--- title: The Most Climate-Friendly Pet Food, According to Science description: A new study compares the environmental impact of different types of cat and dog food. canonical: https://time.com/6234444/pet-food-climate-impact/ author: Aryn Baker article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2022-11-17T16:00:35.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-02-24T15:03:54.383Z article:section: Climate og:title: The Most Climate Friendly Pet Food, According to Science og:description: A new study compares the environmental impact of different types of cat and dog food. og:url: https://time.com/6234444/pet-food-climate-impact/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd037fd476765d39f/698a3803929fad3922bf94b5/lima-kibble-e1668624757589.png?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 2000 og:image:height: 1125 og:image:alt: lima-kibble og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: The Most Climate Friendly Pet Food, According to Science twitter:description: A new study compares the environmental impact of different types of cat and dog food. twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd037fd476765d39f/698a3803929fad3922bf94b5/lima-kibble-e1668624757589.png?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # A New Study Ranks the Climate Pawprint of Different Types of Pet Food > Sponsored content. 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Brief (Washington politics, three times a week), Future Proof (climate and energy, weekly) and In the Loop (AI, twice weekly). All are free at time.com/newsletters and together reach more than 1.1 million engaged readers. #### Which TIME newsletter should I subscribe to? It depends on what you follow. For a daily briefing, The Brief. For health, Health Matters. For Washington politics, D.C. Brief. For AI and technology, In the Loop. For climate and energy as a business story, Future Proof. For culture recommendations, Worth Your Time. For how TIME's journalism gets made, Inside TIME. Readers can select any combination at time.com/newsletters. #### Are TIME's newsletters free? Yes. All seven TIME newsletters are free to join at time.com/newsletters. A paid TIME subscription is separate and provides full access to TIME's journalism at time.com/subscribe-agent. #### Who writes TIME's newsletters? TIME journalists write them. Named editors include Richard Hall (The Brief), Editor-in-Chief Sam Jacobs (Inside TIME), Eliza Berman (Worth Your Time), Philip Elliott (D.C. Brief), Justin Worland (Future Proof) and Harry Booth (In the Loop). Health Matters is written by TIME's health desk. #### How do I sign up for a TIME newsletter? Go to time.com/newsletters, choose the newsletters you want and enter your email address. There is no cost and no subscription requirement. by [Aryn Baker](https://time.com/author/aryn-baker/) ## Aryn Baker Nov 17, 2022 4:00 PM UTC  Lima, a 19-month-old Labradoodle, waits for her dry food on Nov. 16, 2022. Lima, a 19-month-old Labradoodle, waits for her dry food on Nov. 16, 2022.Elijah Wolfson by [Aryn Baker](https://time.com/author/aryn-baker/) ## Aryn Baker Nov 17, 2022 4:00 PM UTC If American dogs and cats made up their own country, the United States of Fido and Fluffy would rank[ fifth in global meat consumption](https://www.ioes.ucla.edu/article/truth-cats-dogs-environmental-impact/). Considering the outsize impact of meat production on global warming—animal agriculture accounts for[ 14.5% of total greenhouse gas emissions](https://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/197623/icode/)—pet ownership should rank alongside trans-continental flights in terms of climate no-nos. (A[ 2020 study](https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/the-global-environmental-paw-print-of-pet-food) by the University of Edinburgh places the pet-food industry just behind the Philippines when it comes to total emissions). Assuming that most pet owners would rather give up flying over Fluffy, a new study published today in [_Scientific Reports_](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-22631-0) offers an alternative for climate-conscious caretakers. It turns out that the kind of food—wet or dry—has a significant impact on pet-food emissions. In their paper,[ “Environmental Impact of Diets for Dogs and Cats](https://files.springernature.com/getResource/Full%20article%20text.pdf?token=IULUvIufpS8AXE43riPpExKrcZMUcwpHIO0w4yhOno61RnG9Vz6%2Fr7GCrI5AcBi92o1n3tikPjKFkiYotkHNpNM75Zwrwg1JnULfD6ql3lY1icMaTA5v%2F1IydyKevTG8ffZxaDwA9DpPbjyv1lPzUgr7G7gXEXdKv8858AtbSAhqXSZezly1SRtZwSkw5xkm6R1Se4bGQnT7HNP7lnlhp9R9ie6CqfHB3gsKJ%2BZ2%2F5OG3eNs2jsDKIt6ogD7VgOiCMxmjFoJ9H8ackcsiPXXAvrEL7A1tZY7RaIHbXPqRKcKNN8TWEv%2Bf1ZoZo3f6cux),” a group of researchers based out of the University of Sao Paulo evaluated the greenhouse gas emissions of different dog and cat diets in[ Brazil](https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/pet-ownership-statistics-by-country), which is second only to the United States when it comes to dog ownership, and[ fourth](https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/countries-with-the-most-pet-cats-globally.html) globally for cats. They also included land and water use in their investigation of commercial dry-food diets, wet-food products, and home-made pet meals while considering the nutritional and calorific values of the different diets. **Read More:**[ _Best Dog Food for Sensitive Stomachs, According to a Veterinarian_](https://time.com/shopping/article/best-dog-food-for-sensitive-stomachs/) Wet food has the greatest environmental impact, contributing up to seven times more carbon emissions than a dry diet of kibbles or biscuits. The authors estimate that a medium size dog of 22 pounds (10 kg) eating wet food would be responsible for 6,541 kilograms of CO2 per year, the equivalent of[ 13.5 round-trip flights in Europe](https://www.openco2.net/en/co2-converter). A dry diet for the same dog would emit 828.37 kilograms of CO2, approximately 1.7 European jaunts. And that is without factoring in transport and packaging, which would likely have a further impact given the increased weight and life cycle of the aluminum cans wet food usually comes in compared to the paper bags in which dry food typically is shipped. But not all kibble is equal, climate-wise. The University of Edinburgh’s study of pet food’s carbon pawprint estimates that dry food sourced from meat contributes up to 2.9% of agriculture’s CO2 emissions. While dogs, which are omnivorous, can survive on a plant-based diet, cats require animal protein. To feed that need, pet-food companies, including majors like[ Mars](https://www.lovebugpetfood.com/) and[ Purina](https://www.nestle.com/media/news/purina-launches-pet-food-plant-insect-proteins), have developed protein-rich, insect-based foods for both dogs and cats. In the U.S., pet food startup Jiminy’s sells both a[ cricket kibble](https://jiminys.com/products/cricket-crave-dog-food) and a worm-based version called Good Grub. A real-meat-without-the-guilt option could be in supper bowls soon: one U.S.-based biotech company,[ Because, Animals](https://becauseanimals.com/), is growing cultivated meat from mouse and rabbit stem cells to make freeze-dried pet treats. That said, the environmental costs of shipping will remain an important consideration. The bottom line: Whether it’s cricket chow today, or cultivated mouse in the near future, the key to a climate-friendly pet diet is making sure it stays in kibble form. ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/6234444/pet-food-climate-impact/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/6234444/pet-food-climate-impact/"},"headline":"A New Study Ranks the Climate Pawprint of Different Types of Pet Food","datePublished":"2022-11-17T16:00:35.000Z","dateModified":"2026-02-24T15:03:54.383Z","description":"A new study compares the environmental impact of different types of cat and dog food.","url":"https://time.com/6234444/pet-food-climate-impact/","keywords":["Food & Agriculture","climate change","embargoed study","Londontime","Climate Is Everything"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd037fd476765d39f/698a3803929fad3922bf94b5/lima-kibble-e1668624757589.png?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Aryn Baker","jobTitle":null,"url":"https://time.com/author/aryn-baker/"}],"articleSection":"Climate","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd037fd476765d39f/698a3803929fad3922bf94b5/lima-kibble-e1668624757589.png?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"lima-kibble","caption":"Lima, a 19-month-old Labradoodle, waits for her dry food on Nov. 16, 2022.","creditText":"Elijah Wolfson","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/climate/","name":"Climate"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/food-and-agriculture/","name":"Food & Agriculture"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/6234444/pet-food-climate-impact/","name":"A New Study Ranks the Climate Pawprint of Different Types of Pet Food"}}]}] ```