Following Benin's Gasoline Smugglers

A Beninese trafficker buys petrol in a Nigerian fuel station, close to the border of the region of Plateau in Benin, for its subsequent transportation to its home country. In the transaction they use the Naira, the Nigerian currency.

Javier Corso

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An employee of the Nigerian petrol station pushing a barrel full of petrol.

Javier Corso

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One of the employees of the Nigerian petrol station counts money with a trafficker.

Javier Corso

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A roadside checkpoint.

Javier Corso

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Ifagni, in the region called Plateau, is the center of the illegal trafficking of petrol between Nigeria and Benin. That’s one of the shortest and safest waterways to bypass the border controls, to unload thousands of drums.

Javier Corso

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Drums of petrol are smuggled from Nigeria to Benin.

Javier Corso

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When the goods arrive on Beninese soil, hundreds of drivers wait on the seashore with their motorbikes marked with the initials of their leaders. The first task of the motorcyclists is to identify the drums to load them up on their motorbikes.

Javier Corso

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These motorcyclists are called kamikazes as the smallest road accident could kill dozens of people due to the large quantities of petrol they transport.

Javier Corso

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The mission of these kamikazes is to drive the vehicles from the sinuous paths in the jungle to the paved roads where they will sell the petrol they transport.

Javier Corso

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The 100cc motorbike is favored method of transport in the county.

Javier Corso

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Children and women are often responsible for selling the trafficked petrol on market stalls.

Javier Corso

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Each refueling stall is usually manned by two people: one who pours petrol, while the other filters the impurities with a rag.

Javier Corso

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A child counts how much he made from his sale of petrol.

Javier Corso

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May 23, 2016 9:12 AM EDT

It’s midday in Porto-Novo, Benin. The sun is at its high point in the small agricultural village as a man flies across the dirt roads on a 100cc motorbike, leading 20 other riders. It would be harmless, save for the eight handmade containers holding up to 53 gallons of gasoline strapped to the vehicle which, if it crashed in the village, would trigger a chain reaction that could kill hundreds.

Today, nearly 150,000 barrels of gasoline are pilfered each day to feed the illicit trade, supplying more than 75% of gasoline that Benin consumes. Beninese traffickers buy petrol in Nigeria, where it is cheaper. They sell it in roadside stalls around the entire country at sometimes half the usual price.

Spanish photographer Javier Corso traveled to Benin to investigate the vast network of gasoline smuggling from Nigeria to Benin. His photo essay, Essence du Bénin (gasoline, in English), is part of the first venture for the newly launched Oak Stories agency—a collaboration with journalist Neus Marmol and videographer Lautaro Bolaño.

Corso followed Kamikazis or human bombs, as they are called, from the Nigerian gas stations; to the road or lake as the fuel was transported; all the way to the stations manned by women and children in Porto-Novo, Benin.

Corso’s high contrast black-and-white images offer an unfettered glimpse into the day in, day out of Beninese citizens living in a poor agricultural country with high unemployment rates. Many who work in the fields depend on additional employment to feed their family. With few other alternatives, illegal trafficking of petrol is necessary to survival. “We cannot wipe away this illegal trade without starving thousands of families in Benin,” Marmol tells TIME. “The problem is so intertwined with all parts of the population that to end it overnight would both paralyze the nation’s economy and spur a revolution.”

Javier Corso is a documentary photographer based in Spain. Neus Marmol is a producer and journalist. Both are founding members of OAK Stories Agency.

Rachel Lowry is a writer and contributor for TIME LightBox. Follow her on Twitter and Instagram.