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---
title: Plastic Recycling Was a Myth. We&#x27;re Living the Consequences
description: Oil companies convinced the world that plastic recycling would work. Now it may be too late to undo the damage
canonical: https://time.com/6173859/plastic-recycling-big-oil-damage/
author: Alejandro de la Garza
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article:published_time: 2022-05-05T15:34:34.000Z
article:modified_time: 2026-08-04T08:02:05.545Z
article:section: Climate
og:title: Plastic Recycling was a Myth. We&#x27;re Living the Consequences
og:description: Oil companies convinced the world that plastic recycling would work. Now it may be too late to undo the damage
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og:image:alt: Post Storm Trash
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twitter:title: Plastic Recycling was a Myth. We&#x27;re Living the Consequences
twitter:description: Oil companies convinced the world that plastic recycling would work. Now it may be too late to undo the damage
twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta3813fe987e8efe1/698a3190e76ad2cedf63a08e/plastic-waste-beach.jpg?branch=production&amp;width=1024&amp;quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;crop=16:9
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![](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta3813fe987e8efe1/698a3190e76ad2cedf63a08e/plastic-waste-beach.jpg?branch=production&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9)


# Big Oil Sold the World on a Plastics Recycling Myth. It May Be Too Late to Undo the Damage

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<!-- video src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/CIHrS8Mv.m3u8" -->
## Video: Generation Now: The Fight for Climate Justice

[Watch (HLS stream): Generation Now: The Fight for Climate Justice](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/CIHrS8Mv.m3u8) (14:03)

![Generation Now: The Fight for Climate Justice](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/CIHrS8Mv/poster.jpg?width=720)

_Published 2021-11-05. Today’s young people are coming of age just as the stable climate that has allowed previous generations to thrive on our planet begins to visibly break down—and just before our last chance to stop it falls out of reach._


![Alejandro de la Garza](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltfcd3422721900e91/698a0ab8457a525bafd6396e/200113_TIME_Headshots_Day247831-e1582746091570.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Alejandro de la Garza](https://time.com/author/alejandro-de-la-garza/)


![Alejandro de la Garza](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltfcd3422721900e91/698a0ab8457a525bafd6396e/200113_TIME_Headshots_Day247831-e1582746091570.jpg?branch=production&width=96&quality=75&auto=webp)

## Alejandro de la Garza


May 5, 2022 3:34 PM UTC

![Post Storm Trash](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta3813fe987e8efe1/698a3190e76ad2cedf63a08e/plastic-waste-beach.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3:2)

Post storm debris made up mostly of plastics and vegetation is scattered across the high tide line in Long Beach on Monday, Dec. 2, 2019.

Post storm debris made up mostly of plastics and vegetation is scattered across the high tide line in Long Beach on Monday, Dec. 2, 2019. Scott Varley/MediaNews Group/Torrance Daily Breeze—Getty Images

![Alejandro de la Garza](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltfcd3422721900e91/698a0ab8457a525bafd6396e/200113_TIME_Headshots_Day247831-e1582746091570.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Alejandro de la Garza](https://time.com/author/alejandro-de-la-garza/)


![Alejandro de la Garza](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltfcd3422721900e91/698a0ab8457a525bafd6396e/200113_TIME_Headshots_Day247831-e1582746091570.jpg?branch=production&width=96&quality=75&auto=webp)

## Alejandro de la Garza


May 5, 2022 3:34 PM UTC

A few weeks ago, my friend Brett Pogostin showed me a photograph of his girlfriend, Angie, taken on Padre Island National Seashore on the Texas Gulf Coast. They had driven 200 miles from Houston to visit this 60-mile stretch of undeveloped barrier island, which reaches south from Corpus Christi, Texas, towards the Mexican border. But when they stopped and got out of their car, they found the shoreline littered with plastic—old diapers, water bottles, and plastic detergent jugs. Bathers had set up their blankets and umbrellas amid the trash, and children made sand castles between pieces of plastic junk. Brett and Angie got back in the car and drove close to 30 miles trying to find a stretch of unpolluted beach, and finally gave up. Brett took a photograph: Angie smiling beneath a gray sky, bits of plastic garbage mixed in the sand at her feet.

The world is in the midst of a plastic waste crisis. Every year, the world produces about [400 million tons](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=90d594017c6ba22de8cc902a178a2d7f105d3a3455ee932966af065a50f783f6f74bfaa31ee9fb2162f904f15868ee24fd718b106e89a47bc9ed6dd737629a2c) of plastic. In the U.S. barely [6% of that waste](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=90d594017c6ba22dd6cf2ba6b591e9b8926ffbc6b8403f80b0d1c47534e11c4c0259158aebe33b2e812d2cb4fb9473b10d6eb0080f8f2cf38185e7d2fbadca0d) was recycled last year, down from around 9% in 2018, as nations like China stop taking U.S. plastic. The vast majority of the waste ends up in landfills, in the oceans, or spread across the land, an endless tide of chemically indestructible junk, polluting our coastlines, infiltrating ecosystems and, when it breaks down into microscopic fragments, entering our bodies, with unknown health repercussions.

For years, the fossil fuel industry has been turning oil and natural gas into plastics in massive, heavily-emitting “cracker” plants. In anticipation of shrinking fossil-fuel demand, it is currently investing [$400 billion](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=90d594017c6ba22dbbc79a5affbd312cbc12c72b3e190782f809a14cb5ca521b5eec91e820e0ae15832242f00a5a6f1c8285045d275b30af15f018cae7bd78c4) to expand plastic production—including a $10 billion ExxonMobil-Saudi Basic Industries Corp. facility being built a few dozen miles from Padre Island, across Corpus Christi Bay. The result, according to [one 2020 study](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=90d594017c6ba22ddc4023204e3a7bbbb642b539f9c72cc1903b52753c03243928b748e8a2c55dca060173f14cdf0faed5eab3c95bcf445fc3d7446344c0f98c): 1.3 billion metric tons more plastic dumped into our environment by 2040.


---

**_A version of this story first appeared in the_** **Climate is Everything** **_newsletter. To sign up,_** [**_click here_**](https://cloud.newsletters.time.com/newsletters/?newsletter%5Fname=climate&source=onsite)**_._**

---

For years, the folks selling that plastic have avoided blame for the ecological mess their products have caused, mainly by promoting a largely [false set of promises](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=90d594017c6ba22d294ecd88d786b269ac95a9aad80a90c7f0a56641a52b5d258730dfa1b625d2ec5581b8092206fef24aeca3076dbb4ffcec9c316cf42736e1) about our ability to recycle plastics, along with a narrative—advertised in countless anti-litter commercials—that dealing with plastic waste was the responsibility of consumers, not producers. But that may be changing. Last week, California’s Attorney General [opened an investigation](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=90d594017c6ba22d8198ada13a7c7ff904022bfcecd2025469e4bc0c786af8dcb947c079a320524b3bcb781a23da2a4b10b39bbff81a51351cf6912a0e13afa2) into fossil fuel and petrochemicals companies, accusing them of perpetuating a decades-long disinformation campaign.


Such an inquiry has never been attempted before. And it will likely add to mounting pressure the industry has been experiencing recently. The plastics industry has a “target on its back,” Tony Radoszewski, president of the Plastics Industry Association, [told attendees](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=90d594017c6ba22dcf68adac5047f06983b62bd4f02b15a0e2e18acb4e0c308ff775e22f43e8bff351e095a63969173705dbabb27a26e899d1d03458c28175d1) at an event last summer. “Some people are trying to put us out of business.”

![ExxonMobil And Sabic Gulf Coast Growth Ventures Petrochemical Plant Media Tour](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltaac5797d46468017/698a3186b3fce319d90c9371/exxon-sabic-plastics-plant-texas.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

ExxonMobil Corp. and Saudi Basic Industries Corp. Gulf Coast Growth Ventures petrochemical complex under construction in Gregory, Texas, U.S., on Wednesday, July 28, 2021\. The plastics plant will be the world's largest steam cracker. Eddie Seal—Bloomberg/Getty Images

Around the world, 71% of people think single-use plastic products should be banned, according to a 2019 [Ipsos survey](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=90d594017c6ba22da0c67cdd1c7a8b28dfdeea6f3178a96205b20c4023feb461bd919aa15b811680063bfe59691e66173e089d5271339cac603a0ca9c807c421). Many [African nations](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=90d594017c6ba22ddd210256690d427739e79c4b558f89fc11e8aaf82e1f06cb2644dc2ad370d24f2400ad8eb5fbff41568d58515e571e80dc23f842962a159b) have outlawed plastic bags in recent years, while the E.U. [banned](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=90d594017c6ba22d171bffdd6c4955a15ecbb38a9860af2482a18f76a1a38f6ec9fead518308620d98f352c4c3fd6cd9c363b85b9de897a63ba8033e919a5371) many single-use plastic items last summer. Last month, [Los Angeles County](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=67ee0d68690350ef6aafda21793be6403731b1c30a14130d17e28f70a1e6a27c94abae0f2d74fc292146b40937ef6dd8bb3ff76136917465f04851b4ccceb310) blocked restaurants from selling food in plastic containers that can’t be composted or recycled.


I’m fascinated by the question of what causes a person, city, or country to change their view towards plastics, given how difficult it can be to accept that there is something monstrously wrong with the world you take for granted. Evidence accumulates, and we relegate it to that dusty section of our minds reserved for the terrible things about the world that are too overwhelming or omnipresent to really think about. Then, some new bit of information, a thought, a feeling, hits from a different angle, cracks the dam, and suddenly the sheer awfulness of the whole situation—of a world clogged, in every crevice, with plastic junk—spills out into the open.

For some, that moment came back in 2015, when a [video](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=67ee0d68690350ef64b0afd394ed49d07bcf4a8c5b085c12dd1ad6d079dfeff469a14e59178d7e2b7b8a8df7e0f58ac6df7129a95c7597b9650d65af742c6ec1) of researchers yanking a plastic straw out of a sea turtle’s nose went viral. For others it was [reading](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=67ee0d68690350ef243e5e4ce405c353a6b9408e3d59b27ba5dcac547e708bee8da61e740686853f4bf40a7f48ec9ae9e2fe8b429239e476703dd93bb511b0dd) about the plastics industry’s deception campaign around recycling. For my editor Kyla Mandel, new research on how microplastics are turning up in [human blood ](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=67ee0d68690350ef2e4248dd01c693fb1efb26d24f343a782debbeec7f85a90ab24ec8b7e4a09c744ab88fd838721cacd9316e91a0f91d6dfd410b27d9aad963)redoubled anxiety about what plastics were doing to us. For my friend Brett, it was the trip to Padre Island that did it. Upon returning, he purged all the disposable plastic that he could from his life. He ordered sheets of dissolvable laundry detergent, and bought toilet paper packaged in a cardboard box. “Hope you enjoy that meal,” he’d say, seeing a coworker sit down with a pile of plastic containers, “because the planet is going to be enjoying it forever.”


Brett’s right on that point. The plastic we put into the world will be with us for hundreds of years, floating up on shores and circulating through our bodies—and those of our children, and our children’s children. There’s hope of [stemming the flow](https://click.newsletters.time.com/?qs=90d594017c6ba22ddc4023204e3a7bbbb642b539f9c72cc1903b52753c03243928b748e8a2c55dca060173f14cdf0faed5eab3c95bcf445fc3d7446344c0f98c) of new plastic pollution if we manage to hold off corporate plans to keep expanding plastic production until we choke on it. But the tragedy of an irrevocably-changed world is already here.

“There was more plastic on that beach than anyone could ever pick up,” Brett said. “And even if you did, there’s infinitely more out in the ocean, and more would just wash up.”

It was that grief for what we’ve lost that woke me up. Brett has always loved the world’s wild places, and he spoke of Padre Island with a tone of indignation. But there was pain beneath the anger, a hint of something like heartbreak. And when I heard it, something in me broke, too.


## Transcript

[Namrata Iyer]: I think some of the biggest challenges my generation faces is convincing the previous generations about why it's important to talk about what we believe in. [Greta Thunberg]: We can't choose between us young people saying to adults you must behave but we can't wait for us to become the ones in charge because we don't have time for that. [Timothée Chalamet]: Your youth does not have to work against you by way of experience, your youth can be a virtue by way of what you ethically and earnestly expect of the world. [Billie Eilish]: People can be so selfish about the environment and their experience versus the globe and literally our lifespan.

[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]: The America we grew up in is like nothing like the America our parents or grandparents grew up in. [Nyke Slawik]: When you have young people who are confronted with not having a future at all of course this is going to radicalize a whole generation. This is a question of survival basically. [John Kerry]: I don't doubt that we will get to a net zero carbon economy. Will we get there fast enough to heed the science and avoid the worst consequences? That's the battle. That's what we're trying to do with Glasgow. [Thunberg]: What do we want? [Audience]: Climate justice.

[Thunberg]: When do we want it? [Audience]: Now. [Thunberg]: What do we want? [Audience]: Climate justice. [Thunberg]: When do we want it? [Audience]: Now. [Thunberg]: Thank you. [Justin Worland]: This generation has reframed the way we talk and think about climate to make it an issue of intergenerational justice. The question is will this anger turn into action? Will leaders who have been listening actually take the message to heart and do something about it? [Kerry]: Our diplomacy is guided by what the scientists are telling us we must achieve. Three years ago they had a report in 2018 the IPCC gave us 12 years within which to make the critical decisions to avoid the worst consequences of the climate crisis.

[Hoesung Lee]: Limiting warming to 1.5 degrees is not impossible but will require unprecedented transitions in all aspects of society. [Worland]: It was alarming in its the seriousness with which it portrayed the consequences of climate change. We're talking about hundreds of millions of people migrating. We're talking about the possibility of countries disappearing in their entirety. We're talking about a world that is totally transformed. Already 85 percent of the world's population has been affected by human-caused climate change. [Jim Skea]: The message is over to governments at this stage.

We've told you what you—the scientific facts, the evidence, the costs. It is up to the governments now to decide what to do with it. [Ciara Nugent]: We've had loads and loads of reports about climate change over the last couple of decades and the massive threat to our planet but despite all of the science there are still people who are skeptical about how much of a big deal it really is. And I think for those people it's much harder to dismiss young people, normal school kids because they're part of their communities, they're part of their families often. [Nyke Slawik]: What we need is politicians who implement the policies in their home countries and that's—that's what has not been happening in the last years.

And so now young people are saying why go to school? Why go to university? Why start planning a family? Why buy a house when I don't even know that in 50 years time or 70 years time I will still have a future, because right now that's at stake. [Ocasio-Cortez]: If we do nothing this is what's going to happen: sea levels are going rise, crops are going to die out, there will be mass starvation. There's going to be all of these things that are going to happen and kids see that, they internalize it. [Charlotte Alter]: Researchers have found that young voters form their lifelong political attitudes in response to the events of their early adulthood, mostly late teens into the late 20s.

And for millennials and gen z that period of time has been defined by climate catastrophe. [Christian Hidalgo]: I'm from Bakersfield, California, central valley. Earlier today I've been getting snapchats from all of my friends talking about how orange the sky is because of the wildfire surrounding us. The closest wildfire is probably not even 60 miles away but we have horrible air quality like we're—I'm in the middle of the valley and it just it really strongly affects us and that's what—that's what's drawn me to climate activism. [Isabella Guariniello]: This is my first strike ever. I watched a bunch of like sad penguin videos on YouTube and I started to get really sad when I learned about the effects of animals and like how much earth that we're actually losing.

It's hard not to get discouraged when you're constantly learning about what people before you did wrong. [Sassy Fernandez]: Like I remember being in elementary school and watching Al Gore's documentary about climate change and the effects that we could be seeing within the next 10, 15 years and so far he's been pretty right about everything that he said in his documentary. I totally forgot what it was called but shout outs to my science teacher. [Thunberg]: We are being betrayed by those in power and they are failing us but we will not back down. And if you feel threatened by that then I have some very bad news for you.

We will not be silenced because we are the change and change is coming whether you like it or not. We need to work together intergenerational of course that is the only way and we need to—everyone needs to participate and help out in the way we can. So I'm doing what I can. I'm trying to use my voice to spread awareness and to—to put pressure on those in power. [Alter]: When TIME put Greta on the cover in 2019 she had just gone from being a school girl protesting alone outside of Swedish parliament to being the leader of a global climate movement. That year her activism inspired four million people to join the global climate strike in 2019 which was at that point the largest climate movement in world history.

[Worland]: Across the world with very few exceptions there are examples of people who have been inspired by her and have led—who've taken up the mantle the Fridays for Future movement in countries across the world. [Thunberg]: I'm not a leader or the face of the climate movement, I'm just one of many faces. [Vanessa Nakate]: There are far too little evidence of the 100 billion dollars per year that was promised to help climate vulnerable countries to meet these challenges. In fact, those funds were promised to arrive by 2020 and we are still waiting. [Nugent]: Vanessa Nakate, a Ugandan climate activist, is one of many people who have been working to remind us that climate action is going to be expensive and many countries who are most vulnerable to climate change can't afford to pay for it alone.

[Nakate]: Historically Africa is responsible for only three percent of global emissions and yet some Africans are already suffering some of the worst and brutal impacts of climate change, so to me climate justice doesn't just have to be about reducing greenhouse gas emissions it goes beyond the primary disasters that we see. It is what happens in the aftermath of those disasters, what happens to families, what happens to individuals, what happens to communities. [Worland]: You think about the fact that the U.S. has emitted a quarter of emissions historically. Africa has emitted three percent of emissions historically and the U.S.

is able to isolate itself, to pay for adaptation, to pay for the costs in a way that developing countries in sub-saharan Africa and across the globe just can't. And so climate change is a justice issue on many different levels. [Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]: We we have to bear in mind that whether you're rich or poor, a rich country or poor country, there are some things you just cannot do on your own. You can't deliver on this pandemic on your own, you cannot deliver on climate change on your own. [Nakate]: So what we really want is a future that is healthy, that is sustainable, that is clean, that is livable and equitable for all of us.

[Nugent]: Some of the activists that I speak to are realizing they can't wait for the older generation to take action so they're trying to get elected to governments themselves. In Germany, the Green Party has really been in the ascendancy. In September they've almost doubled their number of seats in parliament and one of the 118 lawmakers they now have is Nyke Slawik. She's a 27 year old German politician who was elected in September to the Bundestag and she has been involved in climate activism for almost 12 years and now she has political power to make a difference. [Slawik]: The time of just implementing small changes has passed and this is a reality we as younger politicians are bringing with us to the parliament now but of course there's lots of older colleagues who have not quite grasped this yet, and I think this is why we might be more determined to not go for the small compromises, to be a bit more rebellious about these things.

The last German government has decided to exit coal in 2038 which is still too late way too late but now we even have the chance to accelerate energy transition from coal to renewables way quicker and that's a major achievement of the youth climate movement. [Alter]: In the United States young voters across the political spectrum understand that climate change is a major issue that needs to be addressed, they just disagree on how best to do it. So even younger Republicans, Republicans under 40, they understand that climate change is happening, they understand that something has to be done about it, they just don't agree with their more progressive peers about the scale and scope of what that intervention needs to be.

So this is a big shift from a couple generations ago when you had one side insisting that climate change was a problem and the other side basically denying that it was happening at all. [Worland]: When TIME spoke to Emmanuel Macron, the President of France, he spoke about how the youth movement had made him want to do better. When I talked to the U.N. Secretary General he talked about how he was trying to bring youth into the climate discussion because it had enthused him and he thought it would help change the conversation. Talking to members of Congress about how inspirational Greta was really made clear to me that she was changing the conversation.

[Nugent]: In my reporting activists are telling me that COP 26 is a crucial moment to find out if politicians are really listening to them and really taking action or if they're just saying they're listening and delaying action. [Nakate]: Leaders keep praising young people for standing up and protesting but saving the world needs action, it needs decisions from the leaders, decisions that prioritize the lives of the people and the planet, and that is not something that we are doing. The words of the leaders are not matching up with their actions. [Thunberg]: Words. Words that sound great but so far has led to no action.

Our hopes and dreams drown in their empty words and promises. Of course we need constructive dialogue but they've now had 30 years of blah blah blah and where has that led us? [Jane Goodall]: I'm about to leave the world and leave it behind me with all the mess whereas young people have to grow up into it. That's why they need every bit of help they can. And if, you know, if they succumb to the doom and gloom ,which many have, then they lose hope. If you lose hope that's the end, because if you don't hope that there's a way out, if you don't hope that your actions can make a difference then you sink into apathy and do nothing.

So hope is absolutely crucial if we're to get through this. [Singing]: We're going to strike because our waters are rising. We're going to strike because our people are dying. We're going to strike for life and everything we love. We're going to strike for you, will you strike for us? We're going to strike for you, will you strike for us? We're going to strike because our waters are rising. We're going to strike because our people are dying. We're going to strike for life and everything we love. We're going to strike for you, will you strike for us? We're going to strike for you, will you strike for us?

Beautiful.

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