--- title: How to Do Problem-Solving Right description: We have to be humble about our knowledge, or lack of it. canonical: https://time.com/4085450/problem-solving-advice/ author: Shane Parrish article:opinion: true article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2015-10-28T04:01:57.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-03-31T08:50:29.063Z article:section: Ideas og:title: How to Do Problem-Solving Right og:description: We have to be humble about our knowledge, or lack of it og:url: https://time.com/4085450/problem-solving-advice/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt078fbd9a0200478e/6988699fcd1bba12526fdcb1/man-writing-whiteboard.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 675 og:image:alt: man-writing-whiteboard og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: How to Do Problem-Solving Right twitter:description: We have to be humble about our knowledge, or lack of it twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt078fbd9a0200478e/6988699fcd1bba12526fdcb1/man-writing-whiteboard.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # How to Do Problem-Solving Right by [Shane Parrish](https://time.com/author/shane-parrish/) ## Shane Parrish Oct 28, 2015 4:01 AM UTC  Businessman writing on whiteboard Businessman writing on whiteboardGetty Images by [Shane Parrish](https://time.com/author/shane-parrish/) ## Shane Parrish Oct 28, 2015 4:01 AM UTC They think that the reasons for something are immediately accessible to them, even if they have no clue. No matter how complex or difficult, no problem results in an “I don’t know.” They are the fragilista. Frequently found wearing suits and spending a lot of time in meetings, they prefer to tinker with things they do not understand rather than doing nothing. This isn’t my idea, it’s Nassim Taleb’s. In [_Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder_](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0812979680/ref=as%5Fli%5Fqf%5Fsp%5Fasin%5Fil%5Ftl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0812979680&linkCode=as2&tag=farnamstreet-20&linkId=KYTDXK3BDQQF3YS3), he writes: --- > “” --- Fragilistas are naive rationalists. They think that the reasons for things are, by default, accessible to them. They know the cause and effect of everything, or at least that’s what they think. Because they mistake what they don’t know for the non-existent, they exhibit a strong — if mistaken — regard for the powers of reason. They lack humility and respect for the first law of ecology: **we can never do merely one thing.** Any action we take, and in this case inaction is a course of action, results in some unwanted consequences. According to Taleb, the problem with the fragilista is that they “_make you engage in policies and actions, all artificial, in which the benefits are small and visible, and the side effects (are) potentially severe and invisible._” **Fragilistas are everywhere**. They are the doctors who intervene too much in the body’s natural ability to heal, prescribing powerful medications with small benefit and possibly severe side effects. There is the management fragilista who: (1) introduces a bureaucratic solution to what is really a people problem; (2) manages by best-seller; (3) seeks refuge in the false security of best-practices; (4) fails to come up with reasonable benchmarks for judging performance of solutions; (5) does everything and thus does nothing; etc. There is the policy fragilista who feels that continuous interventions into the financial market are necessary for stability. In [_Filters Against Folly_](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0140077294/ref=as%5Fli%5Fqf%5Fsp%5Fasin%5Fil%5Ftl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0140077294&linkCode=as2&tag=farnamstreet-20), Garrett Hardin writes: --- > “” --- The point isn’t to avoid risk or even intervention but rather to be humble about our knowledge, or lack of it. To know when we should avoid small, immediate, and visible benefits that introduce the possibility for large (and possibly invisible) side effects. Less is more. This isn’t foolproof but one possible way to counter the fragilista is to [ensure rationale](http://www.farnamstreetblog.com/2013/07/how-your-organization-can-improve-decision-making/) is explicitly (and publicly) stated up front. When we mess with an existing (complex) system we’re intervening; we can never do merely one thing. **_This piece originally appeared on_** [**_Farnam Street_**](https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/2013/07/the-fragilista/)**_._** **Join over 60,000 readers and get a free weekly update via email** [**here**](http://www.farnamstreetblog.com/newsletter/)**.** ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"OpinionNewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/4085450/problem-solving-advice/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/4085450/problem-solving-advice/"},"headline":"How to Do Problem-Solving Right","datePublished":"2015-10-28T04:01:57.000Z","dateModified":"2026-03-31T08:50:29.063Z","description":"We have to be humble about our knowledge, or lack of it.","url":"https://time.com/4085450/problem-solving-advice/","keywords":["Psychology","Culture"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt078fbd9a0200478e/6988699fcd1bba12526fdcb1/man-writing-whiteboard.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Shane Parrish","jobTitle":"","url":"https://time.com/author/shane-parrish/"}],"articleSection":"Ideas","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt078fbd9a0200478e/6988699fcd1bba12526fdcb1/man-writing-whiteboard.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"man-writing-whiteboard","caption":"man-writing-whiteboard","creditText":"Getty Images","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/ideas/","name":"Ideas"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/psychology/","name":"Psychology"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/4085450/problem-solving-advice/","name":"How to Do Problem-Solving Right"}}]}] ```