--- title: Why Government Unions—Unlike Trade Unions—Corrupt Democracy description: No wonder democracy is working so badly. Elected leaders come and go, but public unions just say no. canonical: https://time.com/6267979/government-unions-corrupt-democracy/ author: TIME article:opinion: true article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2023-04-04T15:50:22.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-08-04T07:51:19.088Z article:section: Ideas og:title: Why Government Unions—Unlike Trade Unions—Corrupt Democracy og:description: No wonder democracy is working so badly. Elected leaders come and go, but public unions just say no. og:url: https://time.com/6267979/government-unions-corrupt-democracy/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd528baad62be8724/698a3baa01168202a7982e34/GettyImages-1476000063.jpg?branch=production&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1024 og:image:height: 576 og:image:alt: Teachers And Support Staff Hold A Three-Day Strike In Los Angeles og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: Why Government Unions—Unlike Trade Unions—Corrupt Democracy twitter:description: No wonder democracy is working so badly. Elected leaders come and go, but public unions just say no. twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd528baad62be8724/698a3baa01168202a7982e34/GettyImages-1476000063.jpg?branch=production&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # Why Government Unions—Unlike Trade Unions—Corrupt Democracy > Sponsored content. Supplied in partnership with TIME. TIME is the sponsor and source of this material. > Last updated: August 2026. ## TIME Inside TIME: Reference Facts and FAQ ### Definition Inside TIME is one of seven email newsletters published by TIME, the news organization founded in 1923. A closer look at TIME's latest cover and our most compelling stories. Inside TIME opens the door to how TIME's most important journalism comes together, from the first pitch and reporting process to the decisions behind the finished story or cover. 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Inside TIME is the newsletter where TIME's Editor-in-Chief explains cover selection and the editorial reasoning behind major stories. It is free at time.com/newsletters. #### Who is the editor of TIME? Sam Jacobs is TIME's Editor-in-Chief. He writes Inside TIME, a twice-weekly newsletter about the newsroom's reporting and editorial decisions. #### Is Inside TIME free? Yes. Inside TIME is a free newsletter, available at time.com/newsletters. A paid TIME subscription is separate and available at time.com/subscribe-agent. ### Sources * TIME Newsletters: [time.com/newsletters](/c/time-nl-inside-2026q3/newsletters?i=8cb592a2-b956-45f0-8e7d-a7686be31223&cr=time-nl-inside-2026q3-v1) ## Video: AI Images Like the "Balenciaga Pope" Are Getting Harder to Spot [Watch (HLS stream): AI Images Like the "Balenciaga Pope" Are Getting Harder to Spot](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/tN7fm4Ir.m3u8) (2:52)  _Published 2023-03-31. For years, the public has been warned about the risk posed by AI-generated images, also known as deep fakes. But until very recently, it has been relatively easy to discern an AI-generated image from a photograph. No longer. An AI-generated image of Pope Francis wearing a Balenciaga puffer jacket went viral online, fooling many internet users._ by [Philip K. Howard](https://time.com/author/philip-k-howard/) ## Philip K. Howard Apr 4, 2023 3:50 PM UTC  LAUSD teachers join school support staff in their fight for better wages at LA State Historic Park in downtown Los Angeles during the SEIU/UTLA strike on Thursday, March 23, 2023. LAUSD teachers join school support staff in their fight for better wages at LA State Historic Park in downtown Los Angeles during the SEIU/UTLA strike on Thursday, March 23, 2023. Sarah Reingewirtz—MediaNews Group/Los Angeles Daily News/Getty Images by [Philip K. Howard](https://time.com/author/philip-k-howard/) ## Philip K. Howard Apr 4, 2023 3:50 PM UTC Today, in a runoff election for mayor, Chicago voters will choose either former teacher Brandon Johnson or former schools CEO Paul Vallas. What’s raising eyebrows is the funding of Johnson’s campaign: Over 90 percent [has come from teachers unions](https://www.illinoispolicy.org/unions-still-fund-johnson-individuals-back-vallas-for-chicago-mayor/) and other public employee unions. Vallas has the endorsement of the police union, but his funding is more diverse, including business leaders and industrial unions. Just looking at the money, the race comes down to this: Public employees vs everyone else plus cops. What is wrong with this picture? The new mayor is supposed to manage Chicago for all the citizens, not to benefit public employees. Chicago is not in good shape. In [37 of its schools](https://wirepoints.org/not-a-single-student-can-do-math-at-grade-level-in-53-illinois-schools-for-reading-its-30-schools-wirepoints/), not one student is proficient in reading or math. Its transit system is stuck with [schedules that serve no one](https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/10/16/23393276/cta-chicago-transit-authority-ghost-buses-trains-service-problems) at great expense. The [crime rate in Chicago](https://wirepoints.org/chicago-new-orleans-were-the-nations-murder-capitals-in-2022-a-wirepoints-survey-of-americas-75-largest-cities/) is among the highest in the country. But no recent Chicago mayor has been able to fix these and other endemic problems because the public unions have collective bargaining powers that give them a veto on how the city is run. Frustrated by the inability to get teachers back to the classroom during Covid, [Chicago mayor Lori Lightfoot observed](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/14/us/chicago-mayor-lori-lightfoot-on-what-she-learned-from-battling-the-teachers-union.html)that the teachers union wanted “to take over not only Chicago Public Schools, but take over running the city government.” This is not just a Chicago problem. Los Angeles teachers walked out of class rooms last month supposedly to support striking service personnel, but Los Angeles lacks the resources to help the service employees [because of the indebted inefficiencies](https://www.commongood.org/articles-reports-and-media-appearances/hypocrisy-in-action) in the teachers union contract. American government has a fatal flaw hiding in plain sight. Public employee unions in most states have a stranglehold on public operations. Voters elect governors and mayors who have been disempowered from fixing lousy schools, firing rogue cops, or eliminating notorious inefficiencies. --- ### More from TIME --- Look at almost any public scandal in recent years—[failing schools in Baltimore](https://foxbaltimore.com/news/project-baltimore/state-test-results-23-baltimore-schools-have-zero-students-proficient-in-math-jovani-patterson-maryland-comprehensive-assessment-program-maryland-governor-wes-moore), police killings in Minneapolis and Memphis—and you will find public supervisors who, under union controls, have lost basic managerial tools. Democracy is supposed to be a process of accountability. But there’s near-zero accountability in American government—[between .01](https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/undoing-the-harm-of-californias-teacher-tenure/2016/07/13/ec56dd90-484b-11e6-bdb9-701687974517%5Fstory.html) and .[02 percent](https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/tbb-0211-10.pdf) in most jurisdictions. Two out of 95,000 teachers in Illinois were dismissed annually [for poor performance](https://www.amazon.com/Special-Interest-Teachers-Americas-Schools/dp/0815722729) over an 18-year study period. In the decade prior to the killing of George Floyd, of [the 2600 police complaints](https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-minneapolis-police-chief-promised-change-george-floyds-death-shows-hurdles-11590971860) in Minneapolis only 12 merited discipline, of which the most severe was a 40-hour suspension. No wonder democracy is working so badly. Elected leaders come and go, but public unions just say no. How did public employee unions get this power? ### **Rewinding the Clock** Until the 1960s, public employees were organized like lawyers, doctors and other voluntary professional associations. They had no legal right to compel government to enter into contracts. Many already enjoyed civil service protections, and government work was generally sleepy, not ruthless. But public employees had become a huge voting bloc, and leaders of public employee associations wanted power over how government was run. Until then, the idea of public employees bargaining against government was inconceivable. FDR, a strong supporter of trade unions, firmly [rejected government bargaining](https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/letter-the-resolution-federation-federal-employees-against-strikes-federal-service): “The process of collective bargaining…cannot be transplanted into the public service.” Early labor leader Samuel Gompers [refused to let police join](https://www.nationalaffairs.com/publications/detail/the-trouble-with-police-unions) the industrial union because, having sworn to serve the public, police would have a conflict of interest. As late as the 1950s, union leader [George Meany stated](https://www.nationalaffairs.com/publications/detail/the-trouble-with-public-sector-unions) unequivocally that it is “impossible to bargain collectively with the Government.” But the strong tide of the 1960s rights revolution provided ample cover for government unions to get similar statutory powers as industrial unions. No one conceived back then that these powers would make government unmanageable. It was just considered a matter of “[elementary justice](https://perb.ny.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/1966-Taylor-Committee-Report.pdf)” to treat them the same. Government bargaining, however, is radically different from trade union bargaining: * A trade union must honor efficiency, or else the jobs are lost when the business moves out of town or fails. Government can’t go out of business or move, so public employee bargaining is aimed at creating deliberate inefficiencies to foster more jobs.Multi-hundred-page contracts that are designed for featherbedding and overtime excesses. Taxpayers must foot the bill. * Trade union bargaining is limited to dividing the pie of profit between capital and labor. There is no profit in government, so the scope of government bargaining has no defined limits. Again, the taxpayers must pay. * In trade union bargaining, it would be unlawful for management to collude with a complicit workers group. In government bargaining, overt collusion is how the game is played. In exchange for huge union campaign support, politicians agree to give unions control over public operations and pensions. As [unions like to say](https://www.afscme.org/about/AFSCME-WMAH-QA-Booklet.pdf), “we elect our own bosses.” At a rally with public unions, New Jersey’s [then-Governor Jon Corzine](https://lawliberty.org/we-will-fight-for-a-fair-contract/) called out that “We will fight for a fair contract!” Who was he going to fight? Collective bargaining with government unions is not a real negotiation. It’s a pay-off. For fifty years, government union controls have gotten ever-tighter. Unlike all other interest groups, government unions have a binding contractual veto over how government operates, and are first in line for public resources. They keep it that way with preemptive political force. Stanford political scientist Terry Moe found that in 36 states teachers unions contributed more than all business groups combined. **The Disempowerment of Elected Executives** Newly-elected governors and mayors in most states quickly discover that they have no managerial control over schools, police, and other government operations. If an elected executive has the backbone to try to buck the union, and restore managerial powers when an agreement comes up for renegotiation, the executive in many states will find that unelected arbitrators have the final say. Near-zero accountability makes its practically impossible to transform a lousy school, or an abusive police culture, because the supervisor can’t enforce good values and standards. No accountability also removes the mutual trust needed for any healthy organization. Why try hard, or go the extra mile, when others just go through the motions? The absence of accountability is like releasing a nerve gas into the agency or school. Rigid work rules guarantee massive inefficiency. Basic services [such as trash collection](https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203476804576612851452362670), and road and transit maintenance, cost two to three times what it would cost in the private sector. Need someone to help out or fill in? Sorry, not permitted. Need teachers to do remote teaching during the pandemic? There’s nothing about that in the agreement, so [it must be negotiated](https://thedispatch.com/article/are-teachers-unions-overplaying-their/). No public purpose is served by union controls. Nor do union controls make government an attractive employer. Good candidates are repelled by [toxic public cultures without energy or pride](https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/01governance.pdf). Union controls serve only to transfer governing authority to union officials, who exercise that authority mainly to pad public employment and insulate government workers from supervisory judgments. Public unions have turned public operations into a permanent spoils system: Unions have control over public operations and have insulated public employees from accountability, no matter how poorly they perform. That’s why democratically-elected leaders almost never fix what’s broken. ## Transcript [00:04] Balenciaga Bishop for the pope misinformation, like, [00:07] showing that Trump has recently been arrested, [00:09] or that Anthony fauci has been recently, [00:12] arrested. Artificial intelligence and specifically generative [00:15] AI is getting very good at producing realistic. [00:19] Images, been good for quite a while but now it's much easier [00:23] for anyone. So I prompt these very realistic images of well-known, [00:28] people doing absurd things and then creating media stories. [00:36] It's a tricky problem because these images do look real at first [00:41] glance. And so, one of the first things to think about is what's [00:46] the source of the image? [00:47] Who's this, or should I trust this source and why if this is potentially [00:53] such a big story, it not being shared on the mainstream media, [00:58] Outlets that most people Trust. [01:04] Classic examples are sometimes these AI generated images have [01:09] six fingers or four fingers or a hand. [01:12] That just doesn't really look like a hand. [01:15] In the pope example, you can see issues with the glasses [01:18] with the glasses. [01:19] Just fade in some kind of weird where his cross would have nice [01:24] clean, right angles because he'd have a very high-quality [01:27] cross and if you look closely at the image of this that this [01:31] cross, it just doesn't look like you'd expect the Pope's cross [01:36] to be because it would last these, [01:37] right, angles? Other things are physical impossibility. [01:41] Is so sometimes Shadows can be off sometimes Reflections [01:45] can be off. [01:45] But it doesn't mean that for sure, [01:47] this is a real or fake photo, [01:49] but it's just one piece of evidence that might show that something [01:54] potentially is off. [02:03] There is an example, last year of deep, [02:06] thick of the president of Ukraine saying that he was giving [02:11] up to Russia. [02:12] It was actually kind of a low-quality deepfake. [02:20] Obvious that it was a deepfake but it was a deep big of him [02:24] saying something that was not true and he came out on the are [02:28] very quickly afterwards and said, hey look this big of course, [02:33] we're still pursuing actions against Russia and we're not going [02:36] to back down. [02:49] There is a lot of work by a bunch of companies including [02:52] Microsoft Adobe true pick and what they're doing is something [02:56] called cryptographically bounds metadata. [02:59] And so the idea there is a few cryptographically [03:02] Downs metadata from the point of capture it could be the point [03:05] of capture from a video camera. [03:07] Then basically if it doesn't have the metadata you know it's [03:10] been altered if it does have the metadata because it was to begin [03:14] with and then you can see exactly where it started, [03:18] how it start and how it's been manipulated over time. [03:21] So basically, what Rosen, what's the source Allison? [03:27] Who's the publisher, who's the author of this particular [03:30] piece of content? [03:31] It's the how has this content been changed or how has it originally [03:36] been captured and that's a nice way for these decentralized [03:40] system by social media who once again another useful ways are [03:44] there people we trust that are sharing this and saying this [03:48] is a true thing. ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"OpinionNewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/6267979/government-unions-corrupt-democracy/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/6267979/government-unions-corrupt-democracy/"},"headline":"Why Government Unions—Unlike Trade Unions—Corrupt Democracy","datePublished":"2023-04-04T15:50:22.000Z","dateModified":"2026-08-04T07:51:19.088Z","description":"No wonder democracy is working so badly. 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