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Salvador Dalí performing for the Morning Show on CBS-TV, 1956Philippe Halsman Archive
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The Versatile Jean Cocteau, 1949. This photo ran in LIFE. This is an image showing Halsman's mounted final print.Philippe Halsman Archive
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Midsummer’s Night Mare, 1949. This image shows a final print retouched with gouache by Salvador Dali.Philippe Halsman Archive
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Martha Graham in Letter to the World, 1946Philippe Halsman Archive
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Pages of the mock-ups for Halsman's book "Dalí’s Mustache," 1953-54.Philippe Halsman Archive
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Anjelica Huston, 1968.Philippe Halsman Archive
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Micheline Levy, 1938.Philippe Halsman Archive
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Paulette Goddard, 1949.Philippe Halsman Archive
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Muhammad Ali, 1963.Philippe Halsman Archive
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Marilyn Monroe acting out the part of someone being confronted by a monster, 1949.Philippe Halsman Archive
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Marilyn Monroe carrying dumb-bells, 1952.Philippe Halsman Archive
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Andy Warhol, 1968.Philippe Halsman Archive
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Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, 1968.Philippe Halsman Archive
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Winston Churchill, 1951.Philippe Halsman Archive
Few portrait photographers could claim to be as prolific, or as well-regarded, as Philippe Halsman. One of the premier photographers of the 20th Century, by any measure, the Latvian native shot a whopping 101 covers for LIFE magazine and regularly shot for TIME. He counted Salvador Dali, Jean Cocteau and other notable artists and cultural figures among his friends, and produced consistently strong work throughout his career.
Most widely known, perhaps, for his shot Dali Atomicus (which shows the Spanish surrealist floating alongside cats, chairs and blobs of water), Halsman seemed to take his work so seriously that he could afford to let it be playful, exuberant and downright fun. In fact, this signature levity emerged from strict, self-imposed rules that could be capsulized in a simple dictum: “Make it simple, and make it interesting.”
Now an exhibition and book, both called Astonish Me!, shed more light on the process involved in creating his work, while revealing rarely seen Halsman photos. Among some of the most surprising images are his shot of an apparently floating Maharishi Mahesh Yogi; a gobsmacked-looking Muhammad Ali; and Winston Churchill, evidently lost in thought, shot from the back. Revealing, too, is a picture of a hardly recognizable Marilyn Monroe acting as if she is being scared by a monster, and Anjelica Huston poking her head out from a bed of flowers.
And Halsman’s process? In short, he was as interested in psychology as he was in photography, and used it to help him produce high-quality work. He’d research his subjects’ interests, for example, and spend hours engaging with them on those topics. This artful melding of psychology and portraiture allowed his work to be frank, honest and playful.
“He wanted people to forget the camera,” Irene Halsman, his daughter, tells TIME. “He was genuinely interested in them. He really wanted to portray their essence.”
Astonish Me! runs at the Musée de l’Élysée in Lausanne, Switzerland from January 29 to May 11, 2014.
Richard Conway is Reporter/Producer for TIME LightBox. Follow him on twitter @RichardJConway
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