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# TIME Explains: What is Bitcoin?

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<!-- video src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/baM6a66m.m3u8" -->
## Video: TIME Explains: What is Bitcoin?

[Watch (HLS stream): TIME Explains: What is Bitcoin?](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/baM6a66m.m3u8) (2:45)

![TIME Explains: What is Bitcoin?](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/baM6a66m/poster.jpg?width=720)

_Published 2013-11-04. Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer “cryptocurrency” that can be used to purchase everything from Domino’s pizza to drugs on the deep web. Here's what you need to know._


---

Jul 27, 2023 3:54 PM UTC

---

## More From This Series

[All Videos](https://time.com/video/)

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### Bitcoin: To Invest or Not?

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### We Ordered a Domino's Pizza on Twitter

[Microsoft Becomes Latest To Endorse Bitcoin Cryptocurrency](/video/A1pNTTzm/)

### Microsoft Becomes Latest To Endorse Bitcoin Cryptocurrency

---


## Transcript

>> Bitcoin is a peer- to- peer cryptocurrency that can be used to purchase everything from Domino's pizza to drugs on the deep web. Here's what you need to know. Bitcoin was created in 2008 by a Japanese programmer known only by the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Like dollars, Bitcoin is exchanged for goods and services, but unlike dollars, it is a purely digital currency. Bitcoin is also decentralized meaning that it is not controlled by a governing body in the way that the U. S. government maintains dollars. Instead, it operates as a peer- to- peer currency using cryptography to validate transactions.

Bitcoin functions like its own personal Paypal, allowing users to trade Bitcoin back and forth between each other with no intermediary. This liberates Bitcoin users from institutions like banks, which typically broker transactions and impose fees for transferring money. Users keep their Bitcoin in a digital wallet that keeps track of Bitcoin addresses comprised of a public key, a private key, and a Bitcoin balance. When a user wants to purchase something using Bitcoin, they send their public key to the person they are paying and the amount of Bitcoin is subtracted from that person's wallet and recorded in a public ledger.

The private key is never shared, making the transaction virtually anonymous. Bitcoin are created by computers that are forced to solve increasingly difficult mathematical problems in order to generate new coins. However, only a certain number of coins can be mined at a time so that there will never be more than 21 million coins in existence. Because of the fixed number of coins, Bitcoin is treated as a commodity with its worth determined by a supply and demand. Bitcoin is treated on exchanges like Mt. Gox, which functions like a virtual NASDAQ so the more people want Bitcoin, the higher the price will be.

Currently, one Bitcoin is worth about $ 215. Bitcoin is the product of an era marked by a mounting distrust in banks and government institutions. And unlike those establishments, promises anonymity and minimal transfer fees. Liberation from third- party for- profit institutions could have huge implications for the economy, but Bitcoin has yet to really hit the mainstream. The currency is currently accepted primarily by online vendors like Reddit and Word Press, though some brick- and- mortar stores like the New York City bar, Ever, also take Bitcoin. But the Bitcoin ecosystem might not remain a Wild West for that much longer.

The U. S. government is currently investigating how to regulate digital currency like Bitcoin.

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