![Workers at a colocation center build out a server rack. New York, NY. Workers replace cables at a telecommunications hub in New York where companies exchange Internet traffic to boost efficiency.](https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/america-innovation-internet-research.jpg?quality=85&w=2400)
Isaacson, a former editor of TIME and an acclaimed biographer of Steve Jobs, Albert Einstein, among others, is the author of the new book Elon Musk
For the past 50 years, the rational exuberance of the American economy has been propelled by the combination of three innovations: the computer, the microchip and the Internet. The research and development that produced each came from a triangular alliance of government, academia and private business.
This tripartite machine of government working with universities and private corporations was not merely a random array with each group pursuing its own aims. Instead, during and after World War II, the three groups had been purposely fused into an innovation triangle.
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