--- title: Why We Can't Forget Eunice Foote's Climate Science Work description: Eunice Foote discovered the cause of global warming, but history forgot her. That can't happen to women working on climate science today. canonical: https://time.com/5626806/eunice-foote-women-climate-science/ author: Katharine Wilkinson article:opinion: true article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2019-07-17T16:30:19.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-02-23T23:59:17.831Z article:section: Ideas og:title: Why History Forgot the Woman Who Discovered the Cause of Global Warming og:description: We can't let that happen to women working on climate science today og:url: https://time.com/5626806/eunice-foote-women-climate-science/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt1e5f71f5c19f1255/698a00034ee2625c79315f71/women-climate-change-demo.jpg?branch=production&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1024 og:image:height: 576 og:image:alt: SAFRICA-CLIMATE-CHANGE-DEMO og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: Why History Forgot the Woman Who Discovered the Cause of Global Warming twitter:description: We can't let that happen to women working on climate science today twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt1e5f71f5c19f1255/698a00034ee2625c79315f71/women-climate-change-demo.jpg?branch=production&width=1024&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # The Woman Who Discovered the Cause of Global Warming Was Long Overlooked. 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Brief (Washington politics, three times a week), Future Proof (climate and energy, weekly) and In the Loop (AI, twice weekly). All are free at time.com/newsletters and together reach more than 1.1 million engaged readers. #### Which TIME newsletter should I subscribe to? It depends on what you follow. For a daily briefing, The Brief. For health, Health Matters. For Washington politics, D.C. Brief. For AI and technology, In the Loop. For climate and energy as a business story, Future Proof. For culture recommendations, Worth Your Time. For how TIME's journalism gets made, Inside TIME. Readers can select any combination at time.com/newsletters. #### Are TIME's newsletters free? Yes. All seven TIME newsletters are free to join at time.com/newsletters. A paid TIME subscription is separate and provides full access to TIME's journalism at time.com/subscribe-agent. #### Who writes TIME's newsletters? TIME journalists write them. Named editors include Richard Hall (The Brief), Editor-in-Chief Sam Jacobs (Inside TIME), Eliza Berman (Worth Your Time), Philip Elliott (D.C. Brief), Justin Worland (Future Proof) and Harry Booth (In the Loop). Health Matters is written by TIME's health desk. #### How do I sign up for a TIME newsletter? Go to time.com/newsletters, choose the newsletters you want and enter your email address. There is no cost and no subscription requirement. by [Katharine Wilkinson](https://time.com/author/katharine-wilkinson/) ## Katharine Wilkinson Jul 17, 2019 4:30 PM UTC  A woman shouts slogans while marching through the city centre during a demonstration by hundreds of school children calling for action on climate change in South Africa, on June 14, 2019, in Cape Town, as part of the international "Extinction Rebellion" (XR) environmental protests. A woman shouts slogans while marching through the city centre during a demonstration by hundreds of school children calling for action on climate change in South Africa, on June 14, 2019, in Cape Town, as part of the international "Extinction Rebellion" (XR) environmental protests. Rodger Bosch—AFP/Getty Images by [Katharine Wilkinson](https://time.com/author/katharine-wilkinson/) ## Katharine Wilkinson Jul 17, 2019 4:30 PM UTC Eunice Newton Foote rarely gets the credit she’s due. The American scientist, who was born exactly 200 years ago on Wednesday, was the first woman in climate science. It was back in 1856 that Foote theorized that changes in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could affect the Earth’s temperature. She broke scientific ground that remains more relevant than ever in 2019, but history overlooked her [until just a few years ago](http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2011/70092sorenson/ndx%5Fsorenson.pdf). Foote arrived at her breakthrough idea through experimentation. With an air pump, two glass cylinders, and four thermometers, she tested the impact of “carbonic acid gas” (the term for carbon dioxide in her day) against “common air.” When placed in the sun, she found that the cylinder with carbon dioxide trapped more heat and stayed hot longer. From a simple experiment, she drew a profound conclusion: “An atmosphere of that gas would give to our earth a high temperature; and if as some suppose, at one period of its history the air had mixed with it a larger proportion than at present, an increased temperature…must have necessarily resulted.” In other words, she connected the dots between carbon dioxide and global warming. Foote’s paper, “[Circumstances Affecting the Heat of Sun’s Rays](https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002152491#page/381/mode/2up),” was presented in August 1856 at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and then published. (For unknown reasons, likely rules or social norms, it was read by a [man from The Smithsonian](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/lady-scientist-helped-revolutionize-climate-science-didnt-get-credit-180961291/), rather than Foote herself.) That was three years before [Irish physicist John Tyndall](https://www.climate-lab-book.ac.uk/2018/john-tyndall-founder-of-climate-science/) published his own, more detailed work on heat-trapping gases — work typically [credited as the foundation](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/lady-scientist-helped-revolutionize-climate-science-didnt-get-credit-180961291/) of climate science. Did Tyndall know about Foote’s paper? It’s unclear — though he did have a paper on color blindness in the same 1856 journal as hers. In any case, I have to wonder if Eunice Newton Foote ever found herself remarking, [as so many women have](https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-hepeating-2017-9?r=US&IR=T): “I literally just said that, dude.” I also find myself wondering: What might Foote have achieved if she had Tyndall’s access to training and resources? We can only imagine. Perhaps we can understand, if not abide, that Foote was hobbled by the conventions and limitations of her day. Perhaps we can also amend that loss by supporting women in climate today. Look around the world, and you will see [women and girls](https://www.mothersofinvention.online/mothers) making [enormous contributions](https://www.elle.com/culture/a27733802/women-in-conservation-list/) in this space. Conducting [research](https://500womenscientists.org/) and advancing [climate science](https://www.nexteinstein.org/blog/2019/02/08/ms4cr-african-women-scientists-first-edition/), to be sure, but also cultivating [solutions](https://www.wecaninternational.org/womenspeak), creating [campaign strategy](https://www.thenation.com/article/sunrise-movement-climate-change-varshini-prakash-green-new-deal/), curating [art exhibits](https://manmadedisaster.art/), crafting [policy](https://apolitical.co/lists/most-influential-climate-100/), composing [literary work](https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/13-female-cli-fi-writers-who-are-inspiring-better-future-science-fiction-climate-change), charging forth in [collective action](https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2018/0501/Where-women-lead-on-climate-change), and [more](https://psmag.com/magazine/the-women-on-the-front-lines-of-climate-change). Look around, and you will see truly catalytic leadership grounded in courage, creativity, compassion, and collaboration. As someone who has [worked in climate for two decades](https://www.ted.com/talks/katharine%5Fwilkinson%5Fhow%5Fempowering%5Fwomen%5Fand%5Fgirls%5Fcan%5Fhelp%5Fstop%5Fglobal%5Fwarming?language=en), it’s easy for despair to creep in. This groundswell of leadership gives me courage. To my mind, this is where possibility lives — possibility that we can turn away from the brink and move towards a life-giving future for all. Yet, girls and women leading on climate receive [insufficient backing](https://www.greengrants.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/GGF%5FMapping-Report%5FExecutive-Summary%5FHighRes-FINAL.pdf) and, even now, too little credit. That’s especially true for women of the Global South, rural women, and women of color. Worse than unfair, it’s ineffective for creating change. In the face of the climate crisis, we need every person possible on the task of transforming society. I’m not alone in this belief. Today, a group of women from around the world has released the following [declaration](http://womenleadclimate.org/): _The climate movement cannot succeed without an urgent upsurge in women’s leadership across the Global South and the Global North. Women and girls are already boldly leading on climate justice, addressing the climate crisis in ways that heal, rather than deepen, systemic injustices. Yet, these voices are often under-represented and efforts inadequately supported._ _Now is the moment to recognize the wisdom and leadership of women and girls. Now is the moment to grow in number and build power. We invite all of our sisters to rise and to lead on climate justice, and for those with relative power and privilege to make space for and support others. To change everything, we need everyone._ [Signatories](http://womenleadclimate.org/#sig) to the declaration include [Mary Robinson](https://lauraflanders.org/2019/06/minicast-mary-robinson-women-leading-in-climate-change/), first female president of Ireland, [Musimbi Kanyoro](https://www.ted.com/talks/musimbi%5Fkanyoro%5Fto%5Fsolve%5Fthe%5Fworld%5Fs%5Fbiggest%5Fproblems%5Finvest%5Fin%5Fwomen%5Fand%5Fgirls), president and CEO of Global Fund for Women, and [Alaa Murabit](https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2018/10/11/the-secret-inclusive-societies-women-reproductive-freedom/HssSfJ9feZtYTSuDfrmZVI/story.html), medical doctor and one of 17 Global Sustainable Development Goal Advocates appointed by the UN Secretary General. One of the key actions signatories pledged is “to unify women’s efforts to create equity in health, education, economy, politics, peace and security, and beyond with the climate justice movement.”It shows a marked shift towards recognizing that [human rights and climate](https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/07/opinions/international-womens-day-climate-change-wilkinson/index.html) are inseparable. Eunice Newton Foote, if alive today, might be very pleased to find that connection drawn. After all, she wasn’t only a scientist. She was involved in the early movement for women’s rights, too. Her name appears on the list of [signatories](https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/sis/resources/historical-documents/declaration-sentiments.html) to the 1848 Seneca Falls Declaration — a manifesto created during the first women’s rights convention in the United States — right below Elizabeth Cady Stanton, of suffragette fame. Foote’s husband, Elisha, and [Frederick Douglass](https://www.theatlantic.com/personal/archive/2011/09/frederick-douglass-a-womens-rights-man/245977/) also signed on, under “gentlemen.” (Of note: John Tyndall [opposed women’s suffrage](https://www.lrb.co.uk/v41/n06/jonathan-parry/adrenaline-junkie).) Some 163 years after Foote’s experiment, conditions for women in climate have certainly improved. For one thing, it’s far less lonely than before. But if we want that “[urgent upsurge](http://womenleadclimate.org/)”, it will take commitment, dollars, and platforms. It will demand giving credit where it’s due and continuing to [improve inclusion](https://nexusmedianews.com/fighting-climate-change-means-fighting-inequality-and-intolerance-89bf4b5d96be). Now is the time to champion women and girls who lead on climate. And to honor those who came before, whose insight and ability ought not to have been ignored. Cheers to you, Eunice. ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"OpinionNewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/5626806/eunice-foote-women-climate-science/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/5626806/eunice-foote-women-climate-science/"},"headline":"The Woman Who Discovered the Cause of Global Warming Was Long Overlooked. 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