place as a country.


## Transcript

I knew I had a hard task ahead of me. I did not go into this naive. Not not all the things that I thought would be hard, work, hard and things that I didn't expect to be hard ended up being harder. I did not expect the sort of that there would be so many people who were working to undermine the methods of science. The message of Public Health in Ferris actors who really were working to undermine what good health would look like for individuals and for the country that was harder than I thought it would be. Give me what we have now. The vaccines you do natural immunity from people who are getting exposed infected as well.

And now drugs, if you mentioned up where should we be in a much better place than we are now in terms of the pandemic or are we were, you would think we should be two and a half years? Three years into the pandemic? Well, I would say we are in a much better place than we were for sure. Are with over 95% of people having a munity of one flavor, or the another, and many people have immunity both related to Prior vaccination or prior infection. I'm so a lot of protection out there, but we also know, as with all respiratory viruses, they are likely to circulate some, they may very well circulate a little bit more over the fall.

When respiratory virus is 10 to thrive and weird cities, he will continue to be. So Gillette take out the message out of all the things that people can do to protect themselves. And I think the public now knows what those things are information. I think in general undermining, we can do what we were working to do to get people out of the pandemic to get People Protected. I'm and now also. I see no blood into pediatric vaccination as well. And so are, you know, when vaccine is like a Cornerstone of what we do in prevention and prevention of infectious threats and that by its very nature, not just in covid been another things is being challenged, I don't know that we could have rewound, the clock, two and a half years ago and said, this incredible thing that we are celebrating with how well this vaccine worked and how this was really going to be among the most important things to get us out of this.

Pandemic does that, what is somehow turned into people weaponizing it for political gain when it comes to we really had messages from from a group, right? The briefings came from the White House. Dr. Fauci at NIH HHS and sometimes the Surgeon General as well as you Spell, funeralized director of the CDC. How did that decision to make it a group in a briefing versus? Did you argue for example, that the CDC should be the voice that there should be a single voice and would not have helped in terms of reducing some of the confusion and the misperception there, if the public had kind of one place to go?

Yeah, I think one could say that, you know, how did that? How was it? How were those decisions made it was intentional because very much we were all on the same page and we wanted to make sure that America heard that all of us were on the same page that the scientists it. And I ate and the Surgeon General and HHS and CDC, we were in agreement with the things that we were staying and that unit to find message. I think is really critically important, especially when the other message out there was this is confusing. So, we really wanted to have one voice. One scientific voice from the scientific agencies.

You have said that something like covid-19 is too big for a single agency, like CBC to manage alone. And that, you know, you can't make us there can't be a good solution in isolation. Like an agency can act and isolation, I wonder if you can comment on and help the public better understand what the CDC can and cannot do. You know, I think a lot of the criticism of the agency has come from expectations that the public had, you know, on what the CDC should be doing or telling them, I wonder, if you could help us understand a bit like a better understanding of what the agency 10 doing, what, I can't, I really appreciate this question because I think that this is lost on not only every day, I know the American public but even scientists who are engaged and asking for, for things from CBC.

So I guess, and this is among the things we are doing so much work and CDC moving forward, but among the things, Graphing for Congressional help on so that we can be a Nimble agency. We have real challenges in our Workforce and the authorities that we have in our work force, our ability to pay overtime, our ability to pay danger, pay if we have an employee, that is working in a bowl of lading District, you know, helping a community. We can't do those sorts of things. It is very hard to be nimble with a response based work for us when we don't have a capacity weigh other response, based agencies have so Workforce has a real challenge.

The other one has data, we do not we receive data voluntarily at CDC though. We have 3000 jurisdictions, that send us data sometimes it's standardized. Sometimes it's not sometimes it comes back, sometimes my email sometimes by web. So there are lots of different ways that we receive data and we cannot compel that day that Thursday that have come to us during the public health emergency. We were able to get more data because of the public health emergency, but one of the things I really have become accustomed to saying is when people ask, we want to see the data from CDC. Please also asked the question, the CDC actually, opted, get the data that you're looking to get from CDC.

Because oftentimes, we don't, I'm, and that is really, we, we want those dated to come in a privacy protected way. We don't want an individual information, but we do want to be able to stay in jurisdiction acts. There's an outbreak next to in jurisdiction. Why? You should be looking for it too. If those data don't come to us and CDC, we can't put it back out to to Jose Tequilas at the state and local Health departments and you held the agency. You know what, you said a very historic moment and arguably, we're kind of at the tail end of that. Now, why did you decide now is the time to step down while?

So it's been it's been an extraordinary 10 year when I came in, it was really about getting the agency to country in the world out of the darkest days. The pandemic we have been conquering race of infectious threats. I think unlike any we have seen throughout history, certainly, I knew I was coming into a conqueror covid-19 and Alta monkeypox came first, a case of parallel polio in the country. Assumed an ebola outbreak in Uganda to Marburg. Outbreaks in Equatorial, Guinea in Tanzania. The rate of Public Health. Threats has really been enormous over the last two-and-a-half years. One of the other things that we really did during my tenure was CDC moving forward, and that is sort of our strategy and plan for how we take, where we are in public health at CDC, and across the country, and payment to be the public health agency of the future.

What is said that we've the lessons that we learn CDC has been around only for 76 years. They weren't around for the last pandemic. I'm so what is it that we have learned? How do we become the public health agency? That the America deserves and desires until we did a lot of that work over the last year. And I feel like I've charted the course. Now for what we need to do in the future, much of that work has already been accomplished done, is is ongoing. And you know what became very clear to me was that this work will take longer than a year. It'll take longer than two. We need to be able to be adaptable as new scientific movies or merge.

And so, it's important to me, was to have a legacy where I talked about what do we need to be doing, what is the this inflection point? And so we want that. But I also think that we have done a lot of work in the agency to demonstrate where you know where we can fill voids and communication and fill it with important scientific information. So that when that void is there that we filled it before some nefarious actor may come in and fill it for us until I think of that has been critically important. This is going to be something that we have to keep a very close eye on because Are people who are very much want to undermine and it's not the CDC and it's not just NIH.

It is all of Academia and all of science. That is really struggling with this right now.

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