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# NASA’s Insight Mission Explained

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<!-- video src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/XQqydRyU.m3u8" -->
## Video: NASA’s Insight Mission Explained

[Watch (HLS stream): NASA’s Insight Mission Explained](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/XQqydRyU.m3u8) (5:01)

![NASA’s Insight Mission Explained](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/XQqydRyU/poster.jpg?width=720)

_Published 2018-11-28. NASA’s Insight mission landing is the first time that a NASA spacecraft has landed on the red planet in six years._


---

Jul 28, 2023 12:54 AM UTC

---

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---


## Transcript

[ MUSIC ] After six months of traveling through space, the NASA insight mission landed on November 26th. It was a landing that was watched around the world, and within minutes, insight shared an official beep to signal it was alive and well, along with the photo of the martian surface where it landed. Mission control at NASA exploded into celebratory applause and cheers after the touchdown was confirmed. The project took nearly a decade to develop and ultimately cost about $ 1 billion. after the successful landing, Vice President Mike Pence called to congratulate the entire team for their efforts.

Only 40 % of missions sent to the Red Planet by any space agency have been successful. And the November 26th touchdown marks the first time in six years that a NASA spacecraft has landed on the Red Planet, following 2012's Curiosity rover. The mission stands as NASA's eighth successful landing of a robot on the planet. To reach Mars, Insight cruised over 300 million miles through space followed by two cube satellites, the first to ever fly into deep space, to help flight controllers follow Insight's decent. Because of the great distance, NASA's mission scientists weren't able to directly pilot the lander.

This huge engineering challenge was compounded by the fact that radio transmissions to Insight take eight minutes to reach Earth, and the robot had only 6. 5 minutes to land itself. That's a very brief window of time Time for things to go exactly right. And Insight's work on the planet is just beginning. The Mars rover is equipped with a slew of instruments to explore over the next two years a part of Mars we know little about, its deep interior. Here to discuss this major feat in interplanetary space travel and what happens next is Time editor- at- large, Jeffrey [ UNKNOWN ]. [ MUSIC ] All right, Jeffrey, thanks so much for joining us.

Now, earlier we talked about Insight's successful landing. But what exactly makes a journey to Mars so challenging? Well, first of all, it's the distance. Insight traveled 290 million miles Miles over the course of six months to get to Mars. So that's a whole lot of time. When it gets there, it has to contend with the Martian atmosphere that allows them to get part way down by parachute, but the atmosphere isn't thick enough to let it get all the way to the surface. So you still need rocket engines at the end, that's a multi- part landing. Finally, it has to do all of this within just eight minutes.

And essentially, it's eight minute when we Earth don't know what's going on, because it takes radio signals 8 minutes and 20 second to get to Mars, and then another 8 minutes and 20 minutes to get back. So the spacecraft, for practical purposes, is on its own, landing itself. And we have to wait until the signals come down that say it got there safely. Now, what exactly is insights mission? Insights mission is for the first time to give Mars kind of an internal check- up. Typically we land on Mars and geologically interesting places. Places with craters. Mountains and foothills because that's where the interesting geology is.

This time we want to land on a flat plain. We did land on a flat plain and the objective is to get a sense of Mars's interior. Probe will be driven 16 feet into the surface to test its temperature. Scientists will be looking for marsquakes, the equivalent of earthquakes, which tell us something about the interior structure. They'll be looking for the wobble of Mars. Basically, the more we learn about Mars The more we learn about all rocky terrestrial planets like Earth, like Mars, like Venus and like Mercury. And once we do that, we learn about our solar system and all solar systems in ways we never knew before.

Mm- hm, now Elon Musk has been talking about his plans to colonize Mars for years. So one, how close are we? And two, what would that even look like? We are not close and a lot of people talk about getting there in the early 2020s, that won't happen. At best we will be there in the mid 2030s. It will not be an easy or enjoyable place to live. Look, think that Earth, we adapted to live on Earth. So everything Earth has keeps us alive. Mars is almost designed to kill us. The atmosphere is only 1 % as thick as ours is. It's made almost entirely of carbon dioxide, which is toxic to us. Cosmic radiation bathes the planet in ways it doesn't on Earth.

We're protected on Earth. The best analogy, and even that's not a very good one Is that living on Mars would be what it's like when scientists live for six months or eight months at a time at the South Pole. And at the South Pole at least you can go outside and breathe the air. On Mars that's not possible. So challenging to say the least. Challenging, but we could do it. All right, very insightful stuff. Jeffrey, thanks so much for joining us. Thank you for having me

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