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description: For Greg Jackson, CEO of Octopus Energy, business leaders who do not recognize the practical and economical opportunities in the world of clean energy and sustainability are being “lazy.”

“We&#x27;ve got a planet with eight or nine billion people. I think we should be putting everything we can on the table and not being lazy and solving this problem,” Jackson told the crowd on a panel at the TIME100 Climate Leadership Forum on Sept. 24 in New York City.

Jackson was joined by fellow 2024 TIME100 Climate honorees Wally Adeyemo, former deputy secretary and COO at the U.S. Treasury, and Pam Cheng, executive vice president and chief sustainability officer of biopharmaceutical company AstraZeneca, a sponsor of the event.
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og:title: Why Sustainability and Clean Energy Practices Are Good for Businesses
og:description: For Greg Jackson, CEO of Octopus Energy, business leaders who do not recognize the practical and economical opportunities in the world of clean energy and sustainability are being “lazy.”

“We&#x27;ve got a planet with eight or nine billion people. I think we should be putting everything we can on the table and not being lazy and solving this problem,” Jackson told the crowd on a panel at the TIME100 Climate Leadership Forum on Sept. 24 in New York City.

Jackson was joined by fellow 2024 TIME100 Climate honorees Wally Adeyemo, former deputy secretary and COO at the U.S. Treasury, and Pam Cheng, executive vice president and chief sustainability officer of biopharmaceutical company AstraZeneca, a sponsor of the event.
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twitter:title: Why Sustainability and Clean Energy Practices Are Good for Businesses
twitter:description: For Greg Jackson, CEO of Octopus Energy, business leaders who do not recognize the practical and economical opportunities in the world of clean energy and sustainability are being “lazy.”

“We&#x27;ve got a planet with eight or nine billion people. I think we should be putting everything we can on the table and not being lazy and solving this problem,” Jackson told the crowd on a panel at the TIME100 Climate Leadership Forum on Sept. 24 in New York City.

Jackson was joined by fellow 2024 TIME100 Climate honorees Wally Adeyemo, former deputy secretary and COO at the U.S. Treasury, and Pam Cheng, executive vice president and chief sustainability officer of biopharmaceutical company AstraZeneca, a sponsor of the event.
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* Science

# Why Sustainability and Clean Energy Practices Are Good for Businesses

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## Video: Why Sustainability and Clean Energy Practices Are Good for Businesses

[Watch (HLS stream): Why Sustainability and Clean Energy Practices Are Good for Businesses](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/keDnzuxs.m3u8) (26:13)

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_Published 2025-09-25. For Greg Jackson, CEO of Octopus Energy, business leaders who do not recognize the practical and economical opportunities in the world of clean energy and sustainability are being “lazy.” “We've got a planet with eight or nine billion people. I think we should be putting everything we can on the table and not being lazy and solving this problem,” Jackson told the crowd on a panel at the TIME100 Climate Leadership Forum on Sept. 24 in New York City. Jackson was joined by fellow 2024 TIME100 Climate honorees Wally Adeyemo, former deputy secretary and COO at the U.S. Treasury, and Pam Cheng, executive vice president and chief sustainability officer of biopharmaceutical company AstraZeneca, a sponsor of the event._


---

Sep 25, 2025 9:20 PM UTC

---

## More From This Series

[All Videos](https://time.com/video/)

[Climate Experts Say Clean Energy Shift Can and Must Lift Up Poorer Communities](/video/nopztflG/)

### Climate Experts Say Clean Energy Shift Can and Must Lift Up Poorer Communities

[Lisa P. Jackson and Tom Steyer on Climate Sustainability Investment in a Challenging Economy](/video/js1W3KuD/)

### Lisa P. Jackson and Tom Steyer on Climate Sustainability Investment in a Challenging Economy

[2021 TIME100 Next Honorees | TIME100 Talks](/video/XrBC99Dj/)

### 2021 TIME100 Next Honorees | TIME100 Talks

---


## Transcript

That was such an inspiring panel, so incredible to really, um, be able to experience and hear directly from leaders about the green revolution that's already underway. I think for many of us that have spent our careers working on climate change will recall that, you know, initially climate change was about emissions and it was about something happening in the distant future. Um, they called us tree huggers, right? You all remember that as if it was just about trees. Um, fast forward to today. Um, we've seen this incredible recognition and understanding that climate change isn't just a corporate social responsibility or a charity issue.

It's material. It's it's part of what will define businesses and, and the economy of the future. Um, but we want to make sure that's not just a talking point. Um, the objective of our panel here is to really dive a bit deeper and to understand if that statement is, in fact true. Is climate action and business value connected inherently is acting on climate. Lead to more profits, lead to growth, and lead to a competitive competitive advantage. So I'm delighted to be here with three leaders that represent very different sectors and perspectives. Um, to shine some light on on climate action and what it looks like in the context of the industry and the sector that you work in.

So, Pam, let's start with you. You are at AstraZeneca and your purview extends far beyond sustainability. Purely, you're also responsible for IT and global operations and supply chain. So from your standpoint, how do you see climate action. Is it is it part of a core business function. Is it something that is it an exercise to kind of mainstream or streamline all of your operations? What does that look like for you in the health sector? So it's a great question. Thank you. It's so great to be here today. So if I can back up a minute before I came here this week, I was a bit nervous about the energy level, the momentum we've built, what would it be like and feel like this week.

And it's super cool to see the momentum, the energy completely alive. But we cannot ignore the fact that there's a lot of challenges in the world today, and it takes a lot of resilience. So as I was hearing you speak, Sheila, the word I can think of is takes a lot of resilience and determination to stay on course today and more than more important than ever, that sustainability has to be integrated into your business objectives. That's the only way to do it. If you do sustainability as a function on the side, you're pushing that boulder uphill. So I'll give you one example. Within AstraZeneca.

You know, we we we work in this sweet spot of planet health taking care of our planet and taking care of human health, taking care of patients around the world. So one of the things we definitely see sustainability as a competitive advantage. We fundamentally believe operating sustainably means it's good for business, medium term and long term. The way I the reason I skipped short term, because there's a lot of work to do in the short term, right? I'll give you one example. We have a product called an inhaler for asthma patients. Rescue device patients depend on that device to stay healthy or save their lives.

There is a component called propellant in that inhaler. It helps deliver the medicine directly to the patient's lungs. However, the propellant is also global warming potential. Six years ago, we decided we need to go out, set out and find a near zero global Propellant warming potential. So a more sustainable propellant for our inhaler. The only problem is it didn't exist. So we had to partner with companies to develop the more sustainable propellant. We invested over half $1 billion in doing safety trials, clinical trials to ensure that the device is safe, along with the sustainable propellant.

And I'm so happy to say, six years later, it's now a reality. We have approval in the UK and EU, and we are actually now supplying inhalers with sustainable propellant. Now you may say, have AstraZeneca just gone mad? You invested half $1 billion in something that you didn't have to do. But we did it for two reasons. One, we believe if we did nothing at some point in time, regulators around the world would say, you cannot supply that inhaler because it's bad for the environment, right? So we want to stay ahead of that journey. We want to be progressive and we. And the second reason is to show the industry an example and hopefully inspire and motivate other companies to do the same.

Yeah. So it's almost like a pre compliance measure. And so you're ahead of the game. You're going to save money or a cost that would have would have incurred in the future. And so in that way you've you've taken what may have been seen as a cost center into a value creation mechanism. Absolutely. And not forgetting the fact that if we couldn't supply this inhaler, ultimately who suffers the most? The patients who need them? Yep. And the cost that they would bear in terms of their health and resource? Um, I'd love to pull on that same thread of it not necessarily being easy. And and, um, Greg, I heard you speak a few months ago, and you, um, you know, you were challenged as to as to why some companies may not be realizing the Green revolution that we just heard about, that there's there's this inertia and many of them refer to the higher costs or just being really difficult.

And you said that was lazy. Can you explain a bit more what you meant by lazy, and what that means for how you run your business and your company, Octopus Energy? Yeah, I'm conscious here. I don't want to be critical of individuals or companies, but in many ways, you know, the opportunity to to speak truth is the greatest service you can give people. And I think there are two forms of lazy in corporate world, which are counterproductive in the world of energy. Uh, the first form of lazy is the traditional oil and gas industries who look at the world of clean energy. And they kind of tried it. A lot of them have done a little bit.

But just like Rupert Murdoch found social media difficult when he bought and then killed Myspace. They haven't been able to do the hard work to adapt to a different world. Um, but the other kind of lazy are actually the ones that we often look at as being the good guys, the heroes, the clean energy companies that rely entirely on subsidies. Now we need subsidies to get going in new industries. Because to begin with, the new industries, they're not volume. They're not scale. They don't have the mature technologies. But if your business model becomes a permanent addiction to the subsidy, the problem is that that one day, for example, when you've got cost of living pressures, um, citizens can quite easily be turned against that and you lose the public support.

So I think the really hard work is to say, actually, it is our duty to work unbelievably hard to find ways in which we can run a clean energy world that doesn't need subsidies, that can compete on its own merits. And I should say a couple of things, right. So one of the greatest inspirations for me is the movie Apollo 13. Look, the guys are up there stranded on a crippled capsule, and, um, no one on Earth gave up. The whole planet cared about the lives of those three guys. And there's a magic moment when, you know, the mission commanders put all of the pieces that are available on the in the station, on the, on the floor, on the table and say, this is all we've got.

How can we save them? And that's how we need to be thinking about this, right. We've only got one. That was three guys. The whole planet was transfixed. We've got a planet with either 8 or 9 billion people. I think we should be putting everything we can on the table and not being lazy in solving this problem. And look, I should say, I think we live this unbelievable. Let me give you another movie reference. Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom. Right? Uh, Indy is running through the temple. The arrows are flying. The boulder is about to close the door, and he dives through. Right. And magically grabs his hat cause he's that cool.

Um, but that is the moment we are at, I think, which is we've had the easy times, but the technologies are just now they're real solar plus battery. In half of US states, solar plus battery can generate 97% firm power for roughly the same price as your wholesale costs. That's available right now. If we work hard to create the solutions for it. Electric vehicles in some countries, they're cheaper to buy than a petrol car. Gasoline. And they can be 3 or 6 times cheaper to run. Now that we've got to change, of course we want to take the old industries with us. That's going to be hard work. But we cannot let we cannot let the fact it's hard work stop us from doing it.

But so that's that's really, really encouraging to hear. And it's great to see that you're leading the way through your company and your approach. But how do you balance affordability of your product to your customers with perhaps the higher upfront costs that you may need to invest in some of these greener solutions? I mean, look, first of all, this thing about higher upfront cost when a factory installs a load of robots, that's a higher upfront cost, but it does it so it can cut prices immediately. This investment and if stuff is going to generate cheap electricity, uh, we should be taking that low cost and not making excuses higher upfront.

Now let's just talk about a few things. And this is what I want to talk about working hard and being innovative and creative. We work with house builders in five countries to build houses that don't have energy bills, right? They just have heat pumps, solar panel, a battery, and a smart hot water heater and we can optimize this stuff. to eliminate bills altogether. They don't have gas, right? Um. Uh, they're comfortable, they're cheap, and we've solved affordability in those houses. Um, with electric cars, you can now get electric cars now available. They've got batteries that go both ways. Uh, in a couple of countries, we offer people 12,000 miles of free driving, as long as they plug their car in for a certain number of hours a month.

So we can use the battery as part of the grid. Right. The the myth, the myth that this is more expensive and affects affordability should be gone. Now, don't get me wrong, I think people earlier talked about the fact that our energy systems have been configured to handle fossil fuels. So it's hard work, right? We've got to have the ability to to manage smart grids dynamically. But when the wind is blowing, the sun is shining or the cheapest energy we've ever had, batteries have fallen in price in the last ten years, they're set to fall another ten over the next five years, right? These technologies are here.

And by the time we're building a five year delay for gas turbines by the time you get delivery, you would have been better off waiting and putting batteries in. It's just hard work. But it's better. Yeah. Thank you, Greg and Wally, to bring you into this conversation. You you have a decorated career of working in government. And we're in a really challenging time when it comes to having political support or policy support, whether it's tax credits or other forms of regulation to help accelerate the adoption of green technologies. Um, are you seeing a slowdown now that, you know, we've we've had a few days of Climate Week.

You've probably met with a lot of companies and investors. What is your take on where we are today? And is the lack of that regulatory push slowing things down and slowing us down? Uh, it's great to be here, and it's good to be here with both of you. And I think I'll start with cost, because I think that, um, we often don't think about the true cost of not making the transition. And you start with that young person with asthma. That's a cost. You think about the person who can't farm on their land anymore. That's a cost. You think about irregular migration. That's a cost. You think about that family who owns a house on the coast, and they can no longer insure that house on a coast.

That's a cost. And I think the reason that, uh, despite what I'd call the headwinds I remain positive about the medium term is because people are starting to see those costs. They're starting to see them in the United States in their electricity bills, which are going higher. And because they're going higher now, they're thinking, what can I do to reduce that cost? Can I install solar? Can I send back to the grid? And it's not only individuals, it's companies. And companies are saying the cost of energy for my company, no matter who I am, is something I need to manage. And the best way to do that is to think through sustainable options, because I'm thinking about this over the long term.

And you just heard the last panel where they talked about the solutions that are being developed around the world. And I think that because of the increase in costs, you're getting into a place where the economics on so many of these things now make sense in such a way that you're going to start to get to scale in places like India, in places like China, in parts of the world where you're seeing the population grow and you have the ability to reduce emissions over time. And in a place like the United States, where you're right, the policy uncertainty has been rough. And you've seen I spent a great deal of time working on the Inflation Reduction Act.

We've seen a number of those provisions rolled back, but some of them still exist. In terms of the tech neutral provision, there's still time on some of the provisions that were created in terms of years. And for many of these technologies, for example, you take solar and batteries, uh, those innovations are likely going to pencil without subsidies over the next few years as these costs go up. So I leave the conversation seeing these headwinds, but recognizing that what all of you see, which is the costs keep going up, which is leading people to realize that we have to make the transition. Is it possible for the United States to still maintain any kind of competitive edge from what you've seen?

And I think that assumes that we had a competitive edge in a clean energy. And I think that one of the things we were trying to do was develop a number of these things. And one of the ways that we're going to do that, I think, is because some of these tax credits still exist that are going to give, for example, the tech neutral tax credit, which will give people the ability to invest in thinking about new technologies. For example, when you think about nuclear technology, small modular devices is something where the United States has the opportunity to think about development. But fundamentally, the goal here has to be that the United States, like every other country, is going to have to compete, and it's not.

And I know we often focus on governments, but the truth is that this competition often happens at the level of companies, companies that are innovating because not only because they care deeply about addressing the energy transition, but because they see that this is something in which I can make money doing. And we're seeing that happen in companies here in the United States, but we're also seeing it happen in companies around the world. And ultimately, that innovation is going to be the key to having the kind of technology, because ultimately technology has to be part of the solution that's going to help solve this problem.

Can I add to that? So as Wally, as you were talking about cost, you know, working for a life science company and doing what we do, the one thing I can think of in terms of costs above and beyond what you say are lives at stake. So we we we know the interdependency between climate crisis and human health. I don't know if you guys know, but 13 million people died around the world a year just from pollution and extreme temperature. So last night at dinner, I said this to my neighbor and they thought it was pretty cool. I'm going to share this with you. And I said, when we transition to green energy, when we decarbonize our value chains, when we are using generating less waste and using less natural resources.

Do you know you are contributing to saving lives? Simply put, we are all interdependent. It takes each and every one of these things that we are talking about, whether no matter what sector, you are in one action at a time to make a difference. Yeah. And I want to ask you also, Pam, um, I mean, there's no conversation today that that will be complete without artificial intelligence and talking about, especially if we're talking about competitive edge and the future. Um, how are you using AI? Um, from a sustainability standpoint to maintain or advance your competitive edge at AstraZeneca? I think that's a great question.

So I get a lot of so I've got multiple day jobs. I speak to myself about sustainability targets. It's pretty cool, right? I mean, we build it into business strategy to make sure we meet our targets. Um, on AI, I get a lot of questions when I get out there and talk about AI and saying, Pam, it's so energy intensive. Look at all these data centers coming up. It's not sustainable for AI. And I said, well, look at it the other way. What is you can reject AI or you can embrace AI or you can use AI for the right things. So the things that we use artificial intelligence in, for example, when we do drug development process, we can actually use artificial intelligence to help us come up with greener chemistry, shorter development time.

Right. Drug manufacturing process, which is part of my day job in a much energy efficient way. So net net, you are better off. We can deliver innovative medicines to the patients earlier, more efficiently, more effectively and generate less waste. So we are absolutely using artificial intelligence in such a way. The other thing is we are also using AI to help us with insights and data. So 1 in 10 people around the world has some form of kidney disease and late stage kidney disease. Patient ends up with dialysis. And we know dialysis is horrible for the patient, really bad for the families and bad for the community.

And it costs a lot of money. But I don't know if, you know, each year dialysis uses 169,000,000,000l of water. I'm an engineer, so I love numbers. And it generates over 1 billion kilos of waste. So we have we are now driving evidence and data and insights to say to help the health care systems in, in various countries and say the power of prevention, early diagnosis, early treatment. Because when you do that, early action on these disease NCDs for example, can actually defer resource intensive and and and cost intensive treatments for the patients. A great example of the use case of AI. And Greg, I mean it's integral into your your technology as well.

Can you tell us a little bit about how AI is helping to increase your your profit margin and make your product better for customers? Yeah, let me talk about AI from two perspectives. So very briefly to answer that question. Look, just in the UK we work in 30 countries, but just in the UK we process 300,000 rows of data every second, which is 30 times more than visa globally for payments. And we do that because the secret to cheap, clean energy today is to be able to forecast every solar panel, every wind turbine, to optimize every battery, to know when each electric vehicle is going to get home and get plugged in, and how much power it's going to need.

Because that way you can continually try and match the power consumption to the power generation. And that enables you to use the cheapest forms of power, the wind and solar that are generated. And you can only do that with vast amounts of AI. But I think the other thing that, you know, the conversation that I've had a lot more this week has been about the power for AI. And, um, look, you were talking about American competitiveness earlier. The US is in the technology of AI world leading. There are some other countries doing incredible stuff. Uh, but the tech companies that want to build the a huge data centers have got the opportunity here to be climate heroes, and to do so in a way which is beneficial for their businesses.

Um, the too often, though, the tragedy is it is feeling easier for them to slightly tweak their climate goals and pretend that gas is green. It's not. Burning gas to power data centers is climate destructive. Let's be really clear. Now, I'm a business. I understand the imperative to get out there fast ahead of your competitors. They've got the greatest amount of capital in the history of business right now to build data centers. But it's the Middle East. It's in the UAE that a company, Mazda, has announced the first 24 over seven firm power data center powered entirely by solar and batteries, a gigawatt, enough for the biggest and biggest data centers, and at a price that's competitive with gas.

And you could be doing that in the US right now in a whole bunch of states. And I think that if there's anybody here from the hyperscalers, you have to work a little bit harder. But once you learn how to do this, you break free from the delays, the pain and the cost of dealing with the utilities. And actually the technology breakthroughs you can make there will enable everyone to benefit from cheap, clean power. So I think it gives us a phenomenal opportunity, but it'll require people to work a little bit harder right now. But they've got the greatest amount of capital ever in history to do it.

So that's my plea. Wonderful. Wally. Let's close. Yeah. And I think what I would say is that you asked me a question about US innovation first. And I think a place where we probably don't have an innovative edge is when it comes to clean energy technology. But clearly, when it comes to artificial intelligence, we do. And my hope is that that edge is going to put us in a position where we can help invest some of that edge in thinking about clean energy solutions going forward. How does that technology and you mentioned one, which is just efficiency. If we could make our grid just 15% more efficient, which we think we can do using AI, that would dramatically reduce energy use in the United States, we could use that kind of technology globally.

My view is that when it comes to thinking about building these data centers, one of the one of the things we've got to do in the United States and we have to think through globally is how is our regulatory infrastructure making it possible for people to do things like build more power supply close to a data center? How do we pass something like a tech neutral permitting reform in America, which will allow us to put more energy online more quickly? And my view is that if you give solar the ability to compete against gas in terms of being put online, you're going to see more solar. So I think we've got to start thinking creatively about how we think about artificial intelligence being useful to reducing the cost of technology Energy deployment, but also thinking about how we power this data center boom in a way that gives us the ability to experiment in new ways of powering our entire grid, not just here in the United States, but around the world where these data centers are going up.

So thank you for having us. Yeah. Well, thank you all so much for your insights, your candor, and the inspiring anecdotes and examples of how this plays out in in your respective companies and industries. Um, I hope that we've done our part to convince all of you that climate action and innovation does indeed offer a real material, competitive edge, and I look forward to continuing the conversation with all of you. Thank you. Thank you. So this concludes our program. We'll just we'll just finalize here. So thank you to all of our speakers for all of our sessions and for contributing to this really, really important discussion and series of, of sessions that we've had that have really spanned the range of of the inspiring comments from Sylvia Earle and, and really anchoring all of us in, in the spirit and in our hearts and in what keeps us working towards the goals that we we all share.

Um, but also to thank you to all of our speakers that have, have, have really, um, brought their full selves, brought the their experiences and understanding from their own company. So we're so grateful to all of you. Thank you again to all of our moderators and speakers. Thank you. And of course, we'd be remiss to not extend our appreciation to our partners AstraZeneca and Fortescue and of course, our partner Rolex for making this evening possible. Thank you for being part of this movement, being part of this community. I know many of you have been to Time events before, and we look forward to convening, gathering, breaking bread, um, and continuing the conversation over drinks outside.

Thank you.

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