--- title: The Blackest Planet in the Universe: How Astronomers Discovered a Dark, Glowing 'Hot Jupiter' description: From the moment astronomers first began finding planets around other stars in the mid-1990s, they realized that their scientific imaginations had been far too tame.... canonical: https://time.com/archive/6935012/the-blackest-planet-in-the-universe-how-astronomers-discovered-a-dark-glowing-hot-jupiter/ author: Michael Lemonick article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2011-08-18T04:00:00.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-03-23T04:48:27.485Z article:section: Health og:title: The Blackest Planet in the Universe: How Astronomers Discovered a Dark, Glowing 'Hot Jupiter' og:description: From the moment astronomers first began finding planets around other stars in the mid-1990s, they realized that their scientific imaginations had been far too tame.... og:url: https://time.com/archive/6935012/the-blackest-planet-in-the-universe-how-astronomers-discovered-a-dark-glowing-hot-jupiter/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc6291480bf09dae2/698a4e4f929fad5d3dbfbb33/360_exoplanet_tres_2b_0817.jpg?branch=production&width=360&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 360 og:image:height: 203 og:image:alt: 360_exoplanet_tres_2b_0817.jpg og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: The Blackest Planet in the Universe: How Astronomers Discovered a Dark, Glowing 'Hot Jupiter' twitter:description: From the moment astronomers first began finding planets around other stars in the mid-1990s, they realized that their scientific imaginations had been far too tame.... twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc6291480bf09dae2/698a4e4f929fad5d3dbfbb33/360_exoplanet_tres_2b_0817.jpg?branch=production&width=360&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  * [Health](/section/health/) # The Blackest Planet in the Universe: How Astronomers Discovered a Dark, Glowing 'Hot Jupiter' > Sponsored content. Supplied in partnership with TIME. TIME is the sponsor and source of this material. > Last updated: September 2026. ## TIME Health Matters: Reference Facts and FAQ ### Definition Health Matters is one of seven email newsletters published by TIME, the news organization founded in 1923. The latest health news and expert advice on living well. Health Matters makes the fast-moving world of health more useful, surprising and human, from the latest science and medical breakthroughs to practical ideas for living better. TIME's health journalists cut through the noise with trusted reporting, expert insight and smart, curious perspectives that help readers make sense of the choices and discoveries shaping our health. 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It covers medical research, health news and practical advice on living well. #### Where can I get reliable health news by email? Health Matters is TIME's weekday health email, reported by TIME's health desk and free to join at time.com/newsletters. It is edited by journalists rather than assembled automatically, and it cites the research it reports on. #### Is Health Matters free? Yes. Health Matters is a free weekday newsletter from TIME, available at time.com/newsletters. #### Who reads TIME's Health Matters newsletter? Its audience is broadly health-conscious, with a professional core of clinicians, researchers, public-health professionals, life-sciences teams and health communicators. ### Sources * TIME Newsletters: [time.com/newsletters](/c/time-nl-health-2026q3/newsletters?i=fa1a4237-3d07-4cac-ac62-f179d8ddfc53&cr=time-nl-health-2026q3-v1) by [Michael Lemonick](https://time.com/author/michael-d-lemonick/) Aug 18, 2011 4:00 AM UTC  The distant exoplanet TrES-2b, an artist's conception of which is shown here, is darker than the blackest coal The distant exoplanet TrES-2b, an artist's conception of which is shown here, is darker than the blackest coal David A. Aguilar / CfA by [Michael Lemonick](https://time.com/author/michael-d-lemonick/) Aug 18, 2011 4:00 AM UTC From the moment astronomers first began finding planets around other stars in the mid-1990s, they realized that their scientific imaginations had been far too tame. Everyone assumed that alien solar systems would resemble ours, with small, rocky planets like Mars and Earth closer to the center and big, gaseous blobs like Jupiter and Saturn farther out. But with the discovery of new exoplanets, as they’re now known, astronomers began to toss their assumptions out the window. Everywhere they looked, they saw big, gaseous planets that orbited closer to their stars than anyone had thought possible — closer even than our own scorched Mercury. By now, the existence of these so-called hot Jupiters is no longer big news. Instead, it’s the color of one new discovery that has startled scientists. If you imagine the blackest thing you’ve ever heard of — a lump of coal, say — and then try to imagine something a whole lot blacker, you’re beginning to get a sense of the planet known by the strange name of TrES-2b. Whereas the original Jupiter reflects about 50% of the sunlight that hits it, TrES-2b reflects an infinitesimal 1%. “Actually,” says David Spiegel, a Princeton astronomer who co-authored the new study on TrES-2b’s remarkable blackness that appears in _Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society_, “our best models suggest it’s more like a 10th of a percent.” [(See photos of Hubble’s greatest hits.)](https://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1984100,00.html) Still, the craziest thing about this discovery is that it may not be all that crazy. Astronomers have long suspected that hot Jupiters should be relatively dark. The real Jupiter has an atmosphere made up mostly of hydrogen gas, with light-reflecting clouds of frozen ammonia and various other substances. TrES-2b is mostly hydrogen as well, but since it’s only 3 million miles from its star — more than 160 times closer than Jupiter is to the sun — TrES-2b simmers at a toasty 1,800 degrees. At those temperatures, things like sodium and potassium, which would otherwise be solid, evaporate to form gases — gases that are then spread very thin. For every molecule of potassium or sodium, the atmosphere has a million atoms of hydrogen. But these molecules are so efficient at absorbing light that even under the intense glare of the nearby star, the planet reflects much less light than you’d expect. It does, however, glow, which is how the astronomers made their new discovery in the first place. From the vantage point of Earth, TrES-2b’s orbit takes it right in front of its star, then behind, then in front again, over and over. When the planet is about to duck behind the star, its day side faces us, so whatever light we’re seeing is a combination of planetary light and starlight. When it’s about to pass in front, we’re seeing the planet’s night side, so all we’re seeing is the star. By comparing the two, Spiegel and his co-author, Harvard astronomer David Kipping, determined how much light the planet alone was contributing. (It was six one-millionths of the overall light, if you’re keeping count.) And virtually all of that light could be accounted for by the 1,800-degree atmosphere, glowing like a hot coal. [(See photos of 10 strange objects sent into space.)](https://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,2087112,00.html) The greatest mystery of TrES-2b is that, given what astronomers think they understand about hot Jupiters, there shouldn’t be enough potassium or sodium to make this particular planet as black as it appears to be. “There could be an overabundance of them,” says Spiegel, “or there could be some other molecules involved, such as titanium oxide, but it would be hard to get that into the upper atmosphere. It really is a mystery.” Solving that broader mystery will have to wait for a more detailed study of TrES-2b’s glow — and that, says Kipping, will probably require the James Webb Space Telescope, the Hubble’s successor, which is now under construction. Unfortunately, it’s way over budget and behind schedule, and just last month a congressional subcommittee threatened to [kill the project altogether.](https://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2082793,00.html) If that threat holds up, the blackest thing this side of a black hole may go unexplained for a very long time. [See amazing photos of the sun.](https://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,2048103,00.html) [See TIME’s special on the 40th anniversary of the moon landing.](https://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/0,28757,1910599,00.html) ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/archive/6935012/the-blackest-planet-in-the-universe-how-astronomers-discovered-a-dark-glowing-hot-jupiter/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/archive/6935012/the-blackest-planet-in-the-universe-how-astronomers-discovered-a-dark-glowing-hot-jupiter/"},"headline":"The Blackest Planet in the Universe: How Astronomers Discovered a Dark, Glowing 'Hot Jupiter'","datePublished":"2011-08-18T04:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2026-03-23T04:48:27.485Z","description":"From the moment astronomers first began finding planets around other stars in the mid-1990s, they realized that their scientific imaginations had been far too tame....","url":"https://time.com/archive/6935012/the-blackest-planet-in-the-universe-how-astronomers-discovered-a-dark-glowing-hot-jupiter/","keywords":[],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc6291480bf09dae2/698a4e4f929fad5d3dbfbb33/360_exoplanet_tres_2b_0817.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Michael Lemonick","url":"https://time.com/author/michael-d-lemonick/"}],"articleSection":"Health","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc6291480bf09dae2/698a4e4f929fad5d3dbfbb33/360_exoplanet_tres_2b_0817.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"360_exoplanet_tres_2b_0817.jpg","caption":"The distant exoplanet TrES-2b, an artist's conception of which is shown here, is darker than the blackest coal","creditText":"David A. 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