--- title: Flame Fighting Chemicals Abundant in House Dust and Sofas description: Chemicals are commonly added to furniture, carpeting, and even electronic devices to limit the risk of fire. But at what cost? Two new studies published... canonical: https://time.com/archive/7137130/flame-fighting-chemicals-abundant-in-house-dust-and-sofas/ author: TIME Staff article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2012-11-29T15:00:45.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-03-16T10:11:52.230Z article:section: Health og:title: Flame Fighting Chemicals Abundant in House Dust and Sofas og:description: Chemicals are commonly added to furniture, carpeting, and even electronic devices to limit the risk of fire. But at what cost? Two new studies published... og:url: https://time.com/archive/7137130/flame-fighting-chemicals-abundant-in-house-dust-and-sofas/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltbdcc917b57e31af3/698a9316d0753389cfe76d92/stk314539rknflamecrop.jpg?branch=production&width=600&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 600 og:image:height: 338 og:image:alt: Sofa with cushions og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: Flame Fighting Chemicals Abundant in House Dust and Sofas twitter:description: Chemicals are commonly added to furniture, carpeting, and even electronic devices to limit the risk of fire. But at what cost? Two new studies published... twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltbdcc917b57e31af3/698a9316d0753389cfe76d92/stk314539rknflamecrop.jpg?branch=production&width=600&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  * [Health](/section/health/) # Flame Fighting Chemicals Abundant in House Dust and Sofas by [TIME Staff](https://time.com/author/time-staff/) Nov 29, 2012 3:00 PM UTC  Stockbyte / Getty Images by [TIME Staff](https://time.com/author/time-staff/) Nov 29, 2012 3:00 PM UTC Chemicals are commonly added to furniture, carpeting, and even electronic devices to limit the risk of fire. But at what cost? Two new studies published journal _Environmental Science & Technology_ highlight the potential dangers of[ flame retardants](http://healthland.time.com/2010/10/28/chemical-safety-scientists-come-out-against-chemical-flame-retardants-in-ordinary-products/) — including chemicals linked to cancer and to hormone disruption — that are probably present in nearly every American home. **MORE:** [BPA Linked with Obesity in Kids and Teens](http://healthland.time.com/2012/09/18/bpa-linked-with-obesity-in-kids-and-teens/) One of the two new studies focuses on sofa cushions. Researchers from Duke University, Boston University, and University of [California](http://topics.time.com/california/) Berkeley took cushions from sofas across the U.S. and found that there were suspect flame-retardant chemicals in 85% of them. The second study shows how those chemicals then likely migrate out of furniture and into the air we breathe. Scientists at Silent Spring Institute in [Massachusetts](http://topics.time.com/massachusetts/) analyzed household dust in California and found that, in most of the 16 homes tested, there was at least one chemical present at potentially unsafe levels. “What’s concerning about this is that so many of these chemicals we’re finding are associated with hormone disruption or cancer, or haven’t been tested,” says Robin Dodson, a research scientist at Silent Spring Institute. “It’s worrisome.” **MORE:** [The Hazards Lurking at Home](http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1976909%5F1976895%5F1976914,00.html) The chemicals detected include polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which the Environmental Protection Agency[ claims](http://www.epa.gov/oppt/existingchemicals/pubs/qanda.html) “may cause liver toxicity, thyroid toxicity, and neurodevelopmental toxicity.” (PBDEs have been [phased out ](http://www.epa.gov/oppt/existingchemicals/pubs/actionplans/pbde.html)of manufacturing since 2004, following increased regulation of potentially harmful chemicals.) Also present in household dust were chemicals, such as the insecticide DDT, that have been banned for many years for their potential to cause cancer and disrupt reproductive development. The researchers also found[ tris](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6939915), an agent known to break up DNA in chromosomes that was banned from children’s sleepwear because of its cancer-causing potential, as well as newer chemicals that are being used as a replacement for PBDEs. The study authors complain that these newer chemicals have not yet been adequately tested for safety. Why the prevalence of so many flame retardants? The compounds are present in home furnishings not so much to prevent fire deaths as to comply with a single, little-known California ruling about the combustibility of furniture. As the _New York Times Magazine_ [explained](http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/09/magazine/arlene-blums-crusade-against-household-toxins.html) in an article earlier this year: --- > “” --- And while that regulation applies only to California, manufacturers decided to apply the regulation to all of their products rather than creating special runs for couches destined for the west coast. The result is furniture that now complies with the policy across the United States. **MORE:** [Environmental Toxins Cost Billions in Childhood Disease](http://healthland.time.com/2011/05/04/environmental-toxins-cost-billions-in-childhood-disease/) The irony, according to some researchers of flame retardants’ health effects, is that the chemicals may not actually make us any safer from fire. The chemicals do help to prevent things from lighting up. But they may simultaneously make a fire more dangerous once it starts, some research suggests. That’s because the fire retardants themselves, once they start burning, [produce more smoke, more soot, and more carbon monoxide](http://jfs.sagepub.com/content/18/6/430.abstract) than foam alone. Because of the mounting health and environmental evidence against chemical flame retardants, California’s Governor, Jerry Brown, [called ](http://bedtimesmagazine.com/2012/07/california-governor-orders-overhaul-of-furniture-flammability-standard/)for a revamping of the state’s rules around furniture flammability, which may be a first step toward addressing the widespread presence of the chemicals in American homes. Still, environmentalists argue that it likely won’t get dangerous toxins out of our living rooms any time soon. **MORE:** [Exposure to Air Pollution in Pregnancy May Boost Chances of Obesity in Kids](http://healthland.time.com/2012/04/17/exposure-to-air-pollution-in-pregnancy-may-boost-chances-of-obese-kids/) That’s because chemical regulations allow manufacturers to produce and sell new products with minimal safety testing, which is how the flame retardants were introduced into cushions in the first place. _TIME_‘s Bryan Walsh explains in his 2010 analysis of the [poorly understood toxins in plastics](http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1976909%5F1976908%5F1976938,00.html #ixzz2DYXOP6mX): --- > “” --- As Silent Spring’s Robin Dodson says: “We need to stop being so hindsighted in approach, and start testing these chemicals before we use them.” In the meantime, replacing older couches with newer ones (those made after 2005 were less likely to contain PBDEs), vacuuming with a HEPA filter and wet-mopping to thoroughly remove dust can reduce exposure to stubborn particulates that may have migrated from treated furniture. ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/archive/7137130/flame-fighting-chemicals-abundant-in-house-dust-and-sofas/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/archive/7137130/flame-fighting-chemicals-abundant-in-house-dust-and-sofas/"},"headline":"Flame Fighting Chemicals Abundant in House Dust and Sofas","datePublished":"2012-11-29T15:00:45.000Z","dateModified":"2026-03-16T10:11:52.230Z","description":"Chemicals are commonly added to furniture, carpeting, and even electronic devices to limit the risk of fire. But at what cost? Two new studies published...","url":"https://time.com/archive/7137130/flame-fighting-chemicals-abundant-in-house-dust-and-sofas/","keywords":["house","chemicals","Toxic","home"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltbdcc917b57e31af3/698a9316d0753389cfe76d92/stk314539rknflamecrop.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"TIME Staff","url":"https://time.com/author/time-staff/"}],"articleSection":"Health","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltbdcc917b57e31af3/698a9316d0753389cfe76d92/stk314539rknflamecrop.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"Sofa with cushions","caption":"","creditText":"Stockbyte / Getty Images","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/health/","name":"Health"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/archive/7137130/flame-fighting-chemicals-abundant-in-house-dust-and-sofas/","name":"Flame Fighting Chemicals Abundant in House Dust and Sofas"}}]}] ```