--- title: Carbon Dioxide Reaches Levels Unseen in 3 Million Years description: Sensors at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii recorded 415 ppm of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for the first time in human history canonical: https://time.com/5588794/carbon-dioxide-earth-climate-change/ author: Ciara Nugent article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2019-05-14T13:02:01.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-02-23T23:31:11.314Z article:section: Science og:title: The Concentration of Carbon Dioxide in the Earth's Atmosphere Has Just Hit Levels Unseen in 3 Million Years og:description: It's the first time in human history it's topped 415ppm og:url: https://time.com/5588794/carbon-dioxide-earth-climate-change/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt05cc50d1e6f5f2b4/698949e5b3fce3acd20c39cb/gettyimages-926215872.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 2119 og:image:height: 1192 og:image:alt: industrial-carbon-dioxide-emissions og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: The Concentration of Carbon Dioxide in the Earth's Atmosphere Has Just Hit Levels Unseen in 3 Million Years twitter:description: It's the first time in human history it's topped 415ppm twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt05cc50d1e6f5f2b4/698949e5b3fce3acd20c39cb/gettyimages-926215872.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere Has Hit Levels Unseen for 3 Million Years > Sponsored content. 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Future Proof is TIME's weekly climate and energy newsletter, written by senior correspondent Justin Worland. It connects the energy transition to the decisions reshaping business, technology, policy and markets. #### Where can I follow the energy transition as a business story? Future Proof covers climate and energy as an economic and business story rather than only an environmental one. It publishes every Friday and is free at time.com/newsletters. #### Who writes Future Proof? Justin Worland, a senior correspondent at TIME and an award-winning climate journalist, writes Future Proof. #### Is Future Proof free? Yes. Future Proof is free at time.com/newsletters. ### Sources * TIME Newsletters: [time.com/newsletters](/c/time-nl-futureproof-2026q3/newsletters?i=76be6b6f-742e-4b1f-9871-3e22e141f0c1&cr=time-nl-futureproof-2026q3-v1)  by [Ciara Nugent](https://time.com/author/ciara-nugent/)  ## Ciara Nugent May 14, 2019 1:02 PM UTC  Xuanyu Han –Getty Images  by [Ciara Nugent](https://time.com/author/ciara-nugent/)  ## Ciara Nugent May 14, 2019 1:02 PM UTC The concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere has reached levels not seen for 3 million years, scientists at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii said Monday – offering a dire warning about the impact of human activity on the planet. The observatory’s sensors registered carbon dioxide levels of 415 parts per million (ppm) on Saturday, meaning CO2 made up 415 of ever 1 million molecules of gas in the atmosphere. CO2 – which is emitted when we burn fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas – is a greenhouse gas which traps heat in the earth’s atmosphere, contributing to the global temperature increases which drives [climate change](http://time.com/5575658/bill-mckibben-climate-change-falter/). The concentration of CO2 has been rising by an average of 2.5 ppm over the last decade. But the increase from 2018 to 2019 will likely be around 3ppm, Ralph Keeling, director of the Scripps C02 program which runs the Manua Loa Observatory,[ said in a statement.](https://twitter.com/Keeling%5Fcurve/status/1127683198110953472?ref%5Fsrc=twsrc%5Etfw) “Every year it goes up like this we should be saying ‘No, this shouldn’t be happening. It’s not normal,” Keeling said. “This increase is just not sustainable in terms of energy use and in terms of what we are doing to the planet.” This is the first time in human history that the concentration of the gas has topped 415 ppm, meteorologist Eric Holthaus warned on Twitter. > [](https://twitter.com/EricHolthaus/status/1127681719216353280) The last time the proportion of CO2 was this this high was during the Pliociene period between 5.3 and 2.6 million years ago. Back then, the Earth was a very different place, with a [much warmer climate.](https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/pliocene.php) Average sea levels are thought to have been around 50 ft higher than they are today and forests grew as far north as the Arctic, a professor of earth system science at Stanford University [told NBC.](https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/carbon-dioxide-hits-level-not-seen-3-million-years-here-ncna1005231) ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/5588794/carbon-dioxide-earth-climate-change/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/5588794/carbon-dioxide-earth-climate-change/"},"headline":"Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere Has Hit Levels Unseen for 3 Million Years","datePublished":"2019-05-14T13:02:01.000Z","dateModified":"2026-02-23T23:31:11.314Z","description":"Sensors at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii recorded 415 ppm of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere for the first time in human history","url":"https://time.com/5588794/carbon-dioxide-earth-climate-change/","keywords":["climate change","earth","onetime"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt05cc50d1e6f5f2b4/698949e5b3fce3acd20c39cb/gettyimages-926215872.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Ciara Nugent","jobTitle":null,"url":"https://time.com/author/ciara-nugent/"}],"articleSection":"Science","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt05cc50d1e6f5f2b4/698949e5b3fce3acd20c39cb/gettyimages-926215872.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"industrial-carbon-dioxide-emissions","caption":"silhouette of a high industrial pipe with the sun behind it","creditText":"Xuanyu Han –Getty Images","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/science/","name":"Science"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/climate-change/","name":"climate change"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/5588794/carbon-dioxide-earth-climate-change/","name":"Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere Has Hit Levels Unseen for 3 Million Years"}}]}] ```