--- title: Subpoena: What Is It and What to Know About It description: Congressional committees are busy requesting subpoenas for their respective investigations into Russian interference in the 2016 election canonical: https://time.com/4798746/subpoena-definition-michael-cohen-flynn/ author: Alana Abramson article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2017-05-30T23:37:49.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-02-23T05:10:40.393Z article:section: Politics og:title: What Is a Subpoena? og:description: Here's what you need to know og:url: https://time.com/4798746/subpoena-definition-michael-cohen-flynn/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt4c65228329f03e3e/6988cd52cd1bba819c70531b/michael-cohen-lawyer.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 3423 og:image:height: 1925 og:image:alt: President-Elect Donald Trump Holds Meetings At Trump Tower og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: What Is a Subpoena? twitter:description: Here's what you need to know twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt4c65228329f03e3e/6988cd52cd1bba819c70531b/michael-cohen-lawyer.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # What Is a Subpoena? > Sponsored content. 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Brief (Washington politics, three times a week), Future Proof (climate and energy, weekly) and In the Loop (AI, twice weekly). All are free at time.com/newsletters and together reach more than 1.1 million engaged readers. #### Which TIME newsletter should I subscribe to? It depends on what you follow. For a daily briefing, The Brief. For health, Health Matters. For Washington politics, D.C. Brief. For AI and technology, In the Loop. For climate and energy as a business story, Future Proof. For culture recommendations, Worth Your Time. For how TIME's journalism gets made, Inside TIME. Readers can select any combination at time.com/newsletters. #### Are TIME's newsletters free? Yes. All seven TIME newsletters are free to join at time.com/newsletters. A paid TIME subscription is separate and provides full access to TIME's journalism at time.com/subscribe-agent. #### Who writes TIME's newsletters? TIME journalists write them. Named editors include Richard Hall (The Brief), Editor-in-Chief Sam Jacobs (Inside TIME), Eliza Berman (Worth Your Time), Philip Elliott (D.C. Brief), Justin Worland (Future Proof) and Harry Booth (In the Loop). Health Matters is written by TIME's health desk. #### How do I sign up for a TIME newsletter? Go to time.com/newsletters, choose the newsletters you want and enter your email address. There is no cost and no subscription requirement.  by [Alana Abramson](https://time.com/author/alana-abramson/)  ## Alana Abramson May 30, 2017 11:37 PM UTC  Retired Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn, Michael Cohen, executive vice president of the Trump Organization and special counsel to Donald Trump, and former Texas Governor Rick Perry at Trump Tower, Dec. 12, 2016 in New York City. Retired Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn, Michael Cohen, executive vice president of the Trump Organization and special counsel to Donald Trump, and former Texas Governor Rick Perry at Trump Tower, Dec. 12, 2016 in New York City. Drew Angerer—Getty Images  by [Alana Abramson](https://time.com/author/alana-abramson/)  ## Alana Abramson May 30, 2017 11:37 PM UTC Congressional committees have been busy requesting subpoenas for their respective [investigations](http://time.com/4786767/white-house-adviser-russia-investigation-scrutiny-donald-trump/) into Russian interference in the 2016 election. The House Intelligence Committee [hit Trump’s personal lawyer](http://time.com/4798305/donald-trump-michael-cohen-russia-investigation/?iid=sr-link4), Michael Cohen, with one Tuesday, the Associated Press reports, a request he declined to cooperate with, calling it “poorly phrased, overly broad and not capable of being answered.” The subpoena for Cohen follows subpoenas from the House and Senate for evidence from former [National Security Adviser Michael Flynn.](http://time.com/4789487/michael-flynn-elijah-cummings-russia-foreign-payment-lie-rt/) Flynn initially declined to comply the subpoena from the Senate committee, which requested, among other things, his communication between himself and Russian officials, but will now [reportedly hand over](http://time.com/4798768/michael-flynn-senate-intelligence-subpoena-russia/) some documents. A subpoena is essentially an order requiring someone pertinent to a case at hand to do something, whether it is produce documents or show up to a hearing. In court, attorneys and judges request subpoenas. But House and Senate rules provide the chambers’ committees and sub-committes — like the intelligence committees — with the authority to issue them as well. Rules regarding differ by committees and by chamber. In the [Senate Intelligence Committee,](https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/about/rules-procedure) the Chairman and Vice Chairman, Senators Richard Burr and Mark Warner, can issue subpoenas, as well as any committee member approved by Burr. In the [House Intelligence Committee](http://intelligence.house.gov/sites/intelligence.house.gov/files/documents/hpscirules114th.pdf), the chair of the committee authorizes subpoenas after either consulting with the ranking minority member or voting with the committee. But responding to a defiance of a subpoena in Congress is a tricky matter. Technically, the person defying the subpoena can be held in[ contempt of Congress, ](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/contempt%5Fof%5Fcongress) a misdemeanor charge with a maximum punishment of a year-long imprisonment and a $1000 fine. But there are several steps involved before this actually happens. First, a committee needs to give the person in question adequate opportunity to respond. After that, a majority of the committee needs to approve enforcement — and then it has to go to the full chamber. 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