--- description: How many people would be killed in the event of nuclear war with North Korea? For Tokyo and Seoul, the numbers are frightening. title: How Bad Would War With North Korea Be? image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltcf0a9fcef0be1e12/6988e0c5096a944e6d69fe0a/gettyimages-649080078.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  * [World](/section/world/) ## World Update your preferences in [Account Settings](/account/preferences/) Close * [North Korea](/tag/north-korea/) ## North Korea Update your preferences in [Account Settings](/account/preferences/) Close # Here's How Deadly a North Korea Nuclear Attack Could Be by [Eli Meixler](/author/eli/) ## Eli Meixler Update your preferences in [Account Settings](/account/preferences/) Close Oct 6, 2017 4:34 AM CUT  This undated picture released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency on March 7, 2017 shows the launch of four ballistic missiles. This undated picture released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency on March 7, 2017 shows the launch of four ballistic missiles.STR/AFP/Getty Images by [Eli Meixler](/author/eli/) ## Eli Meixler Update your preferences in [Account Settings](/account/preferences/) Close Oct 6, 2017 4:34 AM CUT If North Korea launched a nuclear attack, the death toll would be [costly](http://www.38north.org/2017/10/mzagurek100417/ "undefined"): perhaps as bad as 2.1 million deaths in Tokyo and Seoul alone. In the event of an “unthinkable” escalation, casualties in the East Asian capitals of key American allies would be catastrophic, including as many as 7.7 million injuries, according to a [new report](http://www.38north.org/2017/10/mzagurek100417/ "undefined") from [38 North](http://www.38north.org/about/ "undefined"), a North Korea analysis group based at Johns Hopkins University’s U.S.-Korea Institute. Since 2011, North Korea has carried out 98 ballistic [missile tests](http://time.com/4942811/north-korea-missile-test-pyongyang/ "undefined") and six underground nuclear tests overall. The most recent, on Sept. 3, clocked in around 120 kilotons and North Korea was quick to claim it had successfully tested a [hydrogen bomb. ](http://time.com/4926030/north-korea-nuclear-test-kim-jong-un/ "undefined")The tests have also revealed the isolated state’s increasing technical sophistication: on July 4 and July 28, North Korean state media said it had tested [intercontinental ballistic missiles](http://time.com/4844403/north-korea-icbm-kim-jong-un-test/ "undefined") (ICBMs) capable of reaching the mainland U.S. The report offers hypothetical scenarios based on the assumption that North Korea has a [nuclear arsenal](http://time.com/4906219/north-korea-nuclear-weapons-how-many/ "undefined") of some 20-25 warheads. The warheads are estimated to range from 15 kilotons — about the size of the “Little Boy” bomb [dropped on Hiroshima](http://time.com/4954082/hydrogen-bomb-atomic-bomb/ "undefined") in 1945, killing more than 200,000 — to 250 kilotons — the estimated strength of a thermonuclear weapon. The report suggests that were North Korea to launch its entire arsenal against Tokyo (population 37.9 million) and Seoul (24.1 million), casualties in each city could reach as high as 3.8 million. **Read More:** [_How the Japanese Are Preparing for a North Korean Nuclear Attack_](http://time.com/4949262/north-korea-japan-nuclear-missiles-drills/ "undefined") The report cautions that most nuclear weapons systems don’t have 100% reliability, and America’s allies have defenses — South Korea [has deployed](https://www.google.com.hk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjh0PHai9vWAhUEVLwKHRZbDU0QFggmMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4930745%2Fsouth-korea-thaad-anti-missile%2F&usg=AOvVaw3GjyzliBVb5um-00QkPd4Z "undefined") the U.S. Terminal High Altitude Air Defense (THAAD) system despite the initial opposition of new South Korean President Moon Jae-in, while Japan plans to install an Aegis Ashore Ballistic Missile defense system. But Tokyo and Seoul are far more densely populated than they were during World War II or the Korean War (1950-1953), and the latter is in reach of North Korea’s conventional weapons, including artillery, meaning a devastating death toll in any all-out conflict would be certain, according to 38 North. ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/4971773/north-korea-casualties-nuclear-missile/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/4971773/north-korea-casualties-nuclear-missile/"},"headline":"Here's How Deadly a North Korea Nuclear Attack Could Be","datePublished":"2017-10-06T04:34:01.000Z","dateModified":"2026-02-23T17:45:39.619Z","description":"A new analysis predicts millions would be killed if North Korea unleashed its arsenal on Tokyo and Seoul.","url":"https://time.com/4971773/north-korea-casualties-nuclear-missile/","keywords":["North Korea","World","conflict","onetime"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltcf0a9fcef0be1e12/6988e0c5096a944e6d69fe0a/gettyimages-649080078.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Eli Meixler","jobTitle":null,"url":"https://time.com/author/eli/"}],"articleSection":"World","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltcf0a9fcef0be1e12/6988e0c5096a944e6d69fe0a/gettyimages-649080078.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"TOPSHOT-NKOREA-JAPAN-MISSILE","caption":"TOPSHOT-NKOREA-JAPAN-MISSILE","creditText":"STR/AFP/Getty Images","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/world/","name":"World"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/north-korea/","name":"North Korea"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/4971773/north-korea-casualties-nuclear-missile/","name":"Here's How Deadly a North Korea Nuclear Attack Could Be"}}]}] ```