--- title: Why We Should Expect Colder Winter Storms in a Warmer World description: A warming Arctic weakens the jet stream, unleashing the polar vortex and bringing on even colder winter storms. canonical: https://time.com/6259746/colder-winter-storms-climate-change-polar-vortex/ author: Aryn Baker article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2023-03-02T20:06:19.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-05-11T04:53:27.401Z article:section: Climate og:title: Understanding The Link Between Climate Change and Colder Storms is Like Riding a Bike og:description: A warming Arctic weakens the jet stream, unleashing the polar vortex and bringing on even colder winter storms og:url: https://time.com/6259746/colder-winter-storms-climate-change-polar-vortex/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta559e7e3c5dd72a1/698a3acfd0753314a1e6dcf5/polar-vortex-freeze-winter-cold-climate-change-jet-stream-wobble.jpg?branch=production&width=2400&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 675 og:image:alt: Polar Vortex Brings Extreme Cold Temperatures To Chicago og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: Understanding The Link Between Climate Change and Colder Storms is Like Riding a Bike twitter:description: A warming Arctic weakens the jet stream, unleashing the polar vortex and bringing on even colder winter storms twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta559e7e3c5dd72a1/698a3acfd0753314a1e6dcf5/polar-vortex-freeze-winter-cold-climate-change-jet-stream-wobble.jpg?branch=production&width=2400&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # Understanding The Link Between Climate Change and Colder Storms is Like Riding a Bike by [Aryn Baker](https://time.com/author/aryn-baker/) ## Aryn Baker Mar 2, 2023 8:06 PM UTC  The polar vortex caused temperatures in Chicago, Illinois to dip to around -20 degrees on Jan. 31, 2019, closing schools and businesses. The polar vortex caused temperatures in Chicago, Illinois to dip to around -20 degrees on Jan. 31, 2019, closing schools and businesses.Scott Olson—Getty Images by [Aryn Baker](https://time.com/author/aryn-baker/) ## Aryn Baker Mar 2, 2023 8:06 PM UTC When most people think about the jet stream, if they think about it at all, it’s usually in the context of the high-altitude, fast moving wind currents of the northern hemisphere that enable speedy west-to-east long-haul flights. But the polar jet stream also plays a major role in our daily lives: the weaker it gets, the wackier our weather is, from the[ Texan deep freeze of 2021](https://www.sciencemagazinedigital.org/sciencemagazine/03%5Fseptember%5F2021/MobilePagedReplica.action?pm=2&folio=1090#pg34) to the snow bombs that have [pummelled](https://www.axios.com/2023/03/02/california-storm-emergency-yosemite-snow-photos?) the West Coast over the past two weeks, and the winter storms now heading for the East Coast and Europe. It’s not just cold weather—an unstable jet stream can also lead to severe heat waves, droughts, or excessive amounts of rain. And the polar jet stream appears to be weakening, [according to scientists](https://www.sciencemagazinedigital.org/sciencemagazine/03%5Fseptember%5F2021/MobilePagedReplica.action?pm=2&folio=1091#pg35), as a result of Arctic warming caused by climate change. The jet stream, which circles the northern latitudes of the northern hemisphere in a tight band, works as a barrier, keeping the swirling mass of freezing air over the North Pole—the polar vortex—contained. The bigger the difference in temperatures between Arctic areas and lower latitudes, the faster the jet stream moves. But as the Arctic warms, there is less of a temperature difference, and the jet stream slows down. It’s kind of like a bicycle: the faster you pedal, the more stable the ride. But slow down too much and your front wheel starts to wobble. Those wobbles, or dips in a slower-moving jet stream, allow the polar vortex to plunge further south. Wobbles in the opposite direction can bring unseasonably warm weather north. They can also [block](https://www.carbonbrief.org/jet-stream-is-climate-change-causing-more-blocking-weather-events/) out the low-pressure systems that bring clouds and precipitation, potentially leading to heat waves and drought, like the [heat dome](https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/150318/a-long-lasting-western-heatwave) that scorched the Pacific Northwest in September 2022.  **Read more:** [_‘Bomb Cyclone’ and Other Weird Weather Words for Our Climate Change Era_](https://time.com/6243307/bomb-cyclone-weather-climate-change-definitions/) “When the jet stream is in a weaker state it is more easily deflected by things like mountain ranges or even blobs of warm ocean water,” atmospheric scientist [Jennifer Francis](https://www.woodwellclimate.org/staff/jennifer-francis/), of the Massachusetts-based[ Woodwell Climate Research Center](https://www.woodwellclimate.org/), told me last year. Those bigger north-south swings create the low- and high-pressure zones seen on TV weather reports, and the jet stream’s slower speed allows weather patterns to stay in place longer, says Francis. “The jet stream is our weather. So anything that affects the jet stream is going to affect weather patterns.” That means, somewhat counterintuitively, that even with a warming climate, we can still expect colder, more severe storms. ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/6259746/colder-winter-storms-climate-change-polar-vortex/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/6259746/colder-winter-storms-climate-change-polar-vortex/"},"headline":"Understanding The Link Between Climate Change and Colder Storms is Like Riding a Bike","datePublished":"2023-03-02T20:06:19.000Z","dateModified":"2026-05-11T04:53:27.401Z","description":"A warming Arctic weakens the jet stream, unleashing the polar vortex and bringing on even colder winter storms","url":"https://time.com/6259746/colder-winter-storms-climate-change-polar-vortex/","keywords":["extreme weather","climate change","Explainer","healthscienceclimate","Climate Is Everything"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta559e7e3c5dd72a1/698a3acfd0753314a1e6dcf5/polar-vortex-freeze-winter-cold-climate-change-jet-stream-wobble.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Aryn Baker","jobTitle":null,"url":"https://time.com/author/aryn-baker/"}],"articleSection":"Climate","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta559e7e3c5dd72a1/698a3acfd0753314a1e6dcf5/polar-vortex-freeze-winter-cold-climate-change-jet-stream-wobble.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"Polar Vortex Brings Extreme Cold Temperatures To Chicago","caption":"Polar Vortex Brings Extreme Cold Temperatures To Chicago","creditText":"Scott Olson—Getty Images","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/climate/","name":"Climate"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/extreme-weather/","name":"extreme weather"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/6259746/colder-winter-storms-climate-change-polar-vortex/","name":"Understanding The Link Between Climate Change and Colder Storms is Like Riding a Bike"}}]}] ```