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# Ainissa Ramirez

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## Ainissa Ramirez


Scientist and co-author of [Newton's Football](http://www.randomhouse.com/book/225667/newtons-football-by-allen-st-john-and-ainissa-g-ramirez-phd).


## Ainissa Ramirez


* ![Children The First Day Of Desegregation](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt3336c75dd8650637/698a10ad4ee2629f5f317c02/desegregation.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Jul 24, 2020  
### [How Camera Film Captured the Bias in American Culture](https://time.com/5871502/film-race-history/)  
Technologies, such as photographic film, sometimes capture the issues and beliefs and values of the ...  
[HISTORY](/section/history/)
* ![Map of time zones into which the US was divided into.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta9e36e9a55090eef/698a0626929fadc2a3bf546c/time-zones.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Nov 18, 2019  
### [The Day Clocks Changed Across America: What Happened When the U.S. Adopted Standardized Time](https://time.com/5730146/standardized-time/)  
Before that day, there were 27 local times in Michigan, 27 in Illinois and 23 in Indiana  
[HISTORY](/section/history/)
* ![495378252](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta630ee8c6d4f87c6/698872743c16393d3b45adff/gettyimages-495378252.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Nov 23, 2015  
### [Why Your Nose Will Make or Break Thanksgiving](https://time.com/4124485/nose-smell-taste-thanksgiving/)  
A cold could be your worst enemy on Thanksgiving  
[SCIENCE](/section/science/)
* ![Gateway Arch](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt6b1cca26336edd69/6988692ccd1bbaa8f46fdbcf/gateway.jpeg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Oct 28, 2015  
### [The Science That Made the Gateway Arch Stand](https://time.com/4081646/gateway-arch-stainless-steel/)  
The St. Louis monument was completed 50 years ago, but it took centuries of science to make it possi...  
[HISTORY](/section/history/)
* ![](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blte36e8c2d7ff5d37f/698866cbcd1bbaeca36fd7e3/gettyimages-88852701.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Oct 3, 2015  
### [Learn the Surprising Science Behind the Football Spiral](https://time.com/4060258/football-spiral-science/)  
How does a football spiral? Gravity is the trick.  
[SCIENCE](/section/science/)  
* ![Matthew Slater, Devin McCourty, Stephen Schilling](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt6d46fcfc7c4e472e/698864382dce01779b9e5944/1920-coin-toss.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Sep 18, 2015  
### [Why the Coin Toss is Random](https://time.com/4040408/why-the-coin-toss-is-random/)  
Heads you win, tails you lose.  
[SCIENCE](/section/science/)
* ![2015 US Open - Day Eight](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt58d8d48faa71310c/6988628c428a9ec147ccefd1/gettyimages-487251982-e1441733285169.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Sep 9, 2015  
### [Explore the Physics Behind the Tennis Drop Shot](https://time.com/4025292/tennis-us-open-drop-shot/)  
How does a tennis drop shot work? With a little help from the air  
[IDEAS](/section/ideas/)
* ![The Progression From Graphite To Graphene](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2d1d3f0a87e2e3e2/69885b8ecd684803c90a0dfb/gettyimages-136649520.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Jul 20, 2015  
### [This Is the 'Miracle Material' That Will Change Everything](https://time.com/3964302/miracle-material-graphene-graphite/)  
It's called graphene, and it's found in your No. 2 pencil  
[SCIENCE](/section/science/)
* ![Fireworks illuminate the night sky above](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt4b6dee84fd8e3776/69885943cd1bba72de6fc165/fireworks-still.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Jul 1, 2015  
### [The Science of Why We Love Fireworks](https://time.com/3943140/science-fireworks-galaxy-astronomy/)  
How do fireworks work? The same way the universe does  
[SCIENCE](/section/science/)
* ![1934 Kansas City Monarchs](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt0c1f9855b179ed5f/6987ed15e20a87420ca89185/monarchs.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Apr 28, 2015  
### [How Night Games Changed Baseball History](https://time.com/3837130/night-baseball-history/)  
Electric lights and racial integration have a surprising connection  
[HISTORY](/section/history/)  
* ![Lincoln Funeral Train](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt562aba56ed428001/698786ab5f570f1887b1617a/funeral-train.jpeg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Apr 15, 2015  
### [How Lincoln’s Final Journey Brought the Country Together](https://time.com/3771210/lincoln-funeral-train/)  
A 1,600-mi. train journey was the President’s last great contribution to the cause of unity  
[HISTORY](/section/history/)
* ![Science explains how frog legs made the Oscar Awards possible](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt5e8d3f411b22ea94/6987801f5f570f4afab155f0/1280.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Feb 19, 2015  
### [See How Frog Legs Helped Make the Oscars Possible](https://time.com/3715592/how-frog-legs-helped-make-the-oscars-possible/)  
Science explains how those Academy Awards are made  
[ENTERTAINMENT](/section/entertainment/)
* ![NFL Football](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt77e56398b8ab630b/6986a722f983e7556f0500d1/nfl-los-angeles.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)  
Jan 29, 2015  
### [How a Digital Football Could Have Saved Us From Deflategate](https://time.com/3687952/super-bowl-deflategate-digital-pigskin/)  
Footballs have come a long way since their early days as pig’s bladders.  
[IDEAS](/section/ideas/)

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