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---
title: When Frank Sinatra Took a Stand for Civil Rights in Schools
description: The situation the singer encountered in 1945 still has echoes in the modern world
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author: Eliza Berman
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article:published_time: 2015-05-18T14:00:02.000Z
article:modified_time: 2026-05-11T05:03:59.689Z
og:title: When Frank Sinatra Took a Stand for Civil Rights in Schools
og:description: The situation the singer encountered in 1945 still has echoes in the modern world
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og:image:alt: Frank Sinatra in Gary Indiana
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twitter:description: The situation the singer encountered in 1945 still has echoes in the modern world
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![](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltaa8b6b3b82947d08/6987efa2428a9edf43ccb679/150513-sinatra-prom.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9)


# When Frank Sinatra Took a Stand for Civil Rights in Schools

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![Eliza Berman](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta5d202c23ada34d0/698a0ab4b21a9c4d3f503362/200115_Time_Headshots_Day451119.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Eliza Berman](https://time.com/author/eliza-berman/)


![Eliza Berman](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta5d202c23ada34d0/698a0ab4b21a9c4d3f503362/200115_Time_Headshots_Day451119.jpg?branch=production&width=96&quality=75&auto=webp)

## Eliza Berman


Berman is a senior editor at TIME.

May 18, 2015 2:00 PM UTC

![Frank Sinatra in Gary Indiana](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltaa8b6b3b82947d08/6987efa2428a9edf43ccb679/150513-sinatra-prom.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3:2)

Caption from LIFE. Frank pleads for race tolerance with Gary high-schoolers. His main theme was, "No kid is by nature intolerant. It is on the few forms of ignorance which has to be cultivated."

Caption from LIFE. Frank pleads for race tolerance with Gary high-schoolers. His main theme was, "No kid is by nature intolerant. It is on the few forms of ignorance which has to be cultivated."Myron Davis—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

![Eliza Berman](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta5d202c23ada34d0/698a0ab4b21a9c4d3f503362/200115_Time_Headshots_Day451119.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Eliza Berman](https://time.com/author/eliza-berman/)


![Eliza Berman](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta5d202c23ada34d0/698a0ab4b21a9c4d3f503362/200115_Time_Headshots_Day451119.jpg?branch=production&width=96&quality=75&auto=webp)

## Eliza Berman


Berman is a senior editor at TIME.

May 18, 2015 2:00 PM UTC

The new documentary [_Southern Rites_](http://time.com/3841454/review-the-aftermath-of-equality-on-southern-rites/), by filmmaker Gillian Laub (premiering May 18 on HBO), begins as a story about segregated proms in a small town in Georgia called Mt. Vernon. It sounds like something out of America’s distant past, something that would have been outlawed decades ago, but it’s not a historical look at a tradition long since abandoned. Instead, the film offers a contemporary examination of a community that integrated its high school prom just five years ago, in 2010.

Proms like the one in _Southern Rites_ are the holdouts that slipped through the cracks of desegregation. And high school dances aren’t the only examples of events that white and black students have had to attend separately in supposedly integrated schools, if the black students were invited to do them at all.

The roots of these vestiges of segregation, of course, run deep—and one possible cause for their endurance, one suggested by _Southern Rites,_ can be found in an anecdote from Gary, Ind., a decade before school segregation [became illegal in 1954](http://time.com/3842407/school-desegregation-1970/).

Gary in 1945 was a relatively diverse community, owing to job opportunities at the steel mill that served as the city’s economic engine. But at one local school, Froebel High School, efforts at desegregation were met with great resistance. When a new principal began integrating extracurricular activities like student government, the school orchestra and use of the swimming pool, a group of white students went on strike from their classes.


In an attempt to deescalate tensions, the school invited Frank Sinatra to offer a performance and words of wisdom—a decision that led LIFE, in November of 1945, to report on the strike and its aftermath.

To the casual observer, “The Voice” may not seem like the obvious voice for this particular occasion, but Sinatra was an advocate for civil rights. He insisted on having integrated backing orchestras and refused to play segregated clubs, though his record was later marred by a 1981 concert in Sun City, South Africa, despite an organized boycott to protest the country’s policy of apartheid.

When he visited Froebel High, Sinatra’s message on the matter was clear. But, though he received raucous applause for his performances, students met his speech with a tepid response. LIFE was quick to point out the source of the students’ resentment: “Goading on these childish grievances were parents who feared competition for their steel-mill jobs from Gary’s increasing Negro population.”


Sinatra seemed to understand well how the seeds of intolerance were planted, and his words echo in _Southern Rites_, in which pressure from parents contributes to students’ fear of disrupting the status quo. “No kid is by nature intolerant,” he told the packed auditorium. “It is one of the few forms of ignorance which has to be cultivated.” At Froebel, the strike continued. In Mt. Vernon, at least, the tides finally changed.

### Southern Rites: The Heartbreaking Story of Justin Patterson's Death

![Julie and Bubba, 2002](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt81436331f7f856db/6987ed3ecd6848258909dbbf/laub_lightbox-1.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Best viewed in full screen modeJulie and Bubba, 2002 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

![Anna’s high school U.S. History journal assignment, with teacher’s grade and comments, Montgomery County High School, Mount Vernon, Georgia, 1999](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt05f7774a9d166202/6987efbc3c1639b188456002/laub-lightbox-letter.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Anna’s high school U.S. History journal assignment, with teacher’s grade and comments, Montgomery County High School, Mount Vernon, Georgia, 1999 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery


![Sophomore black and white homecoming queens on parade float, 2002](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt994ad9bce4449aac/6987ed3e8e0601ea0445e595/laub_lightbox-2.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Sophomore black and white homecoming queens on parade float, 2002 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

![Shelby on her Grandmother’s car, 2008](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt32fbb1c9f6708c15/6987ed3e524fc04962df075c/laub_lightbox-3.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Shelby on her Grandmother’s car, 2008 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

![Keyke and Terrance entering the black prom, 2008](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt3bf5f36fc5428ee9/6987ed3f0b72e355c06e1c36/laub_lightbox-4.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Keyke and Terrance entering the black prom, 2008 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery


![Lacey, the prom queen, 2008](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt44c23ba746099068/6987ed3f3c16390058455bb8/laub_lightbox-5.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Lacey, the prom queen, 2008 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

![Harley before the white prom, 2009](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt1a5bbc03f4ed9847/6987ed40f887dc5911e8e30c/laub_lightbox-6.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Harley before the white prom, 2009 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

![Angel outside the black prom, 2009](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt8ef040387708b4b7/6987ed40a988ca37896b06b5/laub_lightbox-7.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Angel outside the black prom, 2009 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery


![The prom king and queen, dancing at the black prom, 2009](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2a869a6a92a17687/6987ed4035ba6fb634c0b1ac/laub_lightbox-8.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

The prom king and queen, dancing at the black prom, 2009 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

![Seniors arriving at the first integrated prom, 2010](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt32e42e697e2f1fe7/6987ed40f887dca4eee8e311/laub_lightbox-9.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Seniors arriving at the first integrated prom, 2010 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

![Couples arriving at the integrated prom, 2011](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltfb56fabc625517ed/6987ed4006f2c1bdcf337f53/laub_lightbox-10.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Couples arriving at the integrated prom, 2011 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery


![Dance floor at the integrated prom, 2011](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltea1a2f2ea5b0c06c/6987ed41cd6848c7dc09dbc4/laub_lightbox-11.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Dance floor at the integrated prom, 2011 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

![The prom prince and princess dancing at the integrated prom, 2011](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2d002cc3d6fcfe7e/6987ed428e060162d745e5a6/laub_lightbox-14.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

The prom prince and princess dancing at the integrated prom, 2011 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

![Sha’von, Justin and Santa, 2012](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt4377dfa1c9626e7d/6987ed420b72e3071c6e1c3b/laub_lightbox-12.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Sha’von, Justin and Santa, 2012 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery


![Meiah, 2012](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt0cb24f40fa1f8cf3/6987ed41f887dcf5abe8e315/laub_lightbox-13.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Meiah, 2012 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

![Norman at home the day after his release, 2013](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt7ddd137ad584b989/6987ed43a988cae6916b06ba/laub_lightbox-17.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Norman at home the day after his release, 2013 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

![Norman and Danielle, 2014](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltf01d918c57a909f7/6987ed42f887dc5793e8e319/laub_lightbox-15.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Norman and Danielle, 2014 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery


![Anna with her husband and children, 2011](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt7ae04b57ae8d0858/6987ed43e20a877a07a891da/laub_lightbox-16.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Anna with her husband and children, 2011 Gillian Laub—courtesy Benrubi Gallery

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