The History Behind TIME’s Use of a Red ‘X’ on Its Cover

One of the covers of TIME’s Nov. 11, 2024, issue features a giant “X” over the face of slain Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar, who is said to have plotted the Oct. 7, 2023 attacks on Israel that set off the ongoing Israel-Hamas war.

The latest “X” cover is part of a long tradition saved for some of the worst foes humanity has faced in the magazine’s history. TIME has used a red “X” to cross out various things on its cover only five other times. The first time was 75 years ago, in 1945, to mark the death of Adolf Hitler (and later that year, a black “X” over Japan’s rising sun marked the end of the war in the Pacific theater).

The second use of the “X” came in 2003. This time it crossed out Saddam Hussein at the beginning of the Iraq war. The third “X” on TIME’s cover happened in 2006, when U.S. forces killed Abu Mousab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. The most recent usage of the “X” was in 2011, for the killing of Osama bin Laden.

TIME used the X to symbolize “the end of a long struggle,” from World War II to milestones in the war on terrorism, and in 2020, the world battles the COVID-19 virus. Just as TIME acknowledged that bin Laden’s May 2, 2011, death was “the end of an era in some ways, but not the end of our struggle against terrorism,” so TIME’s use of the red X in Dec. 2020 marks the end of a historic year, but not the end of the battle to curb the spread of this deadly virus.

That May 20, 2011, issue featuring the “X” over bin Laden’s face on the cover, also included reflections on how the 9/11 attacks affected Americans on the home front. TIME’s then-Editor-in-Chief Rick Stengel wrote about how Miami bureau chief Tim Padgett tracked down some of the children who were reading The Pet Goat with President George W. Bush in their second-grade classroom when Bush learned that the U.S. had been attacked: "These kids, now high school juniors, had a front-row seat to history. Lazaro Dubrocq, 17, remembers seeing the President’s horrified expression and recalls how his heart started racing. That day in the classroom had a lasting impact, Dubrocq says: it 'motivated me to get a better handle on the world and to want to help improve the world.' That goes on, even with bin Laden gone."

Not all foes have been specific people. The year “2020” got the big red “X” treatment to mark the year of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns worldwide. “This is the story of a year you’ll never want to revisit,” Stephanie Zacharek wrote in the Dec. 14, 2020 essay. “Our most debilitating threat this year was a sense of helplessness, and it ran unchecked.”