--- title: We Must Stop Separating Black Families With Child Welfare description: The parents whose children are seized by the child welfare system are not the monsters they’ve been painted—with the help of racist imagery—to be. canonical: https://time.com/5946929/child-welfare-black-families/ author: Chris Gottlieb article:opinion: true article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2021-03-17T13:00:47.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-08-04T07:42:27.738Z article:section: Ideas og:title: Black Families Are Outraged About Family Separation Within the U.S. og:description: It's time to listen to them og:url: https://time.com/5946929/child-welfare-black-families/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt63ba996e7b058c55/698a17ef4ee262658c3187c9/foster-care-black-families-matter.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 2400 og:image:height: 1350 og:image:alt: foster-care-black-families-matter og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: Black Families Are Outraged About Family Separation Within the U.S. twitter:description: It's time to listen to them twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt63ba996e7b058c55/698a17ef4ee262658c3187c9/foster-care-black-families-matter.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # Black Families Are Outraged About Family Separation Within the U.S. It's Time to Listen to Them > Sponsored content. 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It explains how TIME's journalism is made, from the first pitch through the editorial decisions behind a finished story or cover. #### How can I read about how TIME chooses its covers? Inside TIME is the newsletter where TIME's Editor-in-Chief explains cover selection and the editorial reasoning behind major stories. It is free at time.com/newsletters. #### Who is the editor of TIME? Sam Jacobs is TIME's Editor-in-Chief. He writes Inside TIME, a twice-weekly newsletter about the newsroom's reporting and editorial decisions. #### Is Inside TIME free? Yes. Inside TIME is a free newsletter, available at time.com/newsletters. A paid TIME subscription is separate and available at time.com/subscribe-agent. ## Video: The History You Didn't Learn: The Black Panthers' Health Programs [Watch (HLS stream): The History You Didn't Learn: The Black Panthers' Health Programs](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/28opNCMF.m3u8) (9:52)  _Published 2021-02-25. The History You Didn't Learn is a series that sheds light on past events that may have been omitted, misleading, or just downright wrong in our history education in school._ by [Chris Gottlieb](https://time.com/author/chris-gottlieb/) ## Chris Gottlieb Mar 17, 2021 1:00 PM UTC  Residents and members of Mott Haven Families protest outside the precinct in the Bronx, New York, on Oct. 4, 2020. Residents and members of Mott Haven Families protest outside the precinct in the Bronx, New York, on Oct. 4, 2020. Steve Sanchez—Pacific Press/Sipa USA by [Chris Gottlieb](https://time.com/author/chris-gottlieb/) ## Chris Gottlieb Mar 17, 2021 1:00 PM UTC Outraged calls for racial justice have come to a new battleground: child welfare. In the reckoning on racism triggered by [George Floyd’s killing](https://time.com/5847967/george-floyd-protests-trump/), decades of complaints from Black families hurt by the child welfare system are bubbling over into public protest. Though small compared to demonstrations against police abuses, these demands for justice are growing, in [the streets](https://bronx.news12.com/black-families-matter-march-speaks-out-against-child-protective-services-42532416), the [press](https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/12/do-we-need-to-abolish-child-protective-services/) and [social media](https://twitter.com/movfamilypower/status/1271259572938985472). Around the country, communities that are targeted by child protective services are saying _enough_. The harms of the child welfare system are unconscionably and [disproportionately](https://cssp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/CSSP-Entangled-Roots.pdf) imposed on families of color, particularly Black families, and these family separation practices have [demonstrably bad outcomes](https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B291mw%5FhLAJseVk3VnFGTGR1cEk/view) for the children. In December, parent activists in New York City began going out after dark to plaster up hundreds of posters that call out child protective services with slogans like “From the plantation to the present, breaking up Black families has always meant profit.” On MLK Day, [protesters gathered](https://imprintnews.org/child-welfare-2/new-york-calls-grow-address-racism-child-welfare/51073) in Harlem to chant “Black Families Matter” and to cheer the installation of a giant billboard that read “Some cops are called caseworkers.” Black Lives Matter-Los Angeles has started a [campaign](https://campaigns.organizefor.org/petitions/reimaginechildsafety-get-cops-out-of-child-protective-services) called Reimagine Child Safety to demand Los Angeles end the current partnership between the local child protective service and law enforcement. They’ve collected thousands of signatures in support. This fall, the inaugural convening of [upEND](https://upendmovement.org/), a coordinated, national movement to abolish the child welfare system, drew over 5,000 viewers. A [conference](https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/cjrl/announcement) is being held later this month at Columbia Law School to discuss defunding and abolishing the system as we know it. In a vivid example of reclaiming by renaming, a leading scholar has [convinced many](https://www.bronxdefenders.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Joint-Family-Defense-Providers-2021-Legislative-Priorities.pdf) that it is [time to call the “child welfare system” what it is: a “family regulation system](https://imprintnews.org/child-welfare-2/abolishing-policing-also-means-abolishing-family-regulation/44480).” [In Michigan, activists protested](https://wwmt.com/news/local/demonstrators-cornelius-fredericks-death-exemplifies-broken-system) after the [death](https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/01/us/michigan-teen-death-staff-arraigned/index.html) of 16-year-old foster child Cornelius Fredericks who died as a result of being restrained by staff at a residential facility after he threw food in the cafeteria. Fredericks’ [last words](https://wwmt.com/news/local/witness-16-year-old-boy-said-he-couldnt-breathe-while-being-restrained-before-dying) were “I can’t breathe.” That ungodly phrase is a clue to the deep connection between the criminal and child welfare systems. They are linked not only because [foster care has become a pipeline to prison](https://jlc.org/news/what-foster-care-prison-pipeline), but also because the [history of separating children of color from their parents](https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520343672/taking-children) is intimately linked to American racial oppression.  In December, parent activists in New York City began going out after dark to plaster up hundreds of posters that call out child protective services. Courtesy Chris Gottlieb [Separation of families of color at the border](https://time.com/longform/donald-trump-immigration-policy-splitting-families/) by the Trump Administration was far from the first time that our government has used the taking of children as a terrifying act of persecution. Our current foster care system is an extension of a deeply ingrained history of separating children from their parents based on claims that it would further the children’s “best interests.” [Such claims rationalized separating Black families](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract%5Fid=2765609) during slavery and Reconstruction and immigrant families at the end of the 19th century, when an estimated 200,000 children, primarily from immigrant Catholic families were put on so-called [“orphan trains”](https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/sociology-and-social-reform/social-reform/orphan-trains) often by Protestant [“child savers.”](https://cyc-net.org/profession/readarounds/ra-platt.html) Many of these falsely labeled “orphans”—most of their parents were living—ended up as indentured servants in the Midwest. Prejudice also motivated the separation of an extraordinary number of Indigenous American families. Beginning in 1860, [tens of thousands of children](https://blog.harvardlawreview.org/recent-legislation-truth-and-healing-commission-on-indian-boarding-school-policy-act/) were forced to leave their communities to be [“civilized” at residential facitities](https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2019/03/traumatic-legacy-indian-boarding-schools/584293/). Later, [between 25% and 35% of Indigenous American children were taken from their parents](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Native-American/The-outplacement-and-adoption-of-indigenous-children) and put up for foster care or adoption by white families. Today, more than [200,000](https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/afcarsreport26.pdf) children of color are in government custody in our foster system, and the current protesters are largely low-income Black and brown parents who explain that fearmongering about child abuse has empowered child protective authorities to [unfairly target their communities](http://erikmcgregor.com/2020/06/20/defund-acs/) and invade their homes with virtual impunity. A shocking [53%](https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303545) of Black children’s homes are investigated by child welfare officials. That [knock at the door is not benign](https://vimeo.com/71127830) social work. [Caseworkers routinely demand](https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2047&context=faculty%5Fscholarship) entry into homes in the middle of the night without warrants. The interrogations are frightening; the strip searches [degrading](http://www.risemagazine.org/2018/10/uplifting-every-voice/). Far too often, they end with the [trauma](https://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2087&context=all%5Ffac) of children pulled from their parents’ arms. The parents whose children are seized are not the monsters they’ve been painted—with the help of racist imagery—to be. The overwhelming majority of [child removals](https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/cb/afcarsreport27.pdf) do not even allege abuse. Most charges are [related to poverty](https://www.unitedfamilyadvocates.org/poverty-removals-and-services-fact-sheet), and all involve subjective determinations by government officials about what counts as acceptable parenting. Parent activists are explaining that just as the prison industrial complex has a vested interest in scare tactics around public safety, the multibillion-dollar, [child-welfare industrial complex](https://www.theregreview.org/2020/10/27/kennedy-black-families-matter/) doubles down on the idea that it is “saving” children. Implicit bias could not find more fertile soil. Identical events—whether childhood [accidents](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/24/opinion/sunday/child-injuries-race.html) or [drug use](https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199004263221706#t=abstract) by a parent—lead to dramatically different consequences depending on the race of the family. A [“color blind” program](https://chronicleofsocialchange.org/opinion/the-case-for-race-blind-foster-care-removal-decisions/39898), in which officials had to make decisions about whether to remove a child from an allegedly unsafe home without knowing the race of the families, led the percentage of children removed who were Black to drop from 56% to 29%. In the 1970s, when the federal government abandoned the War on Poverty, we shifted from providing direct support to poor families to [demonizing poor parents](https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/poor-neighborhoods-black-parents-child-services.html) and [providing federal funding incentives](https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1452&context=jcl) to states to put children in foster care. Instead of adopting the universal social supports provided in some other countries, we fund a child welfare system that labels homelessness, lack of childcare and untreated drug addiction as failings of individual parents rather than predictable, [treatable ills of poverty](https://imprintnews.org/child-welfare-2/time-for-child-welfare-system-to-stop-confusing-poverty-with-neglect/40222). As a result, the number of poor children in foster care skyrocketed, decimating generations of families, disproportionately in Black communities. Then, along with [cutting welfare benefits](https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1997/03/the-worst-thing-bill-clinton-has-done/376797/) and passing the [notorious crime bill](https://www.npr.org/2014/09/12/347736999/20-years-later-major-crime-bill-viewed-as-terrible-mistake) that exacerbated mass incarceration, Congress began [flooding funding](https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/cb/adoption%5Fincentives%5Fearning%5Fhistory%5F2020.pdf) that could have been used to reunify families into [incentivizing adoption](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fostercare/inside/roberts.html#3) instead. Astonishingly, today, we spend more than $2.6 billion each year subsidizing [469,000](https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/resource/title-ive-adoption) adoptions when many of those adopted children still have loving [mothers](https://medium.com/latagia-copeland-tyronces-tagi-s-world/i-wrongly-lost-seven-of-my-children-to-the-white-supremacist-child-welfare-system-and-five-to-566103aeeb44) and [fathers](https://www.risemagazine.org/author/djuancollins/) eager to raise them. In the 1980s, Willie Horton’s name stoked calls for repressive criminal laws. In the 1990s, talk of “welfare queens” buttressed cuts in welfare benefits and led to rules making it tougher for mothers living in poverty to receive public assistance. And in that same decade, [inflammatory media coverage](https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/07/what-the-crack-baby-panic-reveals-about-the-opioid-epidemic/533763/) of irredeemable “crack babies”—an account that has since been [soundly debunked](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/12/28/opinion/crack-babies-racism.html)—encouraged Congress to enact [legislation](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-105hr867enr/pdf/BILLS-105hr867enr.pdf) that now incentivizes the [permanent severing of family ties tens of thousands of times](https://apnews.com/article/c9fec9ee24d64f4b9e56d1425179a50e) each year. The family regulation system hurts many low-income white families as well, as other oppressive systems do. But to fully untangle the harmful practices of these systems, we must unpack their racist roots. As one advocate put it, child welfare needs its [“stop-and frisk-moment.”](https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1470&context=clr) Malcolm X described his own placement in foster care as [“modern slavery.”](http://nc.casaforchildren.org/files/secure/community/programs/communications/CUNYLawReviewArticle.pdf) Such a comparison risks equating incomparable harms. Yet time and again, Black parents today describe their experience with child protective investigators the way [Malcolm X described](https://genius.com/Malcolm-x-chapter-1-nightmare-annotated) the workers who came to his home: they treated his family with “no feelings, understanding, compassion, or respect.” They looked at his family, he said, “in a way that had about it the feeling . . . that we were not people.” These parent protesters are offering a central lesson on contemporary racial injustice—one rooted in lessons of Black history, which is to say in American history. It is time to listen. ## Transcript I've been going around and talking to Young students, from fourth grade all the way through two phds. And usually, the questions that people ask me was where you guys keep your gun. Why didn't you like white people? I think still in schools are still recognized as a black nationalist, paid movement and there was never hate is better Fact. One of the things that Drew me to Black Panther pray that they love the people so much. Is that in order to do that kind of work in order to be that Focus, you had a really love the people The Black Panthers are one of the most misunderstood civil rights groups in American history. Started in 1966 by Huey. P Newton and Bobby seale as a way to protect black communities against police brutality. The Panthers are often depicted as a violent organization, but many of their contributions to the communities, they serve, especially in terms of healthcare, I left out of History textbooks. I think the dominant message from from almost every textbook I seen is putting the Panthers in what civil rights dollars have called it a quenching narrative, which is basically this idea that, you know, once the Black Power movement starts on but really after King's death in 1968, the Civil Rights Movement to Clines and you get these black radicals, we're just demanding too much, and nonsensically, turning to Violent tactics. I don't Think I seen a single text book that mentions the hundred or so social programs that the Black Panthers ran and they work with all four people. In fact they saw themselves as a single mother to Kingsport even forgetting King was assassinated. He was leading what he called, the Poor People's campaign King advocated as a Democratic Socialist against the, what he called, the Expo, dependents of materialism and capitalism Men show that they weren't static that they didn't have to be that way, but that there were ways in which to make those changes that were necessary in particular. Free Quality Healthcare was one of the key elements of the program of the Black Panther Party came to the South Bronx in the sixties as a healthcare volunteer and later joined the Harlem branch of the Black Panthers. Now, you know, the South Bronx is the congressional district in the united states with the lowest income per capita. It was then and continues to be today. So the conditions in the South Bronx or something that I had never seen before. Hospital was known for its horrendous treatment of it's predominantly black and brown patients. In fact conditions were so bad. That a 1970, silver star part in a protest for Community activist, including the Panthers, occupy the hospital for one day in hospital. Known as The Butcher. Shop conditions were really horrible. People were waiting for 72 hours to get Sting. There's no heat in the emergency room is really bad stories about Lincoln Hospital in and what could happen to you. If you had to go to Lincoln Hospital when we talked about the impact of racism and the Healthcare System, I mean there is a long history of medical discrimination. You know, we can think of the history that involves blackbody. He's being used as guinea pigs, black women and women of color going to the doctors and getting illegally sterilize it. So this is cost a lot of mistrust and didn't you VIP code matters, black communities that are in disenfranchising area. We have a history of not being protected and so Part of the history of medical discrimination is what the Panthers or tries to fight everything. From first aid, they had a free ambulance program, they had sickle cell anemia test, they had gynecological exam, Optometry Services, I mean, physical exam, there are tons of services that the Black Panther Party offered. When we talk about Health Care Program to go door-to-door and really test for diseases, like tuberculosis anemia diabetes. These are preventable diseases. We go in and we dirty an elderly person and in some apartment who really needed to see a doctor, but they were afraid to go to the doctor. And that's how we would be be able to refer them to a place where, where they would be seen to be held before the illness, whatever illness they have, not too difficult for them, they was in the community. Educating offering tools to matically empower the black community in much of that understanding of the Black Panther Party, has been written out of the public perceptions of the organization, it has a lot to do with the FBI and corns. Help cointelpro, which stands for counterintelligence program, was the FBI's illegal surveillance scheme. They looked at the Panthers at the threat and so they did everything. You can think of from infiltrating the organization to pushing lies in the media. The Panthers were actually about restorative care. They were actually about healing the community mind body and soul, and MF place in the margins of the history of the party disbanded in 1982. But the legacy of the Black Panthers continues to this day, it was stop and stare at them before long. But you need to take some over the community runs them. So you can point to community clinics health clinics pool program food banks, free bus in the prison programs list goes on there. Still alive. And well, today as its tensions in between waking a program to the party started. There are many kids that go to my high school, that get their Healthcare from the Carolyn Downs Clinic that was started by the Black Panther Party and they don't know the history of where it came from. And it's really sad because if students knew where their Healthcare was coming from, they would gain lessons about how to organize and struggle against those barriers today. Panthers work, Drew attention to Health Care disparities that covid-19 has made even more apparent today and their legacy of Community Care is carried on by activists like dr. Ala Stanford, who founded the black doctors covid-19 Consortium in Philadelphia. April 3rd, America's before being diagnosed and dying from coronavirus at reach greater than every other group in our city. We now know that's pervasive throughout the nation and was like the first time I sat in medical school naive excited. I was realizing my dream 22 and listening to a teacher say yeah. There's a social determinants of health and black people have poor health outcomes. They have a shorter life expectancy they do worse with cancer hypertension, diabetes surgery. And so when I heard it on April 3rd, It was like dang I've been here before only. It was 23 freaking years ago that I heard this same story and I said no, not this time. I'm not going to sit and listen. I'm not going to internalize that pain and just accepted as truth. I want to change the narrative. The black doctor is covid-19 Consortium. Brought covid, testing and Medical Aid into black neighborhoods that typically have reduced access to healthcare. They've tested more than 26,000 people for covid-19 and of provide a basic health services like flu shots. Now, the Consortium is holding code vaccination clinics for highly impacted communities. Just like racism is baked in every other aspect of of capitalism in this country. It's baked into the healthcare system. And I think because of that, that free and Equitable access to healthcare has always been a part of the black Freedom struggle, especially during the Civil Rights. Then I think if we're ever to get change the healthcare system in this country we have to learn from the civil rights movement and and and the folks who who fought for free and Equitable access. 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