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# Desert oasis a lifeline for migratory birds

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![](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt70ac7d8dd64aa87b/6ac6486333338428a1046595/3_Desert_oasis_a_lifeline_for_migratory_birds.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=4:5)

_Black storks gather in the Zhangye Heihe Wetland in Gansu province. SHAN GUOFENG / FOR CHINA DAILY_

By HU YUMENG and MA JINGNA

For nearly three months, a young black stork stayed in its nest on a cliff in Gansu province, waiting to learn how to fly. Then the time came for the nestling to leave its temporary home in Gaotai county, Zhangye.

Other chicks in the same nest had already flown off. But the third, whose leg had been broken, remained behind.

Documentary filmmaker Zhao Hai remembered the scene while watching footage captured by an infrared camera near the nest.

The young bird hesitated to leave the nest, while its parents stayed nearby. Eventually, the chick took off. Its parents flew alongside it for a while, as if encouraging it on its first flight.

For Zhao, who has observed birds for about 30 years and filmed them for more than two decades, it was one of many moments that have made black storks more than a subject for his camera. “When we watch birds, sometimes their behavior is basically the same as that of humans,” he said.

Such moments are difficult to capture. Black storks are highly wary of people, and Zhao has tried to minimize disturbing them while filming.

So far, he has filmed two nests through most of the breeding process. But what he has seen at the nests is part of a much larger story unfolding along the Zhangye Heihe Wetland.

The wetlands are sometimes described by locals as a “bird airport.”

Wetland ranger Jiang Yonghong sees this seasonal traffic firsthand as he patrols the Zhengyi Gorge area in Gaotai, a natural breeding ground for black storks.

Zhangye sits on the edge of the vast Badain Jaran Desert, the third-largest desert in China, covering about 19,000 square miles. The desert stretches across much of the landscape to the north and west, while the Qilian Mountains rise to its south. The Heihe River cuts through this dry landscape, creating wetlands where migratory birds can stop, feed and rest.

The Zhangye Heihe Wetland National Nature Reserve includes natural habitats such as the Heihe River and its tributaries and marshes, as well as man-made reservoirs and artificial lakes, said Shan Guofeng, head of the reserve’s animal and plant protection department. The diverse habitats support 246 bird species, including 107 waterbird species, along with nationally protected wildlife.

Located along key sections of the Central Asian-India flyway and the East Asian-Australasian flyway, Gansu serves as an important stopover for hundreds of thousands of migratory birds.

Large numbers of migratory birds arrive from early September, with the number peaking around mid-October, Jiang said. Black storks are one of the main species, while other waterbirds use reservoirs, shallow waters and mudflats.

Known as the “giant panda of birds,” the black stork is demanding when it comes to its habitat requirements. It needs clean water, sufficient food and minimal human disturbance to breed and survive. For this reason, the species is often seen as a natural indicator of an ecosystem’s health.

Black storks often choose the cliffs around Zhengyi Gorge in the reserve for breeding because they are high and relatively isolated, Jiang said. Their proximity to the wetlands also allows them to forage for fish and shrimp and carry food back to their nests.

The breeding season typically begins in late March or early April. Chicks generally hatch around May and begin leaving the nest in late July or early August.

During the breeding period, conservation workers place warning signs and fences around some nests and, when necessary, place small fish and shrimp in the river to supplement natural food sources.

The water that makes this “airport” possible comes from much farther away.

Far upstream, snow, glaciers, permafrost and precipitation feed streams in the Qilian Mountains. Their runoff gathers into rivers and eventually flows into the Heihe River, sustaining ecosystems across the arid Hexi Corridor.

In an otherwise dry landscape, the Heihe River and its tributaries thread through a 101,800-acre reserve in Zhangye, creating a mosaic of rivers, lakes, ponds, forests, grasslands and wetlands.

“The Qilian Mountains are the source of life for the Hexi Corridor,” said Xu Erwen, director of the Gansu Qilian Mountain Water Conservation Forest Research Institute.

For the birds that rely on the wetlands, a stable water supply is not an abstract ecological goal. It determines whether there is enough habitat and food when required.

Jiang said dry conditions this year have reduced water availability in some areas. Black storks feed on small fish and shrimp, as well as dragonfly larvae and tadpoles. When water becomes scarce, their feeding grounds can shrink and their food sources can become less abundant.

For black storks in particular, habitat restoration has focused on creating shallow-water feeding grounds. As wading birds, they do not forage well in deep water, so restoration work has included areas generally no deeper than 20 inches where the birds can catch fish, Shan said.

Targeted habitat restoration for black storks began in 2025 and continued this year, alongside patrols, measures to reduce human disturbance, and the provision of small fish and shrimp during the breeding season when food is limited.

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