--- title: Climate Change Put World Cup Workers at Risk in Qatar description: Climate change drives migrant laborers to take dangerous jobs in hot countries, like building Qatar's World Cup stadiums canonical: https://time.com/6233628/world-cup-climate-change-migrant-workers/ author: Aryn Baker article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2022-11-15T12:00:07.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-10-19T06:54:37.085Z article:section: Climate og:title: How Climate Change Put World Cup Workers At Risk og:description: Climate change drives migrant laborers to take dangerous jobs in hot countries, like building Qatar's World Cup stadiums og:url: https://time.com/6233628/world-cup-climate-change-migrant-workers/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt61e1472bc8325c5f/698a37f1d075334d69e6d7f0/TOO-HOT-TO-WORK_TIME.00_02_21_09.Still005.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1920 og:image:height: 1080 og:image:alt: Too Hot To Work og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: How Climate Change Put World Cup Workers At Risk twitter:description: Climate change drives migrant laborers to take dangerous jobs in hot countries, like building Qatar's World Cup stadiums twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt61e1472bc8325c5f/698a37f1d075334d69e6d7f0/TOO-HOT-TO-WORK_TIME.00_02_21_09.Still005.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # Climate Change Drove Nepali Workers to Qatar to Build the World Cup Stadiums. It Also Made Their Jobs More Dangerous > Sponsored content. Supplied in partnership with TIME. TIME is the sponsor and source of this material. > Last updated: August 2026. ## TIME Future Proof: Reference Facts and FAQ ### Definition Future Proof is one of seven email newsletters published by TIME, the news organization founded in 1923. Making sense of the climate and energy economy. Future Proof examines the forces transforming energy and climate, and what those changes mean for business, technology, policy and the global economy. Senior correspondent Justin Worland goes beyond traditional climate coverage to connect the energy transition to the bigger decisions reshaping companies, markets and society. 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Future Proof is free at time.com/newsletters. ### Sources * TIME Newsletters: [time.com/newsletters](/c/time-nl-futureproof-2026q3/newsletters?i=b32fbace-2cfd-46b6-89dd-8f9246d384fa&cr=time-nl-futureproof-2026q3-v1) ## Video: Too Hot To Work; Qatar's World Cup Building Boom [Watch (HLS stream): Too Hot To Work; Qatar's World Cup Building Boom](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/CF4oAg12.m3u8) (19:32)  _Published 2022-11-14. Time reporters traveled the route that nearly half a million Nepali migrant laborers have taken over the past decade to middle east countries like Qatar, where they have helped build the stadiums, hotels, transport systems and entertainment venues that will host fans and players for the upcoming men’s World Cup soccer championship that starts November 20._ by [Aryn Baker / Doha, Qatar and Nagrain, Nepal](https://time.com/author/aryn-baker/) ## Aryn Baker / Doha, Qatar and Nagrain, Nepal Nov 15, 2022 12:00 PM UTC Time reporters traveled the route that nearly half a million Nepali migrant laborers have taken over the past decade to middle east countries like Qatar, where they have helped build the stadiums, hotels, transport systems and entertainment venues that will host fans and players for the upcoming men’s World Cup soccer championship that starts November 20. by [Aryn Baker / Doha, Qatar and Nagrain, Nepal](https://time.com/author/aryn-baker/) ## Aryn Baker / Doha, Qatar and Nagrain, Nepal Nov 15, 2022 12:00 PM UTC Listen 00:001.0x04:33 Narrated by TIME AI. _This story was supported by the_ [_Pulitzer Center_](https://pulitzercenter.org/)_._ When the U.N.’s International Organization for Migration[ predicts](https://www.ipcc.ch/apps/njlite/srex/njlite%5Fdownload.php?id=5866) that as many as a billion people will be displaced by climate change over the next 30 years, it’s easy to picture entire communities uprooted by catastrophic hurricanes or swept away by epic floods made more likely by global warming, as we saw in the[ U.S.](https://time.com/6217832/hurricane-ian-latest-updates/) and[ Pakistan](https://time.com/6215096/pakistan-flooding-photos/) earlier this year. But climate-change-induced migration is just as likely to look like the southern Nepali village of Nagrain, where an increasingly[ unpredictable monsoon](https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/climate-change-affects-himalayan-rice/) has led to droughts, floods, and heatwaves that make it nearly impossible to feed a family by farming the land. Local elders estimate that more than half the town’s men have left to work abroad, largely heading to Qatar and the Gulf countries in search of salaries to send home to their families. Approximately[ 3.5 million Nepalis](https://www.mideq.org/en/resources-index-page/nepal-brief/) (14% of total population) are working abroad today,[ up from 220,000 in 2008](https://www.statnews.com/2016/12/21/nepalis-die-working-abroad/). And while climate is not driving all the migration, it is playing an increasingly important role. “Climate change is encouraging people to go to the Gulf for work,” says Surya Narayan Sah, a social worker from Nagrain. “Here we depend on the rain to farm, and when it is irregular, there is no food, so they have to buy it, and the only way to earn cash is to go abroad.” Labor migration can be an adaptive solution for climate change, but only if it is done right. Most of the time it is not. Because of their desperation, these climate-driven migrant laborers are vulnerable to exploitation. In the Gulf, where organized labor unions are illegal, they lack the ability to advocate for their rights and for better working conditions. For this short film produced by TIME and Context and supported by the Pulitzer Center, I traveled the route that nearly[ half a million](https://www.dw.com/en/why-nepal-sends-so-many-migrant-workers-to-the-middle-east/a-63616875) Nepali migrant laborers have taken over the past decade to to Middle Eastern countries like Qatar, where they have helped build the stadiums, hotels, transport systems and entertainment venues that will host fans and players for the upcoming men’s World Cup soccer championship that[ starts November 20](https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022). Qatar has spent more than $200 billion in preparation for the World Cup, a building spree that has brought international attention to the country’s poor labor rights record. Even before FIFA, the international football association that runs the World Cup, invited Qatar to host the tournament in 2010, the country was plagued by allegations of human rights abuses of its migrant labor force, which makes up 85% of the country’s population and comprises a permanent underclass.[ Amnesty](https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/qatar/report-qatar/),[ Human Rights Watch](https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/24/will-qatar-and-fifa-remedy-abuse-migrant-workers),[ labor organizations](https://www.bwint.org/cms/priorities-10/rights-34/migrant-workers-rights-38), and[ other groups](http://5.75.141.147/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Vital%5Fsigns-report-1.pdf) have all documented extortionate recruitment fees, unpaid wages, squalid living conditions, and exploitative contracts that amount to forced labor. **_Read more_**_:_ [_Thousands of Migrant Workers Died in Qatar’s Extreme Heat. The World Cup Forced a Reckoning_](https://time.com/6227277/qatar-extreme-heat-world-cup-2022/) The world’s spotlight forced a kind of a reckoning. In 2017, Qatar started dismantling its “kafala” system of labor sponsorship in which migrants are bound to their employers and cannot change jobs, among other reforms. A[ new report](https://www.ilo.org/beirut/countries/qatar/WCMS%5F859880/lang--en/index.htm) by the International Labor Organization acknowledged that over the past four years Qatar has carried out significant reforms improving the “working and living conditions for hundreds of thousands of workers,” but that “more needs to be done to fully apply and enforce the labor reforms.” And despite the Qatari government’s attempts to differentiate government-supervised world cup construction projects from privately run building sites that don’t live up to official labor standards, a[ new survey](https://www.equidem.org/reports/if-we-complain-we-are-fired) of 60 migrant laborers working on FIFA-related projects by the human rights organization[ Equidem](https://www.equidem.org/about-us) has revealed that discrimination, illegal recruitment practices and, in some cases, unpaid wages, nonetheless took place at World Cup stadium construction sites. The prevalence of these alleged abuses “on worksites so heavily regulated by Qatar, FIFA and their partners,” the organization notes, “suggests that the reforms undertaken over the last five years have acted as cover for powerful businesses that seek to exploit migrant workers with impunity.” **_Read more_**_:_[ _Environmental Crises Are Forcing Millions Into Cities. Can Countries Turn Climate Migrants Into an Asset?_](https://time.com/5953402/climate-migrants-kenya-floods/) Climate change may be driving labor migration from countries like Nepal, but it is also making that work more dangerous, particularly in the Gulf, where temperatures are rising twice as fast as the rest of the planet. That drastically increases the risk to outdoor laborers. Qatar included stringent heat protections in its suite of labor reforms, and the country is now widely regarded as having one of the most progressive heat protection policies in the world, albeit from a very low bar (only a few U.S. states and a handful of countries have any heat protection policies at all). Even then, the policies are only as good as enforcement, and as the failures of other labor reforms demonstrate, enforcement in Qatar can be patchy. Further, those policies are only tailored for current conditions. The climate in the Middle East is expected to warm by 9°F (5°C) by the end of the century, according to a[ June 2022 study](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2021RG000762?) published in the _Reviews of Geophysics._ To keep outdoor laborers safe in those conditions will require a radical overhaul of how construction is done. Some technological solutions, such as[ workwear](https://time.com/6211360/qatar-world-cup-workers-extreme-heat/) that keeps laborers cool, already exist. Others are in the works, such as[ individual monitors](https://www.epicorebiosystems.com/) that can track a worker’s heart rate, hydration levels, and core body temperature in order to prevent heat stress before it happens. But those technologies are expensive. They will only save lives if the lives are considered worth saving. ## Transcript [00:01] The winner to organize the 22. [00:04] FIFA World Cup Qatar. [00:10] The hosting an event of this size requires a lot of separate [00:13] new stadiums, state-of-the-art training facilities and a lot [00:17] more kind of exceed 50 degrees with humidity. [00:29] The 2022 World Cup kicks off in November 5 months later than [00:34] usual. Spare players and fans the worst of the gulf scorching [00:38] summer heat. [00:53] Qatar has been 10 years and two hundred billion dollars preparing [00:57] for these games a building boom. [00:59] And one of the world's hottest places [01:03] and it relied on a global supply chain of Migrant workers [01:06] from the Philippines Bangladesh, India and Nepal. [01:12] Desperate enough to work in any conditions. [02:34] Here or Surrender, no. [02:36] More [02:43] Chaplet of Divine Mercy. [02:51] honey, because some of us, [02:56] I want someone by Cher. [02:59] McDonald's. [03:05] I know I need a happy like when I got it. [03:09] Hey buddy, love you. [03:11] Why do people yawn? [03:22] Montauk. What time, Alabama? [03:28] Comerica Theatre. [03:34] Play Yoshi like Morgan. [03:43] This one's underground, five levels. [03:50] What does it feel like to see these photos? [03:53] I would like to say, happy happy happy. [04:03] Like all workers headed for the gulf surrender tamang, [04:06] passed a health screening before he left Nepal. [04:09] He was hired as a construction worker on a luxury complex [04:12] in downtown Doha. [04:13] It was one of many such projects that sprang up in the rush [04:17] to prepare for the 2022 games in the equivalent to $400 [04:22] a month and spent nearly all of it home. [04:30] But I can see why you're proud. [04:31] It's an amazing structure. [04:41] Add me to take my boo by chambliss South possible. [04:45] Negative. [05:25] AutoZone. [05:44] When was pilate the boys? [05:45] Have we had the tiniest. [05:49] Pakistani video Gana. [05:51] 1911 Livonia. Ave [06:03] And Qatar Sorento suffered headaches and dizzy spells, [06:06] clear signs of heat stress. [06:09] When his job site posters emphasized, the need to stay hydrated [06:14] but he had to pay for his own water. [06:16] And some days when he was working high up on scaffolding, [06:19] he would avoid drinking so we would have to make trips up and [06:22] down to the bathroom. [06:26] When he got too sick to work, [06:27] his employer sent him home. [06:30] By the time he arrived in Kathmandu, [06:31] both his kidneys have stopped functioning the result of heat [06:35] exposure and chronic dehydration. [06:36] According to his doctor, [06:41] Now, 31, he will likely be on dialysis for the rest of his life. [06:50] The cheap aerial system. [06:52] Holy year are also before they endured to the services and still [07:01] we find lots of patients returning with kidney failure to our [07:09] country. [07:11] Presently around. 600% [07:15] are on dialysis at Kidney Center in different branches of Nepal. [07:23] 10% [07:24] of the patients who are on dialysis Adult Center, [07:27] call return [07:35] The climate is getting hotter and this feeling of kidney failure, [07:41] becoming more intense is ready to take care of the building. [07:48] That is his patience. [07:50] Are golf will remain the same attitude, [07:53] no responsibility. [07:57] Aren't they were intense? [07:59] Something has to be done. [08:03] Public Health. Experts, warn that chronic kidney disease [08:06] could become a major health epidemic for outdoor workers [08:10] as a planet continues to warm and migrant workers are especially [08:13] vulnerable. Heat is killing workers, but officials in Qatar, [08:18] rarely acknowledged its role death, certificates record an unusually [08:22] high rate of what is simply called. [08:23] Cardiac Arrest among those young. [08:26] Seemingly healthy men have left home in search of work. [08:30] So we saw a statistic from 2012 to 2020. [08:34] There is 571, Nepali workers who died in Qatar, [08:38] writing caracara, Stoneleigh will not Define. [08:46] Any other languages are what may be the cause of death, [08:48] the death of death of a particular person. [08:54] There should be some antecedent and the contributors [08:57] that was not mentioned in the middle of the death certificate. [09:00] Our body. Can I claim it dies? [09:07] If the temperature is more than 40 degrees, [09:11] Centigrade the person will have some sort of heat-related [09:16] complication. [09:25] Flights from Kathmandu to Doha have increased substantially [09:27] over the last decade, most months have about 150 flights [09:32] on this route. [10:08] In the years since to render left. [10:09] Qatar conditions have actually improved from any laborers, [10:12] we asked a construction company that he worked for about on-site [10:16] heat labor protections, but they did not reply. [10:21] So the Show the World Cup has accelerated, [10:24] the International Labour Organization, along with heat scientists [10:38] were divided to Qatar to study the impact of heat and humidity [10:41] on worker Health. [10:42] The result was legislation that increase the window of summer [10:45] days and which work hours are restricted. [10:47] It also expanded the midday summer work fan by 2 hours. [10:54] Another Innovation is the use of a relatively new measurement [10:58] that combined standard temperature and humidity to determine [11:01] what is called a wet bulb Globe. [11:03] Temperature Index, this measurement is essential to protecting [11:06] outdoor workers because humidity impact the body's ability [11:09] to sweat and the school down. [11:15] when on the wet-bulb temperature index these conditions [11:18] which is 32.1 and the third key measure from this legislation [11:24] is that all out of workers, must undertake an annual health [11:28] screening [11:31] Qatar has eight stadiums ready for the soccer matches spread [11:34] out across Doha. [11:35] We toured Lucedale, the largest of them, [11:38] which will host the final game of the 2022 World Cup. [11:43] Although much criticism has been aimed at Qatar because of World [11:47] Cup construction. The workers building the football stadiums. [11:50] I've actually had some of the safest construction jobs in the [11:53] last decade here and the new regulations have them prove them [11:56] even more [11:57] You can see. [11:59] Today, this is a complete the stadium with air conditioning [12:01] and it's fine when you're building. It [12:03] is not, it feels almost as hot inside. [12:05] This is outside every year. [12:07] There are Lessons Learned every year, the science behind it, [12:09] progresses and the authorities. [12:12] Responsible for defining, those timings begin to understand [12:15] the effect of heat on the workforce and on anybody being outdoors, [12:18] enough time and adjust accordingly rights organization. [12:24] Stay the thousands of Migrant workers have died since. [12:26] Qatar was awarded the rights to host the World Cup. [12:29] However, very few are tied to the stadiums in part. [12:34] This is because the construction has been managed by the government, [12:37] which is in, for stringent worker protection regulations, [12:40] including for the private subcontractors working here. [12:45] Contractors try to play dumb every Samoan. [12:48] So their arms up every summer and say, [12:50] oh, it's summer working hours again and we have to explain [12:54] that. Yes, it is and you're a professional licenses. [12:57] If I contract in the state of Qatar and those of the ministry of [13:00] Labour, Ministry of Labour reported nearly 400, [13:05] violations of the new heat protection policy for outdoor [13:08] workers, reports from local Clinic show that emissions [13:11] for heat stress have actually dropped by more than half from [13:14] last summer. Indicating that the new rules may be working. [13:17] How far is the most advanced in terms of legislation [13:21] when it comes to keep heat regulations much easier to slow things [13:29] down or even something completely? [13:31] When we see things getting out of hand. [13:33] It's much easier to do that now. [13:34] And vile things in before, people are pushed beyond the system [13:38] is. It's a very tough battle against private contractors [13:41] there against the clock. [13:42] They've been paid money to finish, they have liabilities [13:46] on professional Indemnity. [13:47] I need to finish the work and sometimes they do it. [13:49] Regardless of course we needed government permits to visit [13:56] all construction sites including this privately-run [13:59] work site near the sale. [14:01] Officials from the ministry of Labour. [14:03] We're there and workers spoked with only in the presence [14:06] of their supervisors. [14:07] So how have you been told? [14:10] The Kinks as workers here and Doha. [14:23] What would you tell if you had a cousin coming from the Paul [14:29] to work in Doha, what would you tell him to prepare for the Heat? [14:33] Marinara by, I went to school with baking soda, [14:37] take a lot of money. [14:49] Is it easy to follow these rules? [14:50] Your advice? Is it easy? [15:00] The games will go on, but they leave behind questions about [15:05] just how much the world's migrant labor force should be asked [15:08] to sacrifice as wealthy Nations pursue Perpetual growth in a warming [15:13] world. [15:17] the World Cup is not the Finishing Line This between everybody [15:22] recognizes that this is a longer-term and ever and it will take [15:26] time to build [15:35] The Government of Nepal is conflicted when it comes to demanding [15:41] better conditions from the wealthy Nations, that helped deliver [15:44] nearly a third of Nepal's GDP each year. [15:47] Ramen Shop, Kota is a Nepali journalist who has been investigating [15:52] labor conditions for Nepal's overseas, migrant workers. [15:59] So, I mainly writing about the migrations and the displacement, [16:04] you know, you make people away and 2, [16:10] mg in teaspoons to go by writing this issue. [16:16] yo, someone we spoke with the group of men who are where the [16:25] difficult working conditions in the Gulf, but most still plan [16:28] to go, [16:35] Malaysia. [16:39] How do you spell 7 + 51? [17:06] 108. [17:23] back in Kathmandu Surendra, who once dreamed of watching [17:26] the world cup from a stadium in Qatar is instead just trying [17:30] to stay healthy China Wok, [17:38] Let me guess someone else. [17:52] I will keep and anyone see a human Ma? [18:00] But I'm kidney disease. [18:02] How much they can't? [18:02] You guys are going to Downey Park Produce hours in Longview. [18:27] Lottery online. [18:31] I had a big sign. [18:36] Are you dumb? [18:38] The mother garbage anniversary. [18:48] One of these days. ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/6233628/world-cup-climate-change-migrant-workers/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/6233628/world-cup-climate-change-migrant-workers/"},"headline":"Climate Change Drove Nepali Workers to Qatar to Build the World Cup Stadiums. 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