--- title: Rosa Parks at 100 description: Today marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of civil rights icon Rosa Parks. On December 1, 1955, a 42 year-old Parks refused to give... canonical: https://time.com/archive/7183481/rosa-parks-at-100/ author: TIME Staff article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2013-02-04T16:18:09.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-03-18T07:16:28.416Z article:section: Politics og:title: Rosa Parks at 100 og:description: Today marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of civil rights icon Rosa Parks. On December 1, 1955, a 42 year-old Parks refused to give... og:url: https://time.com/archive/7183481/rosa-parks-at-100/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt0ae8331c53188345/698b232acabb1de4bde5b911/rosa-parks.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1448 og:image:height: 815 og:image:alt: FILE PHOTO OF CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVIST ROSA PARKS AT MEDAL CEREMONY IN WASHINGTON. og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: Rosa Parks at 100 twitter:description: Today marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of civil rights icon Rosa Parks. On December 1, 1955, a 42 year-old Parks refused to give... twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt0ae8331c53188345/698b232acabb1de4bde5b911/rosa-parks.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  * [Politics](/section/politics/) # Rosa Parks at 100 > Sponsored content. 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Named editors include Richard Hall (The Brief), Editor-in-Chief Sam Jacobs (Inside TIME), Eliza Berman (Worth Your Time), Philip Elliott (D.C. Brief), Justin Worland (Future Proof) and Harry Booth (In the Loop). Health Matters is written by TIME's health desk. #### How do I sign up for a TIME newsletter? Go to time.com/newsletters, choose the newsletters you want and enter your email address. There is no cost and no subscription requirement. ### Sources * TIME Newsletters: [time.com/newsletters](/c/time-nl-network-2026q3/newsletters?i=da02dc70-9105-442e-8135-f76e2418d844&cr=time-nl-network-2026q3-v1) by [TIME Staff](https://time.com/author/time-staff/) Feb 4, 2013 4:18 PM UTC  File photo showing civil rights icon Rosa Parks at a ceremony where she was presented with the Congressional Gold Medal, on June 15, 1999\. The U.S. Supreme Court cleared the way December 8, 2003 for Parks to proceed with her lawsuit against OutKast and others over the rap music duo's hit song with her name as its title. The justices let stand a U.S. appeals court ruling that reinstated Parks' false advertising and publicity claims against OutKast and three Bertelsmann AG units. Parks made history in 1955 when she refused to give up her seat to a white man and move to the back of a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama. REUTERS/William Philpott GN - RTRQ25P File photo showing civil rights icon Rosa Parks at a ceremony where she was presented with the Congressional Gold Medal, on June 15, 1999\. The U.S. Supreme Court cleared the way December 8, 2003 for Parks to proceed with her lawsuit against OutKast and others over the rap music duo's hit song with her name as its title. The justices let stand a U.S. appeals court ruling that reinstated Parks' false advertising and publicity claims against OutKast and three Bertelsmann AG units. Parks made history in 1955 when she refused to give up her seat to a white man and move to the back of a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama. REUTERS/William Philpott GN - RTRQ25P REUTERS by [TIME Staff](https://time.com/author/time-staff/) Feb 4, 2013 4:18 PM UTC Today marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of civil rights icon Rosa Parks. On December 1, 1955, a 42 year-old Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus, landing her in prison. The courageous act set in motion the Montgomery bus boycott and is viewed as an impetus to the American civil rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks of her decision. The Rev. Jesse L. Jackson Sr. commemorated the death of Rosa Parks in 2005 in [TIME](http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1124353,00.html#ixzz2Jwf6TXaQ): With quiet courage and nonnegotiable dignity, Rosa Parks was an activist and a freedom fighter who transformed a nation and confirmed a notion that ordinary people can have an extraordinary effect on the world. In her declining health, I would often visit Mrs. Parks, and once asked her the most basic question: Why did you do it? She said the inspiration for her Dignity Day in 1955 occurred three months prior, when African-American Emmett Till’s murdered and disfigured body was publicly displayed for the world to see. “When I thought about Emmett Till,” she told me, “I could not go to the back of the bus.” Her feet never ached. Mrs. Parks’ defiance led immediately to a 381-day bus boycott drum majored by a 26-year-old Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.and ultimately to a nine-year march culminating in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which forced red states to comply with the Brown v. Board of Education decision rendered a decade earlier. Her righteous indignation literally changed the world. Long before the Internet, the mother of the civil rights movement cast her global net from the long walk to freedom of Nelson Mandela and black South Africans to the temerity of Chinese students who, against tanks at Tiananmen Square, dared to challenge unjust government policies. Mrs. Parks, who died last week at age 92, was never driven by any political agenda, and she was never abrasive. She united us all with peace and perseverance. God bless her soul, and may the light of liberation forever shine. The Associated Press has [reported](http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/postal-service-issues-special-rosa-parks-stamp-18399445) that the U.S. Postal Service has issued a special “Rosa Parks Forever” stamp today in her honor. _For those of you with TIME subscriptions, click_ [_here_](http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,991252-1,00.html) _to see Rita Dove’s profile of Rosa Parks from 1999._ ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/archive/7183481/rosa-parks-at-100/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/archive/7183481/rosa-parks-at-100/"},"headline":"Rosa Parks at 100","datePublished":"2013-02-04T16:18:09.000Z","dateModified":"2026-03-18T07:16:28.416Z","description":"Today marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of civil rights icon Rosa Parks. 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