--- title: Experts Discuss Breakthroughs In Beating Cancer description: Vaccines and immunotherapy have shown promising results canonical: https://time.com/collection/time100-leadership-forums/2026/from-treatment-to-cure-the-breakthrough-science-to-beat-cancer/ article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2026-09-11T02:39:18.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-09-11T17:45:29.540Z article:section: Health og:title: Experts Discuss Breakthroughs In Beating Cancer og:description: Vaccines and immunotherapy have shown promising results og:url: https://time.com/collection/time100-leadership-forums/2026/from-treatment-to-cure-the-breakthrough-science-to-beat-cancer/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt4231da8b93c01822/6aa36810b3e3cb591fd58683/260910_Time100Health_Programming_00047.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 675 og:image:alt: Experts Discuss Breakthroughs In Beating Cancer og:type: article twitter:card: summary twitter:title: Experts Discuss Breakthroughs In Beating Cancer twitter:description: Vaccines and immunotherapy have shown promising results twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt4231da8b93c01822/6aa36810b3e3cb591fd58683/260910_Time100Health_Programming_00047.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 --- Sep 11, 2026 # Health Experts on the Major Breakthroughs in Fighting Cancer > Sponsored content. 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Terms and conditions apply. * Savings buckets are a feature of Ally Bank's Savings Account. * No ATM fees from Ally Bank at Allpoint and Moneypass ATMs plus we reimburse for fees charged by other ATM owners nationwide up to $10 per statement cycle. * Early direct deposit offers eligible direct deposits up to two days sooner. * Spending buckets are a feature of Ally Bank's Spending Account. ## Video: Health Experts On The Major Breakthroughs In Fighting Cancer [Watch (HLS stream): Health Experts On The Major Breakthroughs In Fighting Cancer](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/1RiGPmnq.m3u8) (20:44)  _Published 2026-09-11. Vaccines and immunotherapy have shown promising results_ by [Chantelle Lee](https://time.com/author/chantelle-lee/) ## Chantelle Lee Reporter Leading experts in cancer research reflected on the significant strides made in tackling the disease, along with the work that remains to be done toward finding a cure, at the TIME100 Health Leadership Forum in New York on Thursday. Resources have been the key toward making important discoveries, said Shane Jacobson, the CEO of both the American Cancer Society, which sponsored the event, and the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network. Philanthropic investments and federal government funding, he continued, have allowed scientists and oncologists to make the progress we see today in cancer prevention and treatment. Cancer is “omnipresent” Jacobson said. In the U.S., one in three men and women will receive a cancer diagnosis sometime during their lives, according to the [American Cancer Society](https://www.instagram.com/reel/DGyJ1maJdyW/). “It has been, historically, such a devastating disease,” he said. “We knew so little about it that it has garnered resources—and it takes resources to tackle most of the problems we face in healthcare.” Developments in tackling cancer—such as the [encouraging results ](https://time.com/article/2026/08/19/mrna-cancer-vaccine-moderna-merck/)of an mRNA cancer vaccine that were announced by Moderna and Merck last month—stem from “decades of progress, decades of new knowledge, decades of even failure, and learning from that failure to bring forth these kinds of results,” Jacobson said. “It used to be maybe on an annual basis we would celebrate something significant, but the innovation is moving so rapidly that these celebrations, these big moments, are now almost on a monthly basis, and we should expect that speed to continue,” he said. But, he added, just as important as these advances is ensuring that everyone is able to access the drugs and therapies they need—”otherwise,” he said, “the innovation falls short of its potential.” Vaccines and immunotherapy have emerged as powerful tools to fight cancer, said Dr. Andrea Cercek, a gastrointestinal medical oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center who was a [2025 TIME100 Health](https://time.com/collections/time100-health-2025/7279647/andrea-cercek/) honoree. “The hope … between vaccines and immunotherapy as well is that they harness the immune system, which is really the most powerful drug we have,” she said. “It can fight anything as long as it’s equipped to do so and it recognizes something is foreign, and so it’s really that combination that needs to happen for therapy to work.” Cercek herself has been pioneering immunotherapy drugs to treat cancer. In 2024, she and her colleagues released the findings of their study of patients who had a specific type of rectal cancer, revealing that, after six months of being treated with an immunotherapy drug, none of the patients showed detectable tumors, meaning that none of them needed chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery afterwards. Cercek has expanded her research, and said during the panel that “we’re very close” to seeing this kind of treatment being used successfully for other types of cancer so that patients don’t have to undergo more invasive therapies. TIME senior health correspondent Alice Park, who moderated the panel, closed the discussion with a big question: Will we cure cancer? And if so, what will that cure look like? “Absolutely we will,” Cercek replied. “Probably it will be with early detection and prevention—I think that is going to be, ultimately, what cures cancer.” “Yes,” Jacobson said. “And I think it’s ‘cures,’ plural. It’s not one cure, and we’re seeing that now.” _The TIME100 Health Leadership Forum was presented by the American Cancer Society, Kite—a Gilead Sciences company, Insulet, Musely, and NMDP._ ## Transcript I want to start with you. Um, I've spoken to a lot of people in different fields infectious diseases, neurological diseases, neurologists, and they all look to cancer as a model in terms of how cancer as a field has incorporated diagnostics, treatments, screening, um, and really brought about huge advances and successes in results in outcomes. So I'd like to ask you, as you know, the head of the American Cancer Society, what do you think is cancer secret? What what has been behind its success in being able to do that? I don't know if there's any one particular secret behind the curtain here. I think cancer is such a omnipresent disease. 1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 women will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime. And so it's prevalent in every household in America, whether we're looking in the mirror, looking down the hallway. Uh, friends, colleagues, etc.. So it has been historically such a devastating disease that from a biological standpoint, we knew such little about, uh, that it has garnered resources and it takes resources to tackle most of the problems we face in health care. Uh, certainly cancer being one of them. And we've had such significant philanthropic investments, such a significant commitment by the NIH, the NCI, that, that that approach has provided resources and the resources bring to bear great science, great technology support, great scientists and great oncologists that provide care. How important was the government contribution to that? With the war on cancer being declared in the 1970s, I believe, and that really kick started a huge investment in trying to understand the basic science behind what causes cancer and therefore, you know, lead us to better treatments. Yeah. So I'll be in Washington, D.C. next week at our annual Leadership and Lobby Day, where we have the opportunity to collaborate with members of Congress. And we'll be talking about elevating funding for the NIH and NCI. $51.3 billion is the request. Our request next week for the NIH, 7.99 billion for the NCI. Fundamentally, any advance that's that's treating patients today diagnostics, therapeutics and otherwise is somehow some way, shape or form touched by funding through the federal government, through the research ecosystem paired with philanthropy, paired with foundations and organizations such as the ACS. We would certainly not be where we're at today without federal funding and the need for elevated federal funding. Now, with some of it being challenged and threatened, certainly isn't critically important. We're going to come back to that. But and some of that, the fruits of that success, Andrea, we've seen just in the past week or so with some encouraging news about innovative approaches involving mRNA, which we're all familiar with from the Covid vaccine. A completely new technology now that's being applied to cancer, and some successes with targeted therapy, which have been around for a while, but based on, you know, genetic fingerprints to kind of identify how to tackle tumors. So let's start with the targeted therapy approach. This is a drug digoxin. I hope I'm pronouncing that correctly. Um first targeted treatment for metastatic advanced pancreatic cancer, a disease for which really there haven't been too many good options. So how big a deal is this drug? I mean, it's a huge deal for pancreatic cancer. Um, you know, this is a devastating disease, predominantly metastatic and survival is dismal. And this has really doubled survival of metastatic pancreatic cancer. Um, many, many of the tumors, over 95% are Ras driven. So this drug is perfect because it inhibits Um RA the you know, there's still a lot of work to do though, because the, the tumors do end up building a resistance to this therapy. So although the progress is amazing and it's phenomenal for patients. Um, the next steps of course are what do we do once there's progression, improving drugs and decreasing the toxicity. But, but nevertheless really, really exciting, you know, for pancreatic cancer, but then many, many other tumors are, um, rash driven, for example, and driven by other mutations as well. So there is now a ton of development for targeted therapies. And Shane, the other good news came from Moderna and Merck using an mRNA based strategy. And this is entirely new. Um, it piggybacks off of the immune based therapies that have been gaining some ground recently. Um, tell us a little bit about this approach and how important is mRNA as a platform in the cancer field? Yeah, as a platform, it's fascinating to think about the possibilities. And I think we can celebrate the fact that it's year over year scientific progress that has led us to the kind of announcement we celebrated in the industry just a couple of weeks ago. This is decades of progress, decades of new knowledge, decades of even failure, and learning from that failure that bring forward these kinds of results. Let me, um, not just uplift the scientific discovery that used to be maybe on an annual basis, we would celebrate something significant. But but innovation is moving so rapidly now that these celebrations, these, these big moments are now almost on a monthly basis. And we should expect that speed to continue. I see a number of our partners here in the room today. American Cancer Society partners, where we're collaborating together on these kinds of moments. But I would say equally important is not just the acceleration of the technology, it's ensuring and the drugs and the therapeutics. It's ensuring that everyone in this country has access to the innovation. Otherwise, the innovation falls short of its potential. And at the American Cancer Society, among the things we think about is that equitable access to care treatment and these discoveries that we celebrate now on nearly a monthly basis. Right. Um, Andrea, I want to ask you about the mRNA approach. And when you talk about resistance is an immune based approach like this, uh, less likely to have people develop resistance? Is it going to address that in a better way? I think the hope in general in vaccines and immunotherapy, as well as that they harness the immune system, which is really the most powerful drug we have. Right? It's our own immune system. It can fight anything as long as it's equipped to do so. And it recognizes something as foreign. And so it's really that that combination that needs to happen for therapy to work. So a vaccine is one approach where it shows a little bit of the the foreign body, the cancer, for example. And then the immune system learns that this is foreign, recruits an army, recruits an army that remembers. The cancer a bit like a virus. Exactly like a virus. And that's the goal, right? That's the goal of the vaccine. But even immunotherapy in general is the same idea. It's just drugs that take the brakes off of the cancer's, you know, sort of takes the brakes off the immune system and allows the immune system to fight the cancer. And then really unbelievable things happen. And you've reported some recent success in using immuno therapy, immune based methods for treating rectal cancer. Um, tell us a little bit about that and why that's such an advance. Yeah. So this was in patients with early stage rectal cancer that had a specific mutation called mismatch repair deficiency. And this mutation just makes tumors that are that have lots and lots of mutations or what are called neoantigens, like little flags on the on the cancer that make them look very foreign to the immune system. So the individual patient's immune cells are already kind of looking at the tumor, wanting to attack it. But the tumor is smart and has a lot of what are called checkpoints and sort of ways to block the immune system from doing what it wants to do. So when you give immunotherapy, it breaks that bond and it allows the immune system to truly attack the cell. And in our study, what we did is we gave immunotherapy early on as a first maneuver for patients with early stage rectal cancer and normally rectal cancer. We treat with chemo, we treat with radiation. We're seeing lots of young people in women radiation, the ovaries in the field, uteruses in the field. It's automatic menopause, inability to have kids surgery. About 30% of patients need a permanent bag just because of where the rectum is located. And so what we did is we thought, well, what if we start with immunotherapy and give that first and see how much we can get away with just immunotherapy alone? And what we saw is that these tumors were so exquisitely sensitive to immunotherapy that they melted away completely. And no one needed chemo, radiation or surgery. And the patients are alive and well. We've had actually five babies born, two people on the study that normally would not have been able to have children because they really had no sequelae of the cancer treatment, because all they had to receive was immunotherapy. So I think this is thank you. This is a, you know, really powerful example. It's a really powerful example of what can happen when we have a really good biomarker, a really good target and a really good drug that in this case harnesses the immune system and just really allows it to do what it wants to do and, you know, attack a common cold, which sometimes takes a little longer than other times, but nevertheless works, you know, magically. So you talked pretty quickly over that, but, you know, no one needed chemotherapy, radiation or surgery. That's huge. And the fact that we are now looking at using immunotherapy to essentially cure these patients and use it early without these invasive therapies that have become the mainstay of cancer. Tell us about that transformation. How close are we to seeing that in more than rectal cancer? I think we're very close, actually. I think that's the most exciting part. I mean, this is important. It's about 3% of the population. We studied patients with tumors outside of the rectum as well, where we also saw these amazing responses and really replaced standard of care with just immunotherapy alone. But now the next challenge is using immunotherapy alone in patients with tumors that aren't naturally kind of you know, that the immune system doesn't see that are hiding from the immune system, which in the case of colon cancer is called mismatch repair proficient tumors. And seeing what proportion of those patients might benefit from immunotherapy alone. And it looks like it's probably not a small percent. If you have good drugs, it's not just one immunotherapy but a combination. We're actually running that study now and should have some data very soon. But it's really quite exciting because I think with the proper combination in early stage disease. There are many more tumors that are sensitive to immunotherapy than we originally thought, where we might be able to get away with just immunotherapy alone. How many different types of tumors are you studying in this trial? We're in this one particular study now. We're doing just rectal cancer. But the plan is to then advance it to other solid tumors where that are early stage that might need radiation or surgery, which is what we did with the mismatch repair deficient tumors. Okay. Shane, this approach is part of a huge transformation that's that's occurring in cancer care. That also involves a lot of personalization. You know, we heard Andrea talk about matching people's tumors, like getting that genetic sequence so you know exactly what tumor they have and how to tackle it. Um, how important is this shift toward personalized care in cancer? And do you see it as being something that is going to make cancer care more equitable and accessible for people. Certainly the Alice, the potential is there. I would say the system is not currently set up to embrace it. The system was designed for a hyper personalized care approach. And we always hear about like, personalized approaches are too expensive, not worth it, not scalable. So we need something that's more kind of broad based, right? That's right. So so really, if, if you look at the challenge as an end to end to end challenge that we're tackling here, I think we can't simply look at the moment in time where the personalized care, the personalized intervention is actually durable and accessible. It actually starts well before that, that point, even getting to a screening to begin with, having access to a primary care provider to begin with. If an individual's three hours away from care, how do they access a physician scientist who's doing amazing work? So it is it's a broader challenge, but it's an exciting moment. I think we also see, I think, the need for collaboration. I think we have to out collaborate. Cancer really, at the end of the day is what we're here to do. There's not any one solution. There's not any one organization that can do it alone. So I know we have a number of philanthropists in the room who are supporting amazing research. They're supporting organizations that do work across the continuum of cancer. What I would continue to encourage us to ask as organizations, as investors, as donors, what collaborative tissue are you building by leaning in? What questions are you asking on the front end that harness the capabilities and the superpowers of multiple organizations to try to solve these end to end problems? So yes, the technology and the innovation can be developed when we have brilliant scientists and ideas, and further downstream, we can connect more people to where we're going from an innovation standpoint. So that to your question, as more personalized care becomes available, the system can embrace it. But we're talking about a whole new way of thinking about cancer, right? And part of that is screening for it to understand who's at risk. But not only that, Andrea, as you were saying, to understand what kinds of cancer people have, which means genetic sequencing, I'd like to start with you and ask you about should everyone be getting genetic sequencing as a baseline? And if they're diagnosed with cancer, getting their tumors genetically sequenced? And how accessible is that to patients now? I think if they're diagnosed with cancer, absolutely, they should get their tumor sequenced. I think it's, you know, incredibly important and I think reasonably accessible. It's still absolutely a challenge. You know, obviously coming from an academic center, it's an automatic thing that we do, not necessarily so much so in the community. So I think there's a lot of work to be done in that, where we base many of our decisions, even right from the early stage disease, we decide on metastatic disease treatment based on molecular markers. I think likewise, every cancer patient should have their gene sequence to see if this is hereditary. We used to recommend it just for young patients because we know it's much more common in young adults. But there is actually a benefit. We believe in everyone to be tested, you know, for hereditary mutations. Um, everyone outside of cancer, I think is a trickier question. I think the problem is how do we act on it? What does it lead to? Does it actually help quality of life, longevity, all of those things I think I think are a bit still to be determined eventually. I think we'll be there, but maybe it's a little bit premature for that, I think. Shane, your thoughts on that, both on screening general population for cancer risk as well as the the need for genetic sequencing if you are diagnosed with a tumor. Where the American Cancer Society focuses. Our effort in the space of screening and early detection is a combination of two primary areas of focus one, if we if we look at cancer mortality, half of individuals who who succumb to cancer succumb to a cancer that was actually able to be diagnosed at stage one or earlier, and they just don't have it diagnosed early enough, where there's a 90% plus chance often of beating that cancer. We have a lot of work to do to move an entire population towards trusting the health care systems, accessing the health health care systems, following the current guidelines. So expanding screening. Expanding the screening framework. And additionally, 70% of cancers are not screenable right now. We have work to do to accelerate innovation. And it's it's in the pipeline, right? There are talented organizations, businesses, enterprise cancer centers trying to solve for the screening challenge. So we have more work to do to drive into innovation. The American Cancer Society. Seven years ago started a venture fund called Bright Edge. Part of what we do now is think about how can we take the amazing research that we and others fund at the American Cancer Society? A lot of people don't realize this. We have a a half $1 billion research portfolio. It's the largest non-governmental, non-profit cancer research portfolio in the country. So we're funding amazing ideas, identifying discoveries. And now Bright Edge, for example, is identifying ways that we can move ideas closer to actual real patient impact through commercial strategies and addressing then that 70% of cancers not being screenable gap. So building out that earlier idea that we can out collaborate cancer, I think it takes more time and attention in these areas where each of us can bring our superpowers together and identify where we can create more leverage to solve these challenges. How important are blood based tests for cancer? Right now, we hear about circulating tumor DNA, where you can pick up signs of cancer in the blood. But the blood, of course, has a lot of other things. How far along is the science and how close are we to having a quick blood test that can tell you, oh, you're at TK percent risk of this kind of cancer in the next five years. Well, from from a I won't answer this as a as an oncologist from a, from a guideline standpoint, we just added to the colorectal screening guidelines, blood based as. How many cancers now have a blood based. As an option? So that is the first one that we added. First one. Okay, so there's one now. So so the innovation in technology and efficacy are catching up. Of course colonoscopies still continue to be the leading recommendation. But at the American Cancer Society, we've moved our guidelines to a rolling guidelines process instead of every 5 or 10 years. So constantly paying attention to the developments in business and industry and in the research and in the labs so that we can evolve guidelines with the efficacy of the of the screening opportunities. Okay. We've got a few few seconds left here. So I want to leave you with asking both of you the same question, which is will we cure cancer? And if the answer is yes, what does that cure look like? Let's start with you, Andrea. Absolutely. We will. Um, I think, you know, probably it will be with prevention, early detection and prevention. I think that is going to be, um, ultimately what, what cures cancer? So reducing the amount of advanced disease that we see. Exactly. And catching it early stage where we're making huge strides already. Okay. Shane. Yes. I wouldn't be in this role if I didn't think that we could close the doors of the American Cancer Society. You were going to say. That once and for all. And I think it's cures, plural. It's not one one cure. And we're seeing that now. Now today. It's the acceleration of research. Of course prevention. Absolutely. 40% of all cancers are preventable based on personally modifiable characteristics and decisions in our lives. So it is absolutely as Andrea mentioned, one of the important points we need to accelerate. But yes, we we can and we will. And I think we're only going to see speed. We're going to see speed be our friend, that we can move innovation to a point where we can more confidently show those results. We're going to need to have the health care systems keep pace and accelerate with and policy move and keep pace with the speed of innovation. And regulators as well. All right. Shane, Andrea, thank you so much. Really appreciate your perspective on this. 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