--- title: How Cancer Research Is Revolutionizing Treatment | TIME description: In 2022, just five weeks after becoming the director of the National Cancer Institute, Dr. Monica Bertagnolli had a mammogram—and found out she had cancer. “I went through all my treatment, and I am fine,” said Bertagnolli, the former director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), onstage at the TIME100 Summit in New York City on April 23. That's because “every single bit of the treatment I got was supported, funded, and happened because of the National Institutes of Health, the National Cancer Institute.” Bertagnolli was joined onstage at the Summit by two other leaders in the health industry: Dr. Anaeze C. Offodile II, chief strategy officer of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Tina Deignan, commercial president of Pfizer Oncology, which is a sponsor of the TIME100 Summit. Appearing on a panel moderated by Abby Phillip, anchor of CNN NewsNight, the three experts spoke about innovations in cancer treatment—and the importance of making sure as many people as possible have access to these medical advances. Deignan, like Bertagnolli, shared a personal story about cancer: One of her colleagues experienced pain in her side and was later diagnosed with Stage III colon cancer. The colleague was in her late 30s—years before doctors typically recommend people get routine colonoscopies. canonical: https://time.com/video/gVRkxMP7/ og:title: How Cancer Research Is Revolutionizing Treatment og:description: In 2022, just five weeks after becoming the director of the National Cancer Institute, Dr. Monica Bertagnolli had a mammogram—and found out she had cancer. “I went through all my treatment, and I am fine,” said Bertagnolli, the former director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), onstage at the TIME100 Summit in New York City on April 23. That's because “every single bit of the treatment I got was supported, funded, and happened because of the National Institutes of Health, the National Cancer Institute.” Bertagnolli was joined onstage at the Summit by two other leaders in the health industry: Dr. Anaeze C. Offodile II, chief strategy officer of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Tina Deignan, commercial president of Pfizer Oncology, which is a sponsor of the TIME100 Summit. Appearing on a panel moderated by Abby Phillip, anchor of CNN NewsNight, the three experts spoke about innovations in cancer treatment—and the importance of making sure as many people as possible have access to these medical advances. Deignan, like Bertagnolli, shared a personal story about cancer: One of her colleagues experienced pain in her side and was later diagnosed with Stage III colon cancer. The colleague was in her late 30s—years before doctors typically recommend people get routine colonoscopies. og:url: https://time.com/video/gVRkxMP7/ og:image: https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/gVRkxMP7/poster.jpg?width=720 og:type: video.other twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: How Cancer Research Is Revolutionizing Treatment twitter:description: In 2022, just five weeks after becoming the director of the National Cancer Institute, Dr. Monica Bertagnolli had a mammogram—and found out she had cancer. “I went through all my treatment, and I am fine,” said Bertagnolli, the former director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), onstage at the TIME100 Summit in New York City on April 23. That's because “every single bit of the treatment I got was supported, funded, and happened because of the National Institutes of Health, the National Cancer Institute.” Bertagnolli was joined onstage at the Summit by two other leaders in the health industry: Dr. Anaeze C. Offodile II, chief strategy officer of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Tina Deignan, commercial president of Pfizer Oncology, which is a sponsor of the TIME100 Summit. Appearing on a panel moderated by Abby Phillip, anchor of CNN NewsNight, the three experts spoke about innovations in cancer treatment—and the importance of making sure as many people as possible have access to these medical advances. Deignan, like Bertagnolli, shared a personal story about cancer: One of her colleagues experienced pain in her side and was later diagnosed with Stage III colon cancer. The colleague was in her late 30s—years before doctors typically recommend people get routine colonoscopies. twitter:image: https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/gVRkxMP7/poster.jpg?width=720 --- # How Cancer Research Is Revolutionizing Treatment > Sponsored content. Supplied in partnership with TIME. 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They are at time.com/newsletters and are separate from a paid subscription. ## Video: How Cancer Research Is Revolutionizing Treatment [Watch (HLS stream): How Cancer Research Is Revolutionizing Treatment](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/gVRkxMP7.m3u8) (24:25)  _Published 2025-04-23. In 2022, just five weeks after becoming the director of the National Cancer Institute, Dr. Monica Bertagnolli had a mammogram—and found out she had cancer. “I went through all my treatment, and I am fine,” said Bertagnolli, the former director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), onstage at the TIME100 Summit in New York City on April 23. That's because “every single bit of the treatment I got was supported, funded, and happened because of the National Institutes of Health, the National Cancer Institute.” Bertagnolli was joined onstage at the Summit by two other leaders in the health industry: Dr. Anaeze C. Offodile II, chief strategy officer of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Tina Deignan, commercial president of Pfizer Oncology, which is a sponsor of the TIME100 Summit. Appearing on a panel moderated by Abby Phillip, anchor of CNN NewsNight, the three experts spoke about innovations in cancer treatment—and the importance of making sure as many people as possible have access to these medical advances. Deignan, like Bertagnolli, shared a personal story about cancer: One of her colleagues experienced pain in her side and was later diagnosed with Stage III colon cancer. The colleague was in her late 30s—years before doctors typically recommend people get routine colonoscopies._ --- Apr 23, 2025 7:20 PM UTC --- ## More From This Series [All Videos](https://time.com/video/) [New Cancer Center Takes Holistic Approach to Treatment](/video/oIM73YWM/) ### New Cancer Center Takes Holistic Approach to Treatment [John McCain Is Stopping Medical Treatment for Brain Cancer](/video/q0D9lRKq/) ### John McCain Is Stopping Medical Treatment for Brain Cancer [Prostate Cancer Treatment Doesn’t Save More Lives Than Active Surveillance](/video/0eFDielS/) ### Prostate Cancer Treatment Doesn’t Save More Lives Than Active Surveillance --- ## Transcript Hello everyone. Good morning. Thank you all so much for being here. It is a pleasure to be joined by this panel of incredible experts. Uh, Doctor Ofodile, I want to start with you. We just watched that video, a powerful video from Olivia munn about her cancer diagnosis. And I think we all know intuitively that the trajectory of what happens to a person when they're diagnosed with cancer has changed a lot in the last several decades. What is it like now to be diagnosed with cancer, and how is technology changing the outcomes for people? Thank you so much. It's a pleasure to be here. So I'll say right now for a person who is getting cancer treatment at a place like Sloan-Kettering, where I'm moving to a world of having more personalized diagnosis. So that means based on your genetic markers, what type of cancer subtype do you have to personalize treatment recommendations? So what therapeutics? What therapies are best suited for your cancer type to give you the best survival. So we're moving from a world of generalized medicine to personalized medicine. It's aspirational, but we're making concrete steps to get there. And that's happening right here, right now in America. And Tina, Pfizer has set some ambitious goals for bringing new drugs to the market. Um, what is Pfizer planning in terms of cancer treatment and therapies going forward? Yeah. Good morning everyone. It is a pleasure to be with you all for this discussion with my esteemed panelists. Um, so we have set an ambitious goal of delivering eight new breakthroughs in cancer by the end of the decade. Um, but we are in a race against cancer. We've made tremendous progress over recent decades, but cancer is racing against us, and we're seeing an increased incidence of cancer, and particularly at an alarming rate in people in their prime in under 50 years old, which is not a time we would have thought about as being at risk of cancer in the past. And I'll share with you a personal example. I have a colleague and very dear friend, Lily, who just given birth to her second child. She's in her late 30s, had a pain in her side. Thankfully, it was not written off as a postpartum symptom. Um, and it was further explored and she was diagnosed with stage three colon cancer. And that's way before she would have been indicated for a colonoscopy. Um, and so it just she's an example of this emerging face of cancer that's really quite, quite challenging and quite alarming. So we've made a lot of progress. We're racing against cancer, who seems to be trying to beat us in that race. So at Pfizer, with that bold goal of delivering eight new breakthroughs by the end of the decade. So we have now committed 40% of our R&D research is solely focused on focused on oncology. That is over 55 programs, about 30 new molecular entities. So potential new medicines that we're trying to explore as we move through this process. And we're we're studying some of the most commonly common cancers across the population. So breast, prostate, G2 cancers, hematology and and lung cancer. And we're dedicating a really focused effort across three scientific modalities. So really trying to take on cancer and make an impact and hopefully deliver those eight breakthroughs. Yeah I mean, I think that phenomenon of younger people and these diagnoses is something that I think is causing so much anxiety in the population. Uh, Doctor Bertagnolli, can you talk to us about the research aspect of this? I think a lot of people are wondering today, where are we headed as a country in terms of how we are funding and supporting the important medical research that we need in order to tackle cancer as a phenomenon and talk to us about the beginning of that pipeline and where you see, with all the government cuts that we're about to experience, where you see that research funding coming from in the future. So, so thrilled to be here. I want to start, though, with something, since we're on the theme of cancer is I was the former director of the National Cancer Institute before I moved over to be the head of the National Institutes of Health, five weeks, five weeks after becoming NCI director, I had a mammogram and I found out I had cancer. Wow. I am now the director of the National Cancer Institute. I have breast cancer, I am fine, I went through all my treatment and I am fine. But I will tell you, every single bit of the treatment I got was supported, funded and happened because of the National Institutes of Health. The National cancer Institute. Yay! And so it's a really big topic. You've given me. Let me just riff off of what the two have said, and maybe talk about the unique contribution of our taxpayer dollars that go to funding research. Three areas, because we want to be partners. You represent industry. You represent perhaps the academic world. You know, our big academic institutions like Memorial Sloan-Kettering breaking ground. What's the contribution of your taxpayer dollars? We want to leverage what these guys do. We want to work with them as partners, not duplicate. And there's three areas that NIH focuses on so as not to duplicate. The first is fundamental science, the real biology of how our bodies work so that we can understand why I that breast cell turned into a cancer. And why our bodies didn't just eliminate it like they are supposed to. When a bad cell pops up, believe it or not, when our bodies are working right, they just get rid of it. Why did that happen? That's deep, deep laboratory work. The second are the clinics. You know, how do we get these results? Do these amazing contributions that come from working in the clinic and getting research out there and doing research directly in the clinics? But the third, and I think this is even a more important contribution today is your biology. Your disease is a combination of the genes you inherit from your parents, but it is also profoundly influenced by your environment where you grew up, what kind of food you had. Did you get Exercise, did you? What's your educational attainment? Frankly, did you kind of know how to do the right things? Um, uh, what's your social support network is, is like, you know, if you we know all these things profoundly influence health. So this is another part of what your taxpayer dollars will do is expand research into not just the laboratory, not just the clinic, but the communities, and understand how strong and healthy communities can work. So that's what NIH is focusing on. Yeah, there's an aspect of that that I'm going to get to later, which is, um, the aspect of health that is about the disparities that we see that's based on, um, who people are, where they come from, communities they live in. Uh, but, Tina, if you could just, you know, piggyback off of that, talk to us about the next stage in the development process. How does Pfizer build on what happens at NIH? Yeah, no, it's a great question. And I do think it's the partnership across sort of three areas that we represent is critical for us to ultimately be able to deliver those breakthroughs. I think one of the places I would highlight is in personalized medicine that that you referenced and Monica, you touched upon, which is ultimately enabled by a fundamental understanding of the biology of the disease. And I'll give an example of this in lung cancer, um, which we all know tends to have a fairly challenging prognosis, particularly when diagnosed in the metastatic setting. But I'm going to share another patient story that I think brings this to life with a patient that I'm happy to say we have a long term relationship with at Pfizer. His name is Matt. And about 14 years ago, he was diagnosed with metastatic lung cancer at a time when he would have been given a potentially less than a year to live. But because of the the great research that had had happened, we had a better fundamental understanding of that disease and know that it's actually a certain segment of of lung cancer. It was called ALK positive, driven by a genetic mutation. And in that genetic mutation, we had been able to develop a targeted therapy against that because of that understanding. So I think that sort of illustrates and of course, we worked with institutions like Memorial Sloan Kettering to further explore that in clinical trials. So 14 years later, and actually, I should say when he was diagnosed, Matt was a nonsmoker and he was 24 years old. And so really in the prime of his life, but 14 years later, happy to say we interacted with him. Recently, he has earned his doctorate, he got married, he has a daughter and has a very positive outlook. But I think that example illustrates like how sort of the three sectors can work together to really make that real impact on patients lives. Yeah. And Doctor Memorial Sloan-Kettering is a great institution and I do think it matters where people are treated. Um, what kind of care they get, whether they have access to personalized medicine. How are these developments being brought into the marketplace, while also taking into consideration the need to flatten some of these disparities that we see across the spectrum when it comes to different kinds of cancers and whether people who look like you and me have different outcomes than other segments of the population. So before I respond, I'd like to react to a comment, Monica said, which is, right now we are in the midst of really exciting innovations in medicine, whether it's AI, single cell sequencing, and on and on and on. And I think the ability for places like MSK collaborating with funders like the NIH and developers like Pfizer to get these innovations to the marketplace is really, really exciting. So to to answer your question, we can actually now think about technologies, the right kind of technologies like AI to democratize MSK expertise. Right. So in a perfect world, in a future world, not too far from now, how can we have physicians in rural America access information, insights that are typically housed in a place like MSK? I think the infrastructure exists today and is really a policy solution to get this out there, but I think AI has a huge role to play. Secondly, at MSK, we've thoughtfully created partnerships. So for instance, we partnered with Metis Health System. It's a safety net hospital in Queens, New York, the largest provider in Queens. And we're helping them build their build their cancer centers with our protocols, our pathways in a mutually beneficial partnership to elevate their standards of care. So for patients in Queens who have cancer, they don't have to deal with the travel burden, the disruption to their lives to come to Manhattan to get kmsc with Queen's Health System, deliver care locally in their environment. I'll say it's a blend of technology, democratizing expertise, as well as thoughtful partnerships to get care local, high quality care local. I want to pivot for just a moment to talk a little bit about public health, just in general. Doctor Bertagnolli, you've been inside the federal infrastructure, around public health, and you talked passionately about the power of taxpayer dollars. But I also think that there's a trust issue that we're facing as a country. And the Covid 19 pandemic that we just went through exacerbated that trust problem. So how do we rebuild? How do we rebuild a system that has people's trust and maybe learns from some of the mistakes that were made during the pandemic. So I'm so glad you asked me this. Um, well, I can tell you there's one way we're not going to rebuild trust, and that's by public relations campaigns. Or here's what you go. You know, you have to here's what you should do. Or by experts coming and telling people what they should do. That's not the way we build trust. We build trust human being to human being. And this is why one of the things I am particularly passionate about is our public funding and our public health system getting into every single community. A couple reasons for that. Every community is different. Every person's different. Every community is different. It is really critical that we have people who have the, uh, bandwidth, the expertise, the connections, the connectivity into those communities to engage with that community. And you don't earn trust by saying, here's what you should do. You engage. Engage. Trust by saying, what do you need? What worries you? What bothers you? Because guess what? There is absolutely something in our research enterprise that can be offered to a person, and it's their desire and their investment that we engage them in. There's a program at NIH that I very much hope blossoms and continues its calling. It's called Communities Advancing Research Equity for Health or Care for health. And this is exactly what it's doing. It's going into communities and saying, what's your biggest problem here? And we will bring research to help you solve that. I think that's how we earn trust. Can I ask you though, that word, if you say the word equity these days in the federal government, I'm not sure that that would get you very far. Are we are we walking back an understanding of how communities and their differences impact people's health? No. Absolutely not. I mean, we look, we have to you know, our federal government is here for everyone. Our federal government is not here, or only Republicans or only Democrats, or only one race, or only another race, or, you know, only people who live in New York City are federal government truly is here for everyone. We have a representational government. I mean, I won't I won't minimize the fact that there are a lot of challenging discussions going on right now. But the National Institutes of Health, Health and Human Services is here for everybody. And that's I'm not afraid of the word equity. Um, because that's what equity means. It means everybody. Good to hear a doctor familiar. If you want to weigh in on that and just share with us how it affects private institutions like your own. So a few things. One is health equity is not zero sum. It's actually a positive sum. So elevating the standards of care for all communities in the United States leads to a more productive workforce overall lower health care spending and more economic growth. So that's what we want on an MSC side. What I'll say is as an institution, we're 140 years old. We are really driven by some core values and our mission, and these missions are immutable across leadership teams, across presidential administrations. Now, as an organization with 20,000 people, we are going to be productive and pragmatic with the government. But our values inform what we do and how we do it. So this idea of inclusive care for everyone is something we hold dear, and we are really committed to that across the entire organization. So cancer related health equity, which persists today, is a problem. And that's a problem that touches us in direct and indirect ways. So trying to solve that through partnerships, democratizing our expertise, delivering care in a culturally competent manner. That's what we're committed to doing. Tina, I want to give you an opportunity to weigh in on that, too, because I think this is such a rich topic and it's timely right now. And I think every phase of the health care process, from the government to the the private sector, companies like Pfizer to the facilities that treat people are interacting with this. And how does Pfizer approach that question? So, you know, we recognize that all the science, innovation in the world and bringing innovative medicines doesn't matter unless we can actually get the medicines into the hands of patients that need them most. And we recognize some of the disparities we're talking about. And just a couple of examples that I think will resonate. We know that black women are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer much later than their white counterparts. We know that 20% of Americans live more than 60 miles from an oncologist, making it hard to get equitable care. So our focus is trying to reach all patients, and we work. We also know we can't do that on our own, but we work in partnership across the community, the oncology community, to do so. And I'll highlight an example we have with the American Cancer Society, where we're in a collaboration with them on their Change the Odds initiative, which is designed to target underserved communities and try and like, um, increase the improve the patient outcomes in those patient populations. It's emphasized screening. It emphasizes participation in clinical trials, which has historically been a gap, as well as just education to help patients navigate their journey. So we're looking to reach all patients, and we will collaborate with the community to make sure we're doing so across the board. And what about cost? Cost is obviously maybe maybe it's the biggest factor in access to care. I think that there has been a conversation nationally in this country about how much it costs to save a life. How does Pfizer think about that? And what is what are you all doing to address that concern? So restating again we know that the innovation doesn't make any any make the difference unless we can get it into the hands of patients. And obviously cost has multiple layers to it. What we're focused on is working with patients, working with oncology practices to help patients navigate their journey with insurance Um, I support them with copay assistance. Um, and then sometimes in the appropriate circumstances, with free medicine. So we're very focused on how we work with the patient and their circumstance to try and help them navigate that, um, that situation. Um, doctor Bertagnolli, let me talk for one second. We just have a few minutes left. About preventative care, because I think you alluded to that a little bit as you were talking about the environmental factors that go into a person developing cancer. A lot of it is genetics. Some of it is environmental. People are so interested in what they can do to change their own health outcomes. And I think that that is both powerful and important. But is the public health apparatus doing enough to educate people and about what they can do, and also to keep up with a desire. You know, I think we just saw this a couple days ago. The synthetic dyes, they're being banned, right? And? And I know that the science is a little bit more inconclusive, but the public seemed to really want something to be done about this. So so is the public health community really meeting people where they are to get ahead of some concerns that people have about how they can take control of their own health? We can do so much more there. And actually, this is one of the most exciting times, I think. Um, first of all, uh, there's been a lot we've we've spent a lot of our health care dollars attacking disease. You know, that's where our focus has gone. Somebody's hurt. They're in trouble. Let's do that right now. We have not, frankly, spent as much time, money as I think we could on understanding the fundamentals of prevention. So you give an example. Do we have those data yet? No. Can we get those data? Absolutely. Especially now with the tools that we have with the new information technology tools we have with the data analytics and artificial intelligence methods, can we learn from the biggest, broadest possible population to put those puzzle pieces together, to really bring science and data to how guidelines for how people can live a long and healthy life? I really believe that we can. And that's what it's going to take, frankly, because it's that big of a problem. The other reason I'm optimistic about this, and you alluded to it. It's going to take engaging everybody in this process. This is not a solution that we can solve just by the people who walk into Memorial Sloan Kettering's door. This is a solution that's going to take being a connected learning health system. I really this is one of my big passions, is creating a learning health system so that everybody can contribute to the knowledge that will let us know what we need to do, and everybody will want to do it, because you've all been part of finding the answers. And Doctor Fidelia, take us out on a positive note, because I do think that the future on science, science and AI is so bright and exciting. So what are you the most excited by that I can do for us in the future? So I'm really excited by cancer vaccines, actually. Wow. So this is vaccines not for prevention but for actually for treatment. So pancreatic cancer is a very tough cancer. 10% of people, um, live more than five years Abysmal rates. What we're doing at Sloan-Kettering is now using AI to pick out of your pancreatic cancer. What are the unique driver mutations? What are unique proteins that are associated with your cancer? And on the back end of that, creating mRNA vaccines targeted to that specific cancer. So it's an N of one therapy. And we did that publish our results last year. And what we found is for people who responded. So their body created a protein trigger after the vaccine. They had continued survival three years out. That's incredibly fascinating. And think about what that means for taking this from pancreatic cancer to other tough to treat cancers. So mRNA vaccines are incredibly exciting. That involves AI to pick the mutations. And that involves a new platform we learned with Covid mRNA vaccines that is incredibly exciting. It's incredibly exciting. Thank you all so much for the work that you do. 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