--- title: Turkish History and the Outlaw Who Became a Hero description: The dramatic life of the outlaw and special agent Eşref Bey epitomizes the end of the Ottoman Empire. canonical: https://time.com/4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia/ author: History Today article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2017-09-13T16:00:47.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-02-23T17:24:23.430Z article:section: History og:title: Turkish History and the Outlaw Who Became a Hero og:description: The dramatic life of the outlaw and special agent Eşref Bey epitomizes the end of the Ottoman Empire og:url: https://time.com/4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb9c0de88cd9b4eb5/6988dd980a4a2271979cfdf6/constantinople.jpeg?branch=production&width=2400&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 675 og:image:alt: Ottoman Empire: Constantinople og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: Turkish History and the Outlaw Who Became a Hero twitter:description: The dramatic life of the outlaw and special agent Eşref Bey epitomizes the end of the Ottoman Empire twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb9c0de88cd9b4eb5/6988dd980a4a2271979cfdf6/constantinople.jpeg?branch=production&width=2400&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia' by [Benjamin C. Fortna / History Today](https://time.com/author/history-today/) ## Benjamin C. Fortna / History Today Sep 13, 2017 4:00 PM UTC  Constantinople c. 1914 Constantinople c. 1914ullstein bild / Getty Images by [Benjamin C. Fortna / History Today](https://time.com/author/history-today/) ## Benjamin C. Fortna / History Today Sep 13, 2017 4:00 PM UTC _This post is in partnership with_[ _History Today_](http://historytoday.com)_. The article below was originally published at_ [_History Today._](http://www.historytoday.com/benjamin-c-fortna/%E2%80%98-turkish-lawrence-arabia%E2%80%99) In the twilight of the Ottoman Empire, 100 years ago, a restless Turkish prisoner of war languished in Malta, then a British possession. With copious leisure time forced upon him, Eşref Bey began to write his adventures as an officer in the Ottoman army. His biography has not survived, yet, from the archival material that has, we can imagine what it might have included: a string of increasingly momentous assignments for the Committee of Union and Progress (Ottoman patriots opposed to the policies of the sultan) and for Enver Pasha, hero of the 1908 “Young Turk” revolution and the pre-eminent military figure of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. Eşref’s story is not well known outside Turkey, where it has attained legendary status. He was born in the imperial capital, Istanbul, in 1873, where his father had risen to the post of chief falconer. He attended some of the empire’s top military schools. Yet Eşref was not Turkish. He was from Circassia, a region in the north Caucasus along the east shore of the Black Sea, and he had a propensity for conflict. His career was destined to veer between insider and outsider. During the First World War, Enver Pasha became the effective commander-in-chief of the Ottoman Empire (a title technically held by the sultan) and attempted to keep the empire intact in the face of increasingly long odds. Eşref was one of the “self-sacrificing officers” who coalesced around Pasha, taking a role in his Special Organization, _Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa_, which handled sensitive issues such as intelligence gathering and covert operations. By the end of the war, Eşref had become a notorious figure. Yet his rise to prominence was far from straightforward. His career took him across the length and breadth of the sprawling Ottoman Empire and beyond during its final decades, frequently crossing the line between loyal imperial servant and outlaw. As a young student, his propensity for violence saw him expelled from an academy in Istanbul. He was sent to another in the city of Edirne (Adrianople), in what proved to be the first of many stints in exile. His misdemeanors saw him transferred from prison to prison, but eventually he escaped and lived among the tribes of the Najd desert, in central Arabia, where he mastered Arabic as well as the manners and customs of the Bedouin. Such knowledge would be called upon during the First World War. Eşref set out to make a nuisance of himself in the eyes of the Ottoman authorities. Exploits such as kidnapping the son of the commander of the Ottoman military barracks at Medina and ambushing the imperial pilgrimage caravan on its way to Mecca were aimed at impressing the central authorities, persuading them that they would be better off rehabilitating such an industrious and resourceful personality. Sultan Abdülhamid II’s policy of forbearance ensured that Eşref was pardoned and restored to the imperial fold. He and his brother were given sinecures on one of the sultan’s estates near İzmir (Smyrna), but they soon grew restless. Turning to brigandage in the mountainous territory of western Anatolia, they engaged in further banditry before being recruited again into the state’s expanding security apparatus. Appointed as a gendarmerie officer, Eşref was now in charge of combating the same group of outlaws to which he had once belonged. When Italy invaded Tripolitania (Libya) in 1911, Eşref received the first of a steady stream of combat assignments, which lasted until his capture by the Arab Revolt and transfer to British custody in 1917\. After secreting a group of Ottoman and Arab VIPs across Egypt and into Libya, Eşref went to work with Libyan tribes as part of the Ottoman-Sanusi resistance to the Italian invasion. When the Balkan Wars broke out the following year, Eşref again saw action, playing a leading role in the postwar, “off-the-books” Ottoman operation to create a mini-state in western Thrace out of land that formerly belonged to Bulgaria. The short-lived government Eşref helped to form was intended to protect the region’s Muslim population, who had been abused during the fighting. When, at the war’s end, it was negotiated away by the Ottoman government, Eşref and his comrades were incensed: he had served as commander of the “National” paramilitary forces and had even designed the flag of the ill-fated entity. Eşref’s most daring assignment came when Enver Pasha ordered him to deliver a shipment of gold and arms to the Ottoman army in Yemen, the province of the empire in the south of the Arabian peninsula that had been cut off due to the British-backed “Arab Revolt” in the west. Navigating a difficult route, Eşref led his contingent overland through Arabia. They were ultimately discovered and attacked by a much larger force. Eşref was captured and paraded around the Hijaz region in the west of Arabia before being handed over to British military officials, who took him to Cairo for interrogation. It was then that he was transferred to Malta, where he was forced to sit out the rest of the conflict. Shortly after his release from Malta, he was made a regional commander in the growing “National” movement by Mustafa Kemal, the future Atatürk, who would establish the modern Turkish republic. This movement in the interior of Anatolia was a rival to the Ottoman government in Istanbul, now under Allied occupation. Having failed to quell an insurrection in western Anatolia, Eşref had fallen out of favor with the nationalist hierarchy being established at Ankara. He finally broke with Ankara in 1920, following his fellow Circassian, “Çerkes” Edhem, across the front line and into the zone of Greek occupation in western Anatolia. As a result he has subsequently been referred to as a “traitor to the nation” in works of mainstream Kemalist historiography. Forced to live in exile from the newly founded republic and separated from his family for more than 30 years, he was finally allowed to return to Turkey as an old man. Beyond the individual details, Eşref’s life epitomizes a number of broader trends that help us understand this era of rapid change in the region and its disastrous personal toll. As the son of Circassian immigrants, Eşref represents the demographic change that played a critical role in this period. The Ottoman military, especially the growing paramilitary forces, recruited heavily among the Circassians, who had been forced out of the Caucasus by Russian expansion in the 19th century. Eşref’s peripatetic career also highlights the extent to which technology – and the capacity for communication and movement that it enabled –changed the dynamic of this period. During his many adventures Eşref traveled by train, steamship, car and even aeroplane, and he was a committed user of the telegraph. Ultimately his career underscores the extent to which loyalty and personal networks worked both for and against agents like Eşref, who were always at the sharp end of events during this tumultuous and defining period of history. **Benjamin C. Fortna** is the author of _The Circassian: A Life of Eşref Bey, Late Ottoman Insurgent and Special Agent_ (Hurst, 2017). /div>script>(self.\_\_next\_f=self.\_\_next\_f||\[\]).push(\[0\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"m/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\"\],\\"FeatureFlagsProvider\\"\]\\n20:I\[883036,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\"\],\\"GlobalNavDataProvider\\"\]\\n22:I\[547209,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n2c:I\[19598,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\"\],\\"GoogleTagManager\\"\]\\n34:I\[495277,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n35:I\[522016,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"\\"\]\\n39:I\[592060,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n:HL\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ho\_gsu3b3cgp.css\\",\\"style\\"\]\\n:HL\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0w.gu738npgiu.css\\",\\"style\\"\]\\n:HL\[\\"/replatf"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"0:{\\"P\\":null,\\"c\\":\[\\"\\",\\"4939418\\",\\"turkish-lawrence-of-arabia\\",\\"\\"\],\\"q\\":\\"\\",\\"i\\":false,\\"f\\":\[\[\[\\"\\",{\\"children\\":\[\\"article\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"slug\\",\\"4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia\\",\\"c\\",null\],{\\"children\\":\[\\"\_\_PAGE\_\_\\",{}\]}\]}\]},\\"$undefined\\",\\"$undefined\\",16\],\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"c\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\[\\"$\\",\\"link\\",\\"0\\",{\\"rel\\":\\"stylesheet\\",\\"href\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ho\_gsu3b3cgp.css\\",\\"precedence\\":\\"next\\",\\"crossOrigin\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"link\\",\\"1\\",{\\"rel\\":\\"stylesheet\\",\\"href\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0w.gu738npgiu.css\\",\\"precedence\\":\\"next\\",\\"crossOrigin\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-0\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-1\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-2\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-3\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\]\],\\"$L2\\"\]}\],{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"c\\",{\\"children\\":\[null,\[\\"$\\",\\"$L3\\",null,{\\"parallelRouterKey\\":\\"children\\",\\"error\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"errorStyles\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"errorScripts\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"template\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L4\\",null,{}\],\\"templateStyles\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"templateScripts\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"notFound\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"forbidden\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"unauthorized\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\]\]}\],{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"c\\",{\\"children\\":\[null,\[\\"$\\",\\"$L3\\",null,{\\"parallelRouterKey\\":\\"children\\",\\"error\\":\\"$5\\",\\"errorStyles\\":\[\],\\"errorScripts\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-0\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08fop498r9vpp.js\\",\\"async\\":true}\]\],\\"template\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L4\\",null,{}\],\\"templateStyles\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"templateScripts\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"notFound\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"forbidden\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"unauthorized\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\]\]}\],{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"c\\",{\\"children\\":\[\\"$L6\\",\[\[\\"$\\",\\"link\\",\\"0\\",{\\"rel\\":\\"stylesheet\\",\\"href\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ko1..djum3h-.css\\",\\"precedence\\":\\"next\\",\\"crossOrigin\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-0\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-1\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-2\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-3\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-4\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-5\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-6\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-7\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-8\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-9\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-10\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-11\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-12\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-13\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-14\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"script\\",\\"script-15\\",{\\"src\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\",\\"async\\":true,\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\]\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L7\\",null,{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$8\\",null,{\\"name\\":\\"Next.MetadataOutlet\\",\\"children\\":\\"$@9\\"}\]}\]\]}\],{},null,false,null\]},null,false,null\]},null,false,\\"$@a\\"\]},null,false,null\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"h\\",{\\"children\\":\[null,\[\\"$\\",\\"$Lb\\",null,{\\"children\\":\\"$Lc\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"hidden\\":true,\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$Ld\\",null,{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$8\\",null,{\\"name\\":\\"Next.Metadata\\",\\"children\\":\\"$Le\\"}\]}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"meta\\",null,{\\"name\\":\\"next-size-adjust\\",\\"content\\":\\"\\"}\]\]}\],false\]\],\\"m\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"G\\":\[\\"$f\\",\[\[\\"$\\",\\"link\\",\\"0\\",{\\"rel\\":\\"stylesheet\\",\\"href\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ho\_gsu3b3cgp.css\\",\\"precedence\\":\\"next\\",\\"crossOrigin\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"link\\",\\"1\\",{\\"rel\\":\\"stylesheet\\",\\"href\\":\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0w.gu738npgiu.css\\",\\"precedence\\":\\"next\\",\\"crossOrigin\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"nonce\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\]\]\],\\"S\\":false,\\"h\\":null,\\"s\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"l\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"p\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"d\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"b\\":\\"kfIds9cKeWyI1fwtn\_q1j\\"}\\n"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"\\n // TCF Script\\n \\n// Enable TCF support for gtag\\nwindow.gtag\_enable\_tcf\_support = true;\\n\\n// TCF Script\\n(function() {\\n const makeStub = () =\\u003e {\\n const TCF\_LOCATOR\_NAME = \\"\_\_tcfapiLocator\\";\\n const queue = \[\];\\n const currentWindow = window;\\n let frameLocator = currentWindow;\\n let cmpFrame;\\n\\n function addFrame() {\\n const doc = currentWindow.document;\\n const otherCMP = !!(currentWindow.frames\[TCF\_LOCATOR\_NAME\]);\\n if (!otherCMP) {\\n if (doc.body) {\\n const iframe = doc.createElement('iframe');\\n iframe.style.cssText = 'display:none';\\n iframe.name = TCF\_LOCATOR\_NAME;\\n doc.body.appendChild(iframe);\\n } else {\\n setTimeout(addFrame, 5);\\n }\\n }\\n return !otherCMP;\\n }\\n\\n function tcfAPIHandler(...args) {\\n if (!args.length) {\\n return queue;\\n } else if (args\[0\] === 'ping') {\\n if (typeof args\[2\] === 'function') {\\n args\[2\]({ cmpLoaded: false, cmpStatus: 'stub' });\\n }\\n } else {\\n queue.push(args);\\n }\\n }\\n\\n function postMessageEventHandler(event) {\\n const msgIsString = typeof event.data === 'string';\\n let json = {};\\n if (msgIsString) {\\n try {\\n json = JSON.parse(event.data);\\n } catch (ignore) {}\\n } else {\\n json = event.data;\\n }\\n const payload = (typeof json === 'object' \\u0026\\u0026 json !== null) ? json.\_\_tcfapiCall : null;\\n if (payload) {\\n window.\_\_tcfapi(payload.command, payload.version, function(retValue, success) {\\n let returnMsg = {\\n \_\_tcfapiReturn: {\\n returnValue: retValue,\\n success: success,\\n callId: payload.callId,\\n },\\n };\\n if (event \\u0026\\u0026 event.source \\u0026\\u0026 event.source.postMessage) {\\n event.source.postMessage((msgIsString) ? JSON.stringify(returnMsg) : returnMsg, '\*');\\n }\\n }, payload.parameter);\\n }\\n }\\n\\n while (frameLocator) {\\n try {\\n if (frameLocator.frames\[TCF\_LOCATOR\_NAME\]) {\\n cmpFrame = frameLocator;\\n break;\\n }\\n } catch (ignore) {}\\n if (frameLocator === currentWindow.top) {\\n break;\\n }\\n frameLocator = frameLocator.parent;\\n }\\n if (!cmpFrame) {\\n addFrame();\\n }\\n currentWindow.\_\_tcfapi = tcfAPIHandler;\\n currentWindow.addEventListener('message', postMessageEventHandler, false);\\n };\\n makeStub();\\n})();\\n \\n\\n // GPP Script\\n \\n(function() {\\n window.\_\_gpp\_addFrame = function(n) {\\n if (!window.frames\[n\]) {\\n if (document.body) {\\n var i = document.createElement('iframe');\\n i.style.cssText = 'display:none';\\n i.name = n;\\n document.body.appendChild(i);\\n } else {\\n window.setTimeout(window.\_\_gpp\_addFrame, 10, n);\\n }\\n }\\n };\\n window.\_\_gpp\_stub = function() {\\n var b = arguments;\\n \_\_gpp.queue = \_\_gpp.queue || \[\];\\n if (!b.length) {\\n return \_\_gpp.queue;\\n }\\n var cmd = b\[0\];\\n var clb = b.length \\u003e 1 ? b\[1\] : null;\\n var par = b.length \\u003e 2 ? b\[2\] : null;\\n if (cmd === 'ping') {\\n return {cmpStatus: 'stub',signalStatus: 'notReady'};\\n } else if (cmd === 'addEventListener') {\\n \_\_gpp.events = \_\_gpp.events || \[\];\\n if (!('lastId' in \_\_gpp)) {\\n \_\_gpp.lastId = 0;\\n }\\n \_\_gpp.lastId++;\\n var lnr = \_\_gpp.lastId;\\n \_\_gpp.events.push({'id': lnr,'callback': clb,'parameter': par});\\n return {eventName: 'listenerRegistered',listenerId: lnr,data: true,pingData: {cmpStatus: 'stub',signalStatus: 'notReady'}};\\n } else if (cmd === 'removeEventListener') {\\n var success = false;\\n \_\_gpp.events = \_\_gpp.events || \[\];\\n for (var i = 0; i \\u003c \_\_gpp.events.length; i++) {\\n if (\_\_gpp.events\[i\].id == par) {\\n \_\_gpp.events.splice(i, 1);\\n success = true;\\n break;\\n }\\n }\\n return {eventName: 'listenerRemoved',listenerId: par,data: success,pingData: {cmpStatus: 'stub',signalStatus: 'notReady'}};\\n } else if (cmd === 'hasSection' || cmd === 'getSection' || cmd === 'getField') {\\n return null;\\n } else {\\n \_\_gpp.queue.push(\[\].slice.apply(b));\\n }\\n };\\n window.\_\_gpp\_msghandler = function(event) {\\n var msgIsString = typeof event.data === 'string';\\n try {\\n var json = msgIsString ? JSON.parse(event.data) : event.data;\\n } catch (e) {\\n var json = null;\\n }\\n if (typeof(json) === 'object' \\u0026\\u0026 json !== null \\u0026\\u0026 '\_\_gppCall' in json) {\\n var i = json.\_\_gppCall;\\n window.\_\_gpp(i.command, function(retValue, success) {\\n var returnMsg = {'\_\_gppReturn': {'returnValue': retValue,'success': success,'callId': i.callId}};\\n event.source.postMessage(msgIsString ? JSON.stringify(returnMsg) : returnMsg, '\*');\\n }, 'parameter' in i ? i.parameter : null, 'version' in i ? i.version : '1.1');\\n }\\n };\\n if (!('\_\_gpp' in window) || (typeof(window.\_\_gpp) !== 'function')) {\\n window.\_\_gpp = window.\_\_gpp\_stub;\\n window.addEventListener('message', window.\_\_gpp\_msghandler, false);\\n window.\_\_gpp\_addFrame('\_\_gppLocator');\\n }\\n})();\\n\\n\\n // Ketch CMP Init\\n window.semaphore = window.semaphore || \[\];\\n window.ketch = function() { window.semaphore.push(arguments); };\\n\\n // Load Ketch CMP Script\\n var script = document.createElement('script');\\n script.src = \\"https://global.ketchcdn.com/web/v3/config/time/time\_com/boot.js\\";\\n script.async = true;\\n document.head.appendChild(script);\\n\\n window.ketch('on', 'consent', function(consent) {\\n window.customKetchConsent = consent?.purposes || {};\\n });\\n "\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"\\n window.pdl = window.pdl || {};\\n window.pdl.requireConsent = 'v2';\\n window.pdl.consent = {\\n defaultPreset: { PA: 'essential' },\\n products: \[\\"PA\\",\\"COMPOSER\\",\\"ID\\",\\"VX\\"\]\\n };\\n (function () {\\n var KETCH\_TO\_PIANO = {\\"analytics\\":\\"AM\\"};\\n function mode(granted) { return granted ? 'opt-in' : 'opt-out'; }\\n function apply(purposes) {\\n if (!purposes) return;\\n var keys = Object.keys(KETCH\_TO\_PIANO).filter(function (k) { return k in purposes; });\\n if (!keys.length) return;\\n function setAll(setter) {\\n keys.forEach(function (k) {\\n try { setter(KETCH\_TO\_PIANO\[k\], mode(!!purposes\[k\])); } catch (e) {}\\n });\\n }\\n if (window.pa \\u0026\\u0026 window.pa.consent \\u0026\\u0026 window.pa.consent.setByPurpose) {\\n setAll(function (p, m) { window.pa.consent.setByPurpose(p, m); });\\n } else {\\n window.tp = window.tp || \[\];\\n window.tp.push(\['init', function () {\\n if (window.pa \\u0026\\u0026 window.pa.consent \\u0026\\u0026 window.pa.consent.setByPurpose) {\\n setAll(function (p, m) { window.pa.consent.setByPurpose(p, m); });\\n } else if (window.tp.consent \\u0026\\u0026 window.tp.consent.setByPurpose) {\\n setAll(function (p, m) { window.tp.consent.setByPurpose(p, m); });\\n }\\n }\]);\\n }\\n }\\n window.semaphore = window.semaphore || \[\];\\n window.ketch = window.ketch || function () { window.semaphore.push(arguments); };\\n window.ketch('on', 'consent', function (consent) { apply(consent \\u0026\\u0026 consent.purposes); });\\n })();\\n "\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"\\n window\[\\"tp\\"\] = window\[\\"tp\\"\] || \[\];\\n window.tp.push(\[\\"setAid\\", \\"FfLJAyXGpu\\"\]); \\n window.tp.push(\[\\"setUsePianoIdUserProvider\\", true \]);\\n window.tp.push(\['setComposerHost','https://c2.time.com'\]); \\n window.tp.push(\[\\"setPianoIdUrl\\", \\"https://auth.time.com\\"\])\\n window.tp.push(\[\\"setEndpoint\\", \\"https://vx.time.com\\"\])\\n \\n window.tp.push(\[\\"init\\", function () {\\n window.tp.setExcludedGAEvents({\\n loginDisplayed: true,\\n registrationDisplayed: true,\\n loginSuccess: true,\\n registrationSuccess: true,\\n logout: true\\n });\\n window.tp.setGA4Config({\\n measurementId: 'G-QF1KF20ZL1',\\n eventParameters: {\\n send\_page\_view: false\\n }\\n });\\n }\]);\\n \\n tp.push(\[\\"init\\", function () {\\n tp.pianoId.init({\\n loginDisplayed: function () {\\n window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || \[\];\\n window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'login\_begin', page\_location: window.location.href });\\n },\\n registerDisplayed: function () {\\n window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || \[\];\\n window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'registration\_begin', page\_location: window.location.href });\\n },\\n loginSuccess: function (data) {\\n window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || \[\];\\n window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'login\_complete', method: data.user.ls || 'ID' });\\n },\\n loginFailed: function (data) {\\n window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || \[\];\\n window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'login\_failed', reason: data.errors \\u0026\\u0026 data.errors\[0\] ? data.errors\[0\].message : 'unknown' });\\n },\\n registrationFailed: function (data) {\\n window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || \[\];\\n window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'registration\_failed', reason: data.errors \\u0026\\u0026 data.errors\[0\] ? data.errors\[0\].message : 'unknown' });\\n }\\n });\\n }\]);\\n tp.push(\[\\"init\\", function () {\\n tp.experience.init()\\n }\]);\\n "\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"M33.8854 0.503906C33.8854 0.503906 35.4213 4.67311 35.668 5.28671C35.9202 5.89483 40.612 16.4466 40.612 16.4466C40.612 16.4466 42.8149 11.8994 44.7768 7.02342C45.1748 6.03727 45.6961 4.74981 46.0773 3.7034C46.6378 2.17487 47.26 0.503906 47.26 0.503906H48.4652C48.4652 0.503906 48.7623 2.36662 48.8688 3.19937C49.1771 5.61542 51.1951 15.4276 51.9013 18.6544C52.0807 19.4598 52.2152 20.1611 52.2152 20.1611C52.4226 20.172 53.241 20.2432 53.7231 20.2816C53.824 20.2871 54.0931 20.3035 54.1547 20.3035V20.7911C54.1547 20.7911 53.9361 20.8021 53.8128 20.8021C52.7309 20.7966 51.0437 20.7089 50.0067 20.7089C49.0818 20.7089 48.1905 20.7801 47.2656 20.7966C47.1087 20.8021 46.9517 20.7911 46.7892 20.7911V20.309C46.7948 20.309 46.9181 20.3035 46.9854 20.3035C47.4394 20.2871 48.6334 20.183 48.7567 20.1775C48.7567 20.0022 48.6894 19.3886 48.5941 18.764C48.5269 18.3257 48.4148 17.5697 48.2914 16.8301C48.028 15.3892 46.806 9.4066 46.4472 7.74659C46.3856 7.47266 46.352 7.31926 46.352 7.31926C46.352 7.31926 42.5739 15.7892 41.8115 17.4601C41.7387 17.6245 41.6826 17.7395 41.6658 17.7779C40.9371 19.3831 40.3261 20.8185 40.3261 20.8185L39.2499 20.813L33.3641 7.58223L33.224 7.27543C33.224 7.27543 32.7083 9.75723 31.9684 13.2526C31.576 15.1427 30.7632 19.8707 30.7072 20.183C31.178 20.2432 32.0973 20.309 32.3496 20.3035H32.5794V20.7801C32.4729 20.7911 32.2318 20.7966 32.2206 20.7966C31.3294 20.7801 30.6903 20.7199 29.7318 20.7199C29.4796 20.7199 28.1455 20.7801 27.6746 20.7966C27.4784 20.8021 27.2038 20.7856 27.1477 20.7856V20.3145C27.1925 20.3145 27.2878 20.298 27.3439 20.298C27.7699 20.2816 28.4201 20.2268 28.9751 20.1611C29.0199 19.931 29.4964 17.5971 29.6533 16.7698C30.2419 14.036 31.974 4.90869 32.1926 3.67601C32.3832 2.34471 32.6018 0.695657 32.6242 0.509385C33.0895 0.520342 33.8854 0.503906 33.8854 0.503906Z"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"17:\[\\"$\\",\\"$L2c\\",null,{\\"gtmId\\":\\"GTM-P59JVDP\\"}\]\\n24:\[\\"$\\",\\"path\\",null,{\\"d\\":\\"M26.065 20.8028C25.269 20.8028 23.9125 20.6878 22.8979 20.6878C21.8833 20.6878 20.5324 20.8028 19.5515 20.8028C19.4674 20.8028 19.3216 20.7864 19.2432 20.7864V20.3043C19.4337 20.2988 20.3026 20.233 20.5436 20.2166C20.8239 20.2002 21.0873 20.1837 21.2051 20.1509C21.2051 20.1509 21.2051 19.5701 21.2107 18.6716C21.2219 15.5598 21.2443 6.77217 21.2107 2.79472C21.2051 2.37286 21.2051 1.31002 21.2051 1.15662C21.0201 1.14018 20.7622 1.11827 20.5829 1.09635C20.353 1.0854 19.4057 1.0087 19.2432 0.99774L19.2375 0.515625C20.1793 0.515625 21.575 0.597804 22.7073 0.597804C23.8396 0.597804 25.2578 0.515625 26.3677 0.515625V1.01965C26.1939 1.03061 25.7623 1.05253 25.7511 1.05253C25.426 1.07992 24.5235 1.16758 24.2993 1.18401V2.72897C24.2993 6.29005 24.2937 15.6091 24.2937 18.7429V19.7619C24.2937 20.0029 24.2937 20.1454 24.2993 20.1563C24.3049 20.1728 24.871 20.2221 25.0056 20.2276C25.2578 20.2495 26.2892 20.2933 26.3172 20.2988H26.3845V20.7809C26.2948 20.7864 26.1322 20.8028 26.065 20.8028Z\\",\\"fill\\":\\"white\\"}\]\\n2d:T996,"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"25:\[\\"$\\",\\"path\\",null,{\\"d\\":\\"$2d\\",\\"fill\\":\\"white\\"}\]\\n26:\[\\"$\\",\\"defs\\",null,{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"clipPath\\",null,{\\"id\\":\\"clip0\_5035\_44915\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"rect\\",null,{\\"width\\":\\"70.6174\\",\\"height\\":\\"20.3146\\",\\"fill\\":\\"white\\",\\"transform\\":\\"translate(0.190674 0.504028)\\"}\]}\]}\]\\n"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"36:T486,M21.9371 21.0781C21.9371 21.4108 21.6662 21.6817 21.3344 21.6817H13.1408C12.81 21.6817 12.5411 21.4108 12.5411 21.079V16.1165H13.7193C13.6516 16.397 13.6187 16.6872 13.6187 16.9871C13.6187 18.9895 15.241 20.6147 17.2463 20.6147C19.2488 20.6147 20.8739 18.9895 20.8739 16.9871C20.8739 16.6911 20.8372 16.4028 20.7695 16.1261H21.9496V21.0781H21.9371ZM15.033 16.1155C15.3774 15.2381 16.2325 14.6142 17.2328 14.6142C18.2388 14.6142 19.0901 15.2381 19.4384 16.1165C19.5448 16.3873 19.6028 16.6775 19.6028 16.9871C19.6028 18.2901 18.5387 19.3513 17.2425 19.3513C15.9414 19.3513 14.8802 18.2901 14.8802 16.9881C14.8802 16.6843 14.9382 16.3931 15.0446 16.1271L15.033 16.1155ZM19.7886 12.6562C19.7886 12.4724 19.9375 12.3234 20.1213 12.3234H21.5627C21.7465 12.3234 21.8955 12.4724 21.8955 12.6562V14.0976C21.8955 14.2814 21.7504 14.4304 21.5666 14.4304H20.1252C19.9414 14.4304 19.7963 14.2814 19.7963 14.0976V12.6562H19.7886ZM21.3334 11.0098H13.1321C12.1019 11.0098 11.2651 11.8465 11.2651 12.8768V21.08C11.2651 22.1093 12.1019 22.947 13.1321 22.947H21.3354C22.3656 22.947 23.2024 22.1093 23.2024 21.08V12.8768C23.2024 11.8465 22.3656 11.0098 21.3354 11.0098H21.3334Z"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"29:\[\\"$\\",\\"p\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-center text-caption-small text-warm-grey-2 mb-4\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"© \\",2026,\\" TIME USA, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our\\",\\" \\",\[\\"$\\",\\"$L35\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"underline focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color\\",\\"href\\":\\"https://legal.time.com/terms-of-service\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"NEW \\",\\"Terms of Service\\"\]}\],\\",\\",\\" \\",\[\\"$\\",\\"$L35\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"underline focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color\\",\\"href\\":\\"https://legal.time.com/us-privacy-policy\\",\\"children\\":\\"Privacy Policy\\"}\],\\" \\",\\"and\\",\\" \\",\[\\"$\\",\\"$L39\\",null,{\\"children\\":\\"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information\\"}\],\\".\\"\]}\]\\n2a:\[\\"$\\",\\"p\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-center text-caption-small text-warm-grey-2 mb-4\\",\\"children\\":\\"TIME may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Offers may be subject to change without notice.\\"}\]\\n2b:\[\\"$\\",\\"p\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-center text-caption-small text-warm-grey-2\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google\\",\\" \\",\[\\"$\\",\\"$L35\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"underline focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color\\",\\"href\\":\\"https://policies.google.com/privacy\\",\\"target\\":\\"\_blank\\",\\"rel\\":\\"noopener noreferrer\\",\\"children\\":\\"Privacy Policy\\"}\],\\" \\",\\"and\\",\\" \\",\[\\"$\\",\\"$L35\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"underline focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color\\",\\"href\\":\\"https://policies.google.com/terms\\",\\"target\\":\\"\_blank\\",\\"rel\\":\\"noopener noreferrer\\",\\"children\\":\\"Terms of Service\\"}\],\\" \\",\\"apply.\\"\]}\]\\n2e:\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Sports\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"/section/sports/\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"Sections | Sports\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Sports\\"}\]}\]\\n2f:\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Technology\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"/tag/technology/\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"Sections | Technology\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Technology\\"}\]}\]\\n30:\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Newsletters\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"/newsletters/?source=TD\_Footer\_Link\\u0026utm\_source\_pg=web\\u0026utm\_medium\_pg=footer\\u0026utm\_campaign\_pg=footer\\u0026utm\_content\_pg=footer-inside-time\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"Sections | Newsletters\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Newsletters\\"}\]}\]\\n"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"32:\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",\\"About Us\\",{\\"ref\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"className\\":\\"col-span-full mb-8 border-b border-grey-1 pb-6 last:mb-0 last:border-0 last:pb-0 lg:col-span-3 lg:mb-0 lg:border-0 lg:pb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"h2\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"text-center font-editorial text-h5 text-ivory-white lg:border-b lg:border-grey-1 lg:pb-4 lg:text-start\\",\\"children\\":\\"About Us\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"mt-6 grid grid-cols-2 gap-x-4 lg:mb-0 lg:mt-4 lg:grid-cols-1 lg:gap-y-5\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"ul\\",\\"/about-time/|mailto:feedback@time.com|/section/press-room/|/mediakit/|https://www.parsintl.com/publication/time\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Our Mission\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"/about-time/\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"About Us | Our Mission\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Our Mission\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Contact the Editors\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"mailto:feedback@time.com\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"About Us | Contact the Editors\\"},\\"target\\":\\"\_top\\",\\"children\\":\\"Contact the Editors\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Press Room\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"/section/press-room/\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"About Us | Press Room\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Press Room\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Media Kit\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"/mediakit/\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"About Us | Media Kit\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Media Kit\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Reprints \\u0026 Permissions\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"https://www.parsintl.com/publication/time\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"About Us | Reprints \\u0026 Permissions\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Reprints \\u0026 Permissions\\"}\]}\]\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"ul\\",\\"/time-masthead/|/join-time/|https://time.com/sitemap.xml|/modern-slavery-statement/\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Masthead\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"/time-masthead/\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"About Us | Masthead\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Masthead\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Careers\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"/join-time/\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"About Us | Careers\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Careers\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Site Map\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"https://time.com/sitemap.xml\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"About Us | Site Map\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Site Map\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Modern Slavery Statement\\",{\\"className\\":\\"mb-5 flex items-stretch last:mb-0\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"font-graphik text-body-large transition-colors hover:underline\\",\\"href\\":\\"/modern-slavery-statement/\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"About Us | Modern Slavery Statement\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Modern Slavery Statement\\"}\]}\]\]}\]\]}\]\]}\]\\n"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"37:\[\\"$\\",\\"svg\\",null,{\\"xmlns\\":\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\",\\"width\\":\\"1.5rem\\",\\"height\\":\\"1.5rem\\",\\"viewBox\\":\\"0 0 36 35\\",\\"fill\\":\\"none\\",\\"className\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"title\\",null,{\\"children\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"path\\",null,{\\"fillRule\\":\\"evenodd\\",\\"clipRule\\":\\"evenodd\\",\\"d\\":\\"M32.0269 17.2079C32.0269 25.2099 25.5407 31.6951 17.5387 31.6951C9.53669 31.6951 3.05054 25.2099 3.05054 17.2079C3.05054 9.20589 9.53669 2.7207 17.5387 2.7207C25.5407 2.7207 32.0269 9.20589 32.0269 17.2079Z\\",\\"stroke\\":\\"currentColor\\",\\"strokeWidth\\":\\"1.93472\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"g\\",null,{\\"clipPath\\":\\"url(#clip0\_5328\_306)\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"path\\",null,{\\"d\\":\\"M19.1414 16.0786L23.6087 11H22.5501L18.6711 15.4097L15.573 11H11.9998L16.6847 17.6682L11.9998 22.9938H13.0584L17.1547 18.3371L20.4265 22.9938H23.9998L19.1411 16.0786H19.1414ZM17.6914 17.7269L17.2167 17.0629L13.4399 11.7794H15.0659L18.1139 16.0434L18.5886 16.7074L22.5506 22.2499H20.9245L17.6914 17.7272V17.7269Z\\",\\"fill\\":\\"currentColor\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"defs\\",null,{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"clipPath\\",null,{\\"id\\":\\"clip0\_5328\_306\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"rect\\",null,{\\"width\\":\\"12\\",\\"height\\":\\"12\\",\\"fill\\":\\"white\\",\\"transform\\":\\"translate(11.9998 11)\\"}\]}\]}\]\]}\]\\n3a:T4ac,M16.8038 19.6642C16.7922 19.701 16.7825 19.7339 16.7747 19.7658C16.2862 21.6773 16.2311 22.102 15.73 22.9891C15.491 23.4118 15.2221 23.8113 14.9232 24.1944C14.8903 24.237 14.8584 24.2931 14.7907 24.2795C14.723 24.2699 14.7133 24.2021 14.7133 24.1441C14.6359 23.5637 14.5875 22.9833 14.6069 22.3932C14.6359 21.629 14.7326 21.3678 15.7193 17.2275C15.7387 17.1694 15.7193 17.1114 15.7 17.0533C15.4678 16.4246 15.4195 15.7764 15.6226 15.1186C16.0676 13.7063 17.6734 13.5999 17.954 14.7704C18.1281 15.4959 17.6715 16.4342 17.3213 17.8272C17.0311 18.9784 18.3854 19.8006 19.5443 18.959C20.6142 18.1852 21.0282 16.3278 20.947 15.0122C20.7922 12.3907 17.9191 11.8296 16.0908 12.6712C14.0013 13.6386 13.5273 16.2311 14.4705 17.4209C14.5924 17.5728 14.6833 17.6628 14.6446 17.8176C14.5866 18.0536 14.5314 18.2916 14.4647 18.5286C14.4163 18.7066 14.2712 18.7704 14.0932 18.6979C13.745 18.5547 13.4548 18.3332 13.2226 18.042C12.4197 17.0495 12.1875 15.0848 13.2516 13.4219C14.424 11.5781 16.6084 10.8332 18.605 11.0586C20.9924 11.3295 22.4938 12.9585 22.7801 14.8052C22.9059 15.6468 22.814 17.7189 21.6328 19.1873C20.2746 20.8705 18.0729 20.9808 17.0572 19.9467C16.9798 19.8693 16.916 19.7726 16.8395 19.683638:\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"Pinterest\\",{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L34\\",null,{\\"variant\\":\\"icon\\",\\"asChild\\":true,\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"globalFooter\\",\\"clickText\\":\\"Social | Pinterest\\"},\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L35\\",null,{\\"href\\":\\"https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine\\",\\"aria-label\\":\\"Share on Pinterest\\",\\"target\\":\\"\_blank\\",\\"rel\\":\\"noopener noreferrer\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"svg\\",null,{\\"xmlns\\":\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\",\\"width\\":\\"1.5rem\\",\\"height\\":\\"1.5rem\\",\\"viewBox\\":\\"0 0 36 35\\",\\"fill\\":\\"none\\",\\"className\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"title\\",null,{\\"children\\":\\"$undefined\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"g\\",null,{\\"id\\":\\"Img\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"g\\",null,{\\"id\\":\\"Group\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"path\\",null,{\\"id\\":\\"Vector\\",\\"fillRule\\":\\"evenodd\\",\\"clipRule\\":\\"evenodd\\",\\"d\\":\\"M32.0992 17.2079C32.0992 25.2099 25.613 31.6951 17.612 31.6951C9.61188 31.6951 3.12476 25.2099 3.12476 17.2079C3.12476 9.20589 9.61188 2.7207 17.612 2.7207C25.612 2.7207 32.0992 9.20589 32.0992 17.2079Z\\",\\"stroke\\":\\"currentColor\\",\\"strokeWidth\\":\\"1.93472\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"path\\",null,{\\"id\\":\\"Vector\_2\\",\\"fillRule\\":\\"evenodd\\",\\"clipRule\\":\\"evenodd\\",\\"d\\":\\"$3a\\",\\"fill\\":\\"currentColor\\"}\]\]}\]}\]\]}\]}\]}\]}\]\\nc:\[\[\\"$\\",\\"meta\\",\\"0\\",{\\"charSet\\":\\"utf-8\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"meta\\",\\"1\\",{\\"name\\":\\"viewport\\",\\"content\\":\\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\\"}\]\]\\n"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"M33.8854 0.503906C33.8854 0.503906 35.4213 4.67311 35.668 5.28671C35.9202 5.89483 40.612 16.4466 40.612 16.4466C40.612 16.4466 42.8149 11.8994 44.7768 7.02342C45.1748 6.03727 45.6961 4.74981 46.0773 3.7034C46.6378 2.17487 47.26 0.503906 47.26 0.503906H48.4652C48.4652 0.503906 48.7623 2.36662 48.8688 3.19937C49.1771 5.61542 51.1951 15.4276 51.9013 18.6544C52.0807 19.4598 52.2152 20.1611 52.2152 20.1611C52.4226 20.172 53.241 20.2432 53.7231 20.2816C53.824 20.2871 54.0931 20.3035 54.1547 20.3035V20.7911C54.1547 20.7911 53.9361 20.8021 53.8128 20.8021C52.7309 20.7966 51.0437 20.7089 50.0067 20.7089C49.0818 20.7089 48.1905 20.7801 47.2656 20.7966C47.1087 20.8021 46.9517 20.7911 46.7892 20.7911V20.309C46.7948 20.309 46.9181 20.3035 46.9854 20.3035C47.4394 20.2871 48.6334 20.183 48.7567 20.1775C48.7567 20.0022 48.6894 19.3886 48.5941 18.764C48.5269 18.3257 48.4148 17.5697 48.2914 16.8301C48.028 15.3892 46.806 9.4066 46.4472 7.74659C46.3856 7.47266 46.352 7.31926 46.352 7.31926C46.352 7.31926 42.5739 15.7892 41.8115 17.4601C41.7387 17.6245 41.6826 17.7395 41.6658 17.7779C40.9371 19.3831 40.3261 20.8185 40.3261 20.8185L39.2499 20.813L33.3641 7.58223L33.224 7.27543C33.224 7.27543 32.7083 9.75723 31.9684 13.2526C31.576 15.1427 30.7632 19.8707 30.7072 20.183C31.178 20.2432 32.0973 20.309 32.3496 20.3035H32.5794V20.7801C32.4729 20.7911 32.2318 20.7966 32.2206 20.7966C31.3294 20.7801 30.6903 20.7199 29.7318 20.7199C29.4796 20.7199 28.1455 20.7801 27.6746 20.7966C27.4784 20.8021 27.2038 20.7856 27.1477 20.7856V20.3145C27.1925 20.3145 27.2878 20.298 27.3439 20.298C27.7699 20.2816 28.4201 20.2268 28.9751 20.1611C29.0199 19.931 29.4964 17.5971 29.6533 16.7698C30.2419 14.036 31.974 4.90869 32.1926 3.67601C32.3832 2.34471 32.6018 0.695657 32.6242 0.509385C33.0895 0.520342 33.8854 0.503906 33.8854 0.503906Z"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"48:I\[305261,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n49:I\[405871,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/1208-3\~i\_02r1.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0mq75zv2wwxv1.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n4a:I\[136140,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n4b:I\[549300,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n4c:I\[185258,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/rep"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"M59.8706 1.97217L59.865 9.94898L65.7227 9.96542C65.7507 9.96542 67.2754 9.92159 67.309 9.92707C67.4043 9.92707 68.4469 9.87228 68.4862 9.86133C68.4862 9.86133 68.503 9.77915 68.5254 9.71888C68.6095 9.23677 68.716 8.77657 68.744 8.42046C68.744 8.42046 68.7721 8.26706 68.7721 8.16296L69.1028 8.15749C69.1028 8.19584 69.1196 8.28897 69.1196 8.41498C69.114 8.89709 69.0747 9.8942 69.0747 10.5461C69.0747 11.4885 69.1084 12.3376 69.114 12.765C69.1196 12.8855 69.1084 13.0827 69.1084 13.0827H68.744C68.7384 13.0389 68.7328 12.9896 68.7216 12.9403C68.6543 12.3979 68.6039 12.0144 68.5086 11.4611C68.5086 11.4337 68.4862 11.3351 68.4806 11.2693C68.2956 11.2584 67.8023 11.2419 67.5389 11.2364C67.4267 11.231 65.9974 11.2255 64.3886 11.22C63.7328 11.22 62.55 11.2474 62.0455 11.2474C61.457 11.2474 60.4872 11.2803 59.8538 11.3022L59.8594 18.5339L59.8874 19.4653L63.4413 19.5201L68.5086 19.5146C68.531 19.5146 69.6689 19.4762 70.0221 19.4817C70.0949 19.4817 70.2463 19.4708 70.2463 19.4708C70.2799 19.2352 70.3192 18.764 70.364 18.3093C70.3696 18.2545 70.4929 17.0547 70.4929 16.7315L70.8068 16.726C70.8068 17.0328 70.7396 20.8185 70.7396 20.8185C70.1678 20.8185 68.4189 20.8185 66.2496 20.7911C64.9379 20.7747 63.4749 20.7747 62.0343 20.7582C60.8628 20.7418 59.7081 20.7089 58.6542 20.7089C57.152 20.7089 55.6833 20.7966 55.1116 20.7966C54.9827 20.7966 54.7528 20.7856 54.7024 20.7856V20.309H54.8089C55.162 20.309 56.199 20.2542 56.7372 20.1665C56.7372 20.0734 56.7708 18.89 56.7708 18.8681V3.22128C56.7708 2.49811 56.754 1.29282 56.754 1.18325C56.4513 1.15038 56.3392 1.13394 56.2775 1.12299C55.9524 1.08464 55.3134 1.03533 54.9715 1.01341C54.8762 1.01341 54.7697 1.00246 54.7136 0.996979C54.7136 0.996979 54.7136 0.531299 54.708 0.520342C54.7865 0.525821 54.9434 0.514863 55.2349 0.514863C55.8403 0.514863 56.9502 0.597042 58.3067 0.597042C59.1587 0.597042 60.5377 0.558692 61.5242 0.547735C62.9312 0.547735 63.9962 0.536778 65.3583 0.531299C67.5837 0.520342 69.4783 0.503906 70.2239 0.503906H70.5602V0.629914C70.5602 0.777835 70.5546 1.04629 70.5546 1.36952C70.5602 2.37758 70.5882 3.96637 70.5882 4.48136H70.2743L70.2687 4.33891C70.2351 3.98281 70.1678 2.9857 70.0837 2.14748C70.0781 2.07078 70.0613 2.016 70.0613 2.016C69.8763 2.01052 69.114 1.9886 69.1028 1.97764C69.0916 1.96669 68.4862 1.96121 68.4694 1.95573C68.4638 1.95573 66.4738 1.94477 64.4278 1.93929C63.0265 1.93929 61.6531 1.94477 60.8067 1.94477C60.6161 1.95025 59.8706 1.97217 59.8706 1.97217Z"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"4e:I\[27201,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\"\],\\"IconMark\\"\]\\n9:null\\n"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"4f:I\[972383,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"ErrorBoundary\\"\]\\n50:I\[636831,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n51:I\[443450,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"ScaleAgentOverlay\\"\]\\n52:I\[290649,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"6:\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"bg-ivory-white\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$L4f\\",null,{\\"errorComponent\\":\\"$50\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L51\\",null,{\\"articleTitle\\":\\"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'\\",\\"postId\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L3b\\",null,{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$L52\\",null,{\\"pageRef\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"contentTypeUid\\":\\"article\\",\\"locale\\":\\"en-us\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L3c\\",null,{\\"preNavContent\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"postNavContent\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"crossSiteBannerData\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"navigationType\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"navigationSections\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"includeStickyLeaderboard\\":true}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"main\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"sr-only\\",\\"aria-hidden\\":\\"true\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"a\\",null,{\\"id\\":\\"maincontent\\"}\]}\],\[false,\[false,\\"$undefined\\",\[\[\\"$\\",\\"section\\",null,{\\"aria-labelledby\\":\\"intro-section\\",\\"className\\":\\"py-5 lg:py-10\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"ref\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"className\\":\\"container mx-auto max-w-\[90rem\] px-6 lg:px-20\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"img\\",null,{\\"src\\":\\"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb9c0de88cd9b4eb5/6988dd980a4a2271979cfdf6/constantinople.jpeg?branch=production\\u0026width=2400\\u0026quality=75\\u0026auto=webp\\u0026crop=16:9\\",\\"alt\\":\\"\\",\\"aria-hidden\\":\\"true\\",\\"tabIndex\\":-1,\\"loading\\":\\"lazy\\",\\"width\\":1200,\\"height\\":675,\\"className\\":\\"hidden\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"grid gap-x-4 grid-cols-4 lg:grid-cols-12\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"ref\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"className\\":\\"col-span-full flex flex-col gap-3 lg:gap-6 lg:col-span-5 lg:mr-16 my-auto\\",\\"children\\":\[null,\[\\"$\\",\\"ul\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"flex flex-wrap gap-2\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"History\\",{\\"data-cslp\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"data-cslp-field-type\\":\\"Reference\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L34\\",null,{\\"variant\\":\\"outlined-filled\\",\\"theme\\":\\"dark\\",\\"asChild\\":true,\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"internalClick\\",\\"componentType\\":\\"standard hero\\",\\"articleName\\":\\"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'\\",\\"publishDate\\":\\"2026-02-23T17:24:24.187Z\\",\\"updateDate\\":\\"2026-02-23T17:24:23.430Z\\",\\"articleType\\":\\"Standard\\",\\"authorId\\":\\"blt88fa505b0ee52aff\\",\\"authorType\\":\\"contributor\\",\\"topic\\":\\"History\\"},\\"className\\":\\"bg-grey-1 text-ivory-white\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"href\\":\\"/section/history/\\",\\"className\\":\\"\[text-box:trim-both\_cap\_alphabetic\]\\",\\"children\\":\\"History\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L53\\",null,{\\"followedObjectType\\":\\"section\\",\\"followedObject\\":{\\"name\\":\\"History\\",\\"url\\":\\"/section/history/\\",\\"id\\":\\"bltfcb0d79d878bb4cc\\"},\\"onDarkBackground\\":true}\]\]}\]}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"li\\",\\"People\\",{\\"data-cslp\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"data-cslp-field-type\\":\\"Reference\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L34\\",null,{\\"variant\\":\\"outlined-filled\\",\\"theme\\":\\"dark\\",\\"asChild\\":true,\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"internalClick\\",\\"componentType\\":\\"standard hero\\",\\"articleName\\":\\"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'\\",\\"publishDate\\":\\"2026-02-23T17:24:24.187Z\\",\\"updateDate\\":\\"2026-02-23T17:24:23.430Z\\",\\"articleType\\":\\"Standard\\",\\"authorId\\":\\"blt88fa505b0ee52aff\\",\\"authorType\\":\\"contributor\\",\\"topic\\":\\"People\\"},\\"className\\":\\"bg-grey-1 text-ivory-white\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"href\\":\\"/tag/people/\\",\\"className\\":\\"\[text-box:trim-both\_cap\_alphabetic\]\\",\\"children\\":\\"People\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L53\\",null,{\\"followedObjectType\\":\\"tag\\",\\"followedObject\\":{\\"name\\":\\"People\\",\\"url\\":\\"/tag/people/\\",\\"id\\":\\"bltee65b429d52d2a04\\"},\\"onDarkBackground\\":true}\]\]}\]}\]}\]\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"flex flex-col gap-2 lg:-mt-2\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"h1\\",null,{\\"id\\":\\"intro-section\\",\\"className\\":\\"font-editorial text-mobile-h2 text-black-coffee lg:text-h2\\",\\"children\\":\\"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"flex flex-wrap items-center gap-4\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L54\\",null,{\\"variation\\":\\"default\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"hidden border-b pb-6 lg:flex lg:max-w-\[26rem\] border-warm-grey-2\\",\\"data-cslp-field-type\\":\\"Reference\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"flex flex-col gap-4\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"flex flex-row items-center gap-2\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$undefined\\",\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"mb-1 flex font-graphik-compact text-t4 text-black-coffee\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"span\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"mr-1\\",\\"children\\":\\"by \\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"inline-flex flex-wrap items-center\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"href\\":\\"https://time.com/author/history-today/\\",\\"className\\":\\"underline hover:text-brand-red focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"internalClick\\",\\"componentType\\":\\"standard hero\_author modal\\",\\"articleName\\":\\"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'\\",\\"publishDate\\":\\"2026-02-23T17:24:24.187Z\\",\\"updateDate\\":\\"2026-02-23T17:24:23.430Z\\",\\"articleType\\":\\"Standard\\",\\"author\\":\\"History Today\\",\\"authorId\\":\\"blt88fa505b0ee52aff\\",\\"authorType\\":\\"contributor\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Benjamin C. Fortna / History Today\\"}\]}\],\\"$L55\\"\]}\],\\"\\"\]}\]\]}\],false,false\]}\]}\],\\"$L56\\"\]}\],\\"$L57\\",\\"$L58\\"\]}\]\]}\]}\],\\"$L59\\",false,null,\\"$L5a\\",\\"$undefined\\",\\"$L5b\\",false\],false,false\],\\"$L5c\\",\\"$L5d\\"\],false\]}\]\]}\],\\"$L5e\\"\]}\],\\"$L5f\\"\]\\n"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"ks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"MarfeelRrNewsletterBreaker\\"\]\\n72:I\[822457,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n73:I\[17663,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n74:I\[802858,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n75:I\[132434,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chun"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"58:\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"ref\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"className\\":\\"col-span-full mt-3 lg:mt-6 lg:hidden\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"border-b pb-4 border-warm-grey-2\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"flex flex-col gap-4\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"flex flex-row items-center gap-2\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$undefined\\",\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"mb-1 flex font-graphik-compact text-t4 text-black-coffee\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"span\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"mr-1\\",\\"children\\":\\"by \\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"inline-flex flex-wrap items-center\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L22\\",null,{\\"href\\":\\"https://time.com/author/history-today/\\",\\"className\\":\\"underline hover:text-brand-red focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color\\",\\"gtmData\\":{\\"event\\":\\"internalClick\\",\\"componentType\\":\\"standard hero\_author modal\\",\\"articleName\\":\\"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'\\",\\"publishDate\\":\\"2026-02-23T17:24:24.187Z\\",\\"updateDate\\":\\"2026-02-23T17:24:23.430Z\\",\\"articleType\\":\\"Standard\\",\\"author\\":\\"History Today\\",\\"authorId\\":\\"blt88fa505b0ee52aff\\",\\"authorType\\":\\"contributor\\"},\\"children\\":\\"Benjamin C. Fortna / History Today\\"}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L53\\",null,{\\"followedObjectType\\":\\"author\\",\\"followedObject\\":{\\"name\\":\\"Benjamin C. Fortna / History Today\\",\\"url\\":\\"/author/history-today/\\",\\"id\\":\\"blt88fa505b0ee52aff\\",\\"thumbnail\\":\\"\\"},\\"className\\":\\"ml-2\\"}\]\]}\],\\"\\"\]}\]\]}\],false,false\]}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"flex flex-col gap-1 font-graphik-compact text-caption-small lg:flex-row lg:items-center text-grey-1 mt-3\\",\\"children\\":\[false,false,\[\\"$\\",\\"span\\",null,{\\"children\\":\[\\"\\",\\" \\",\[\\"$\\",\\"$L60\\",null,{\\"time\\":\\"2017-09-13T16:00:47.000Z\\"}\]\]}\]\]}\]\]}\]\\n"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"59:\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"ref\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"className\\":\\"container mx-auto max-w-\[90rem\] px-6 lg:px-20\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"grid gap-x-4 grid-cols-4 lg:grid-cols-12\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"ref\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"className\\":\\"col-span-full\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"data-testid\\":\\"marfeel-article-header-newsletter-wrapper\\",\\"className\\":\\"has-\[section\]:border-t has-\[section\]:border-solid has-\[section\]:border-warm-grey-2\\",\\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\\":{\\"\_\_html\\":\\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\\\\"time-article-header-newsletter-slot\\\\\\" data-testid=\\\\\\"time-article-header-newsletter-slot\\\\\\" data-marfeel-slot=\\\\\\"newsletter-article-header\\\\\\" data-section=\\\\\\"History\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\"w-full empty:hidden\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\"}}\]}\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"grid gap-x-4 grid-cols-4 lg:grid-cols-12\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"ref\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"className\\":\\"relative col-span-full lg:col-span-8 lg:col-start-2 lg:w-\[632px\]\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"article\\",null,{\\"id\\":\\"article-body\\",\\"className\\":\\"pb-8 lg:pb-0 lg:pt-10 pt-8\\",\\"children\\":\[null,false,\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",\\"block-group-ArticleBlocksHtml-0\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"inner-block-ArticleBlocksHtml-0\\",{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L62\\",null,{\\"block\\":{\\"html\\":{\\"html\\":{\\"json\\":{\\"uid\\":\\"57906af0c272452385f3a69ee1123aa1\\",\\"type\\":\\"doc\\",\\"children\\":\[{\\"uid\\":\\"59f01b6ab5d442008e53abdf89c49767\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"This post is in partnership with\\",\\"italic\\":true},{\\"uid\\":\\"99307131dc8d4bc8ba0b44559e313df8\\",\\"type\\":\\"a\\",\\"attrs\\":{\\"url\\":\\"http://historytoday.com\\",\\"target\\":\\"\_blank\\"},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\" History Today\\",\\"italic\\":true}\]},{\\"text\\":\\". The article below was originally published at \\",\\"italic\\":true},{\\"uid\\":\\"bbee5a86d4d14485a125436e03f24be1\\",\\"type\\":\\"a\\",\\"attrs\\":{\\"url\\":\\"http://www.historytoday.com/benjamin-c-fortna/%E2%80%98-turkish-lawrence-arabia%E2%80%99\\",\\"target\\":\\"\_blank\\"},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"History Today.\\",\\"italic\\":true}\]}\]},{\\"uid\\":\\"712762b5bbe94d189321585478bb578c\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"In the twilight of the Ottoman Empire, 100 years ago, a restless Turkish prisoner of war languished in Malta, then a British possession. With copious leisure time forced upon him, Eşref Bey began to write his adventures as an officer in the Ottoman army. His biography has not survived, yet, from the archival material that has, we can imagine what it might have included: a string of increasingly momentous assignments for the Committee of Union and Progress (Ottoman patriots opposed to the policies of the sultan) and for Enver Pasha, hero of the 1908 “Young Turk” revolution and the pre-eminent military figure of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War.\\"}\]}\],\\"attrs\\":{},\\"\_version\\":1},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"HtmlHtml\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"Html\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"ArticleBlocksHtml\\"},\\"htmlData\\":\\"$59:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:children:0:props:children:2:0:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:block:html\\",\\"isStandardArticle\\":true,\\"disableAds\\":false,\\"enableDropCap\\":true,\\"className\\":\\"\\",\\"pageLevelTargetKeyVals\\":{\\"type\\":\\"article\\",\\"ctype\\":\\"standard-article\\",\\"contentType\\":\\"article\\",\\"cid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"aid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"primarysection\\":\\"history\\",\\"sections\\":\\"\\",\\"tags\\":\\"people\\",\\"vidonpage\\":\\"true\\",\\"pageHostname\\":\\"https://time.com\\",\\"adSlotCount\\":\\"8\\",\\"adSlotCountMobile\\":\\"7\\",\\"subType\\":\\"standard-article\\"},\\"marfeelSection\\":\\"History\\",\\"headingIds\\":\\"$Q63\\",\\"index\\":0,\\"nextBlockName\\":\\"\\"}\]}\]\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L64\\",null,{\\"section\\":\\"History\\"}\]\]}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",\\"block-group-gutenberg-custom-blocks/inline-recirc-1\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"inner-block-gutenberg-custom-blocks/inline-recirc-0\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"data-testid\\":\\"marfeel-inline-recirc-wrapper\\",\\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\\":{\\"\_\_html\\":\\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\\\\"time-inline-recommended-stories\\\\\\" data-testid=\\\\\\"time-inline-recommended-stories\\\\\\" data-marfeel-slot=\\\\\\"inline-recirc\\\\\\" data-mrf-recirculation=\\\\\\"inline-recirc-breaker\\\\\\" data-section=\\\\\\"History\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\"my-8 w-full empty:hidden\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\"}}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"data-testid\\":\\"marfeel-bytes-slot-wrapper\\",\\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\\":{\\"\_\_html\\":\\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\\\\"time-inline-bytes-player\\\\\\" data-testid=\\\\\\"time-inline-bytes-player\\\\\\" data-marfeel-slot=\\\\\\"inline-bytes-player\\\\\\" data-mrf-recirculation=\\\\\\"inline-bytes-player\\\\\\" data-section=\\\\\\"History\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\"my-8 w-full empty:hidden\\\\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\"}}\]\]}\]\],false\]}\],\\"$L65\\",\\"$L66\\",\\"$L67\\",\\"$L68\\",\\"$L69\\",\\"$L6a\\",\\"$L6b\\",\\"$L6c\\",\\"$L6d\\",\\"$L6e\\",\\"$L6f\\"\]\]}\],false\]}\],\\"$L70\\"\]}\],\\"$L71\\"\]}\]\\n"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"5d:\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$L4a\\",null,{}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L4b\\",null,{\\"section\\":\\"history\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L4c\\",null,{\\"pageLevelTargeting\\":{\\"type\\":\\"article\\",\\"ctype\\":\\"standard-article\\",\\"contentType\\":\\"article\\",\\"cid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"aid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"primarysection\\":\\"history\\",\\"sections\\":\\"\\",\\"tags\\":\[\\"people\\"\],\\"vidonpage\\":\\"true\\",\\"pageHostname\\":\\"https://time.com\\",\\"adSlotCount\\":\\"8\\",\\"adSlotCountMobile\\":\\"7\\",\\"subType\\":\\"standard-article\\"},\\"adSlots\\":\[{\\"id\\":\\"leaderboard-ad-1\\",\\"sizes\\":\[\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:0\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:4\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\[320,50\],\[300,50\],\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:4\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\\"$5d:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:1:0\\",\\"$5d:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:1:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:4\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\]\],\\"adUnitPath\\":\\"/21801468956/time/history/leaderboard1\\",\\"slotLevelTargeting\\":{}},{\\"id\\":\\"stickyfooter-ad-1\\",\\"display\\":\\"mobile\\",\\"sizes\\":\[\[\],\[\],\[\\"$5d:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:1:0\\",\\"$5d:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:1:1\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\]\],\\"adUnitPath\\":\\"/21801468956/time/history/stickyfooter1\\",\\"slotLevelTargeting\\":{}},{\\"id\\":\\"rightrail-ad-1\\",\\"display\\":\\"desktop\\",\\"sizes\\":\[\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:3\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:2:1\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\],\[\]\],\\"adUnitPath\\":\\"/21801468956/time/history/rightrail1\\",\\"slotLevelTargeting\\":{}},{\\"id\\":\\"rightrail-ad-2\\",\\"display\\":\\"desktop\\",\\"sizes\\":\[\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:3\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:2:1\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\],\[\]\],\\"adUnitPath\\":\\"/21801468956/time/history/rightrail2\\",\\"slotLevelTargeting\\":{}},{\\"id\\":\\"branded-content-inline-ad\\",\\"sizes\\":\[\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:2:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:4\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\]\],\\"refreshable\\":true,\\"adUnitPath\\":\\"/21801468956/time/history/branded-content-inline-ad\\",\\"slotLevelTargeting\\":{}},{\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-1\\",\\"sizes\\":\[\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:2:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:3\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:2:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:3\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:4\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\]\],\\"adUnitPath\\":\\"/21801468956/time/history/inline1\\",\\"slotLevelTargeting\\":{}},{\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-2\\",\\"sizes\\":\[\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:2:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:3\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:2:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:3\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:4\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\]\],\\"adUnitPath\\":\\"/21801468956/time/history/inline2\\",\\"slotLevelTargeting\\":{}},{\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-3\\",\\"sizes\\":\[\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:2:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:3\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:2:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:3\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:4\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\]\],\\"adUnitPath\\":\\"/21801468956/time/history/inline3\\",\\"slotLevelTargeting\\":{}},{\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-4\\",\\"sizes\\":\[\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:2:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:3\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\],\[\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:2\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:2:1\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:3\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:4\\",\\"fluid\\",\\"$45:2:props:adSlots:0:sizes:0:6\\"\]\],\\"adUnitPath\\":\\"/21801468956/time/history/inline4\\",\\"slotLevelTargeting\\":{}}\],\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"id\\":\\"gpt-keyvals\\",\\"className\\":\\"hidden size-0\\",\\"data-targeting\\":\\"{\\\\\\"type\\\\\\":\\\\\\"article\\\\\\",\\\\\\"ctype\\\\\\":\\\\\\"standard-article\\\\\\",\\\\\\"contentType\\\\\\":\\\\\\"article\\\\\\",\\\\\\"cid\\\\\\":\\\\\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\\\\\",\\\\\\"aid\\\\\\":\\\\\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\\\\\",\\\\\\"primarysection\\\\\\":\\\\\\"history\\\\\\",\\\\\\"sections\\\\\\":\\\\\\"\\\\\\",\\\\\\"tags\\\\\\":\\\\\\"people\\\\\\",\\\\\\"vidonpage\\\\\\":\\\\\\"true\\\\\\",\\\\\\"pageHostname\\\\\\":\\\\\\"https://time.com\\\\\\",\\\\\\"adSlotCount\\\\\\":\\\\\\"8\\\\\\",\\\\\\"adSlotCountMobile\\\\\\":\\\\\\"7\\\\\\",\\\\\\"subType\\\\\\":\\\\\\"standard-article\\\\\\"}\\"}\]}\]\]\\n"\])script>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"5f:\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$L75\\",null,{\\"page\\":{\\"publication\_dates\\":{\\"modified\\":null,\\"published\\":\\"2017-09-13T16:00:47.000Z\\",\\"show\_modified\_date\\":null,\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"PublicationDates\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"Article\\",\\"title\\":\\"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'\\",\\"url\\":\\"/4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia/\\",\\"overrides\\":{\\"short\_title\\":\\"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'\\",\\"description\\":\\"The dramatic life of the outlaw and special agent Eşref Bey epitomizes the end of the Ottoman Empire\\",\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"ArticleOverrides\\"},\\"post\_info\\":null,\\"ap\_article\\":false,\\"syndication\\":{\\"platforms\\":\[\\"ai-partnerships\\",\\"apple\_news\\",\\"facebook\_feed\\",\\"google\_news\\",\\"msn\_feed\\",\\"smartnews\_feed\\",\\"yahoo\_feed\\",\\"rss\_feed\\"\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"ArticleSyndication\\"},\\"blocks\\":\[{\\"html\\":{\\"html\\":{\\"json\\":{\\"uid\\":\\"57906af0c272452385f3a69ee1123aa1\\",\\"type\\":\\"doc\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$59:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:children:0:props:children:2:0:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:block:html:html:json:children:0\\",\\"$59:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:children:0:props:children:2:0:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:block:html:html:json:children:1\\",{\\"uid\\":\\"a30c282600be4c76bac51d03407f2fb4\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"Eşref’s story is not well known outside Turkey, where it has attained legendary status. He was born in the imperial capital, Istanbul, in 1873, where his father had risen to the post of chief falconer. He attended some of the empire’s top military schools. Yet Eşref was not Turkish. He was from Circassia, a region in the north Caucasus along the east shore of the Black Sea, and he had a propensity for conflict. His career was destined to veer between insider and outsider.\\"}\]},{\\"uid\\":\\"f5bdd91ce2a741c682a9b5cc203d669b\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"During the First World War, Enver Pasha became the effective commander-in-chief of the Ottoman Empire (a title technically held by the sultan) and attempted to keep the empire intact in the face of increasingly long odds. Eşref was one of the “self-sacrificing officers” who coalesced around Pasha, taking a role in his Special Organization, \\"},{\\"text\\":\\"Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa\\",\\"italic\\":true},{\\"text\\":\\", which handled sensitive issues such as intelligence gathering and covert operations. By the end of the war, Eşref had become a notorious figure. Yet his rise to prominence was far from straightforward. His career took him across the length and breadth of the sprawling Ottoman Empire and beyond during its final decades, frequently crossing the line between loyal imperial servant and outlaw.\\"}\]},{\\"uid\\":\\"8ce59860c5214b1893814fb5d8140252\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"As a young student, his propensity for violence saw him expelled from an academy in Istanbul. He was sent to another in the city of Edirne (Adrianople), in what proved to be the first of many stints in exile. His misdemeanors saw him transferred from prison to prison, but eventually he escaped and lived among the tribes of the Najd desert, in central Arabia, where he mastered Arabic as well as the manners and customs of the Bedouin. Such knowledge would be called upon during the First World War.\\"}\]},{\\"uid\\":\\"4b961b61e9364c2fa7ab6e80c16f2513\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"Eşref set out to make a nuisance of himself in the eyes of the Ottoman authorities. Exploits such as kidnapping the son of the commander of the Ottoman military barracks at Medina and ambushing the imperial pilgrimage caravan on its way to Mecca were aimed at impressing the central authorities, persuading them that they would be better off rehabilitating such an industrious and resourceful personality.\\"}\]},{\\"uid\\":\\"852f22e6848f49afb65d1e8f9a01de92\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"Sultan Abdülhamid II’s policy of forbearance ensured that Eşref was pardoned and restored to the imperial fold. He and his brother were given sinecures on one of the sultan’s estates near İzmir (Smyrna), but they soon grew restless. Turning to brigandage in the mountainous territory of western Anatolia, they engaged in further banditry before being recruited again into the state’s expanding security apparatus. Appointed as a gendarmerie officer, Eşref was now in charge of combating the same group of outlaws to which he had once belonged.\\"}\]},{\\"uid\\":\\"1888f736ffd64077b511ad687153da92\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"When Italy invaded Tripolitania (Libya) in 1911, Eşref received the first of a steady stream of combat assignments, which lasted until his capture by the Arab Revolt and transfer to British custody in 1917\. After secreting a group of Ottoman and Arab VIPs across Egypt and into Libya, Eşref went to work with Libyan tribes as part of the Ottoman-Sanusi resistance to the Italian invasion. When the Balkan Wars broke out the following year, Eşref again saw action, playing a leading role in the postwar, “off-the-books” Ottoman operation to create a mini-state in western Thrace out of land that formerly belonged to Bulgaria. The short-lived government Eşref helped to form was intended to protect the region’s Muslim population, who had been abused during the fighting. When, at the war’s end, it was negotiated away by the Ottoman government, Eşref and his comrades were incensed: he had served as commander of the “National” paramilitary forces and had even designed the flag of the ill-fated entity.\\"}\]},{\\"uid\\":\\"8279e04306654e07bcc5aad329f6deb0\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"Eşref’s most daring assignment came when Enver Pasha ordered him to deliver a shipment of gold and arms to the Ottoman army in Yemen, the province of the empire in the south of the Arabian peninsula that had been cut off due to the British-backed “Arab Revolt” in the west. Navigating a difficult route, Eşref led his contingent overland through Arabia. They were ultimately discovered and attacked by a much larger force. Eşref was captured and paraded around the Hijaz region in the west of Arabia before being handed over to British military officials, who took him to Cairo for interrogation. It was then that he was transferred to Malta, where he was forced to sit out the rest of the conflict.\\"}\]},{\\"uid\\":\\"4b44a36cad59430fae952f747e160a2e\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"Shortly after his release from Malta, he was made a regional commander in the growing “National” movement by Mustafa Kemal, the future Atatürk, who would establish the modern Turkish republic. This movement in the interior of Anatolia was a rival to the Ottoman government in Istanbul, now under Allied occupation. Having failed to quell an insurrection in western Anatolia, Eşref had fallen out of favor with the nationalist hierarchy being established at Ankara.\\"}\]},{\\"uid\\":\\"55ca8a7b84864df5976becc0ce313bdb\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"He finally broke with Ankara in 1920, following his fellow Circassian, “Çerkes” Edhem, across the front line and into the zone of Greek occupation in western Anatolia. As a result he has subsequently been referred to as a “traitor to the nation” in works of mainstream Kemalist historiography. Forced to live in exile from the newly founded republic and separated from his family for more than 30 years, he was finally allowed to return to Turkey as an old man.\\"}\]},{\\"uid\\":\\"424283e64fab4c8f871abcc68fdc0837\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"$76\\"}\]},{\\"uid\\":\\"29d7c2291ed1426a952c95856960447e\\",\\"type\\":\\"p\\",\\"attrs\\":{},\\"children\\":\[{\\"text\\":\\"Benjamin C. Fortna \\",\\"bold\\":true},{\\"text\\":\\"is the author of \\"},{\\"text\\":\\"The Circassian: A Life of Eşref Bey, Late Ottoman Insurgent and Special Agent \\",\\"italic\\":true},{\\"text\\":\\"(Hurst, 2017).\\"}\]}\],\\"attrs\\":\\"$59:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:children:0:props:children:2:0:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:block:html:html:json:attrs\\",\\"\_version\\":1},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"HtmlHtml\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"Html\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"ArticleBlocksHtml\\"}\],\\"display\_options\\":{\\"template\\":\\"standard\\",\\"branding\\":null,\\"scaleai\_overlay\\":true,\\"dropcap\\":true,\\"surrounding\_stories\\":false,\\"show\_affiliated\_links\_banner\\":false,\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"ArticleDisplayOptions\\"},\\"advertising\\":{\\"disable\_ads\\":false,\\"disable\_taboola\\":false,\\"sponsor\_tagConnection\\":{\\"edges\\":\[\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"ArticleAdvertisingSponsorTagConnection\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"ArticleAdvertising\\"},\\"credits\\":{\\"authors\\":\[{\\"authorConnection\\":{\\"edges\\":\[{\\"node\\":{\\"title\\":\\"History Today\\",\\"url\\":\\"/author/history-today/\\",\\"first\_name\\":\\"History\\",\\"last\_name\\":\\"Today\\",\\"author\_title\\":null,\\"email\\":null,\\"show\_short\_bio\\":false,\\"short\_bio\\":\\"Read more at HistoryToday.com\\",\\"taxonomies\\":\[{\\"taxonomy\_uid\\":\\"author\_type\\",\\"term\_uid\\":\\"contributor\\",\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"Taxonomy\\"}\],\\"social\_links\\":{\\"twitter\\":\\"HistoryToday\\",\\"facebook\\":null,\\"instagram\\":null,\\"linkedin\\":null,\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SocialLinks\\"},\\"system\\":{\\"uid\\":\\"blt88fa505b0ee52aff\\",\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"EntrySystemField\\"},\\"featured\_imageConnection\\":{\\"edges\\":\[\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SysAssetConnection\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"Author\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"AuthorBylineAuthorEdge\\"}\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"AuthorBylineAuthorConnection\\"},\\"alternate\_byline\\":\\"Benjamin C. Fortna / History Today\\",\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"AuthorByline\\"}\],\\"photographers\\":null,\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"ArticleCredits\\"},\\"system\\":{\\"publish\_details\\":{\\"time\\":\\"2026-02-23T17:24:24.187Z\\",\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SystemPublishDetails\\"},\\"updated\_at\\":\\"2026-02-23T17:24:23.430Z\\",\\"uid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"content\_type\_uid\\":\\"article\\",\\"locale\\":\\"en-us\\",\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"EntrySystemField\\"},\\"featured\_media\\":{\\"imageConnection\\":{\\"edges\\":\[{\\"node\\":{\\"url\\":\\"https://gcp-na-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb9c0de88cd9b4eb5/6988dd980a4a2271979cfdf6/constantinople.jpeg?branch=production\\",\\"description\\":\\"Ottoman Empire: Constantinople\\",\\"metadata\\":null,\\"title\\":\\"Ottoman Empire: Constantinople\\",\\"dimension\\":{\\"height\\":872,\\"width\\":1200,\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SysAssetDimension\\"},\\"system\\":{\\"extensionConnection\\":{\\"edges\\":\[{\\"node\\":{\\"metadata\\":\[{\\"uid\\":\\"cs738e4dbcd2d4ae76\\",\\"scope\\":\\"local\\",\\"\_version\\":1,\\"wp\_id\\":\\"4939523\\",\\"caption\\":\\"Constantinople c. 1914\\",\\"credit\\":\\"ullstein bild / Getty Images\\",\\"copyright\\":\\"ullstein bild via Getty Images\\"}\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SysMetadata\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SysExtensionEdge\\"}\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SysExtensionConnection\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SysAssetSystemField\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SysAsset\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SysAssetEdge\\"}\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SysAssetConnection\\"},\\"image\_caption\\":\\"Constantinople c. 1914\\",\\"image\_credit\\":\\"ullstein bild / Getty Images\\",\\"media\_id\\":null,\\"video\\":\[\],\\"show\_video\\":false,\\"video\_credit\\":null,\\"media\_orientation\\":\\"horizontal\\",\\"media\_type\\":\\"medium\\",\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"FeaturedMedia\\"},\\"enhanced\_featured\_media\\":null,\\"seo\\":{\\"meta\_title\\":\\"Turkish History and the Outlaw Who Became a Hero\\",\\"meta\_description\\":\\"The dramatic life of the outlaw and special agent Eşref Bey epitomizes the end of the Ottoman Empire.\\",\\"og\_title\\":null,\\"og\_description\\":\\"The dramatic life of the outlaw and special agent Eşref Bey epitomizes the end of the Ottoman Empire\\",\\"twitter\_card\\":\\"summary\_large\_image\\",\\"og\_imageConnection\\":{\\"edges\\":\[\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"SysAssetConnection\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"Seo\\"},\\"taxonomy\\":{\\"primary\_sectionConnection\\":{\\"edges\\":\[{\\"node\\":{\\"title\\":\\"History\\",\\"url\\":\\"/section/history/\\",\\"system\\":{\\"uid\\":\\"bltfcb0d79d878bb4cc\\",\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"EntrySystemField\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"Section\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"TimeTaxonomyPrimarySectionEdge\\"}\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"TimeTaxonomyPrimarySectionConnection\\"},\\"sectionsConnection\\":{\\"edges\\":\[\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"TimeTaxonomySectionsConnection\\"},\\"primary\_topicConnection\\":{\\"edges\\":\[{\\"node\\":{\\"title\\":\\"People\\",\\"url\\":\\"/tag/people/\\",\\"system\\":{\\"uid\\":\\"bltee65b429d52d2a04\\",\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"EntrySystemField\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"Topic\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"TimeTaxonomyPrimaryTopicEdge\\"}\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"TimeTaxonomyPrimaryTopicConnection\\"},\\"topicsConnection\\":{\\"edges\\":\[\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"TimeTaxonomyTopicsConnection\\"},\\"peopleConnection\\":{\\"edges\\":\[\],\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"TimeTaxonomyPeopleConnection\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"TimeTaxonomy\\"}},\\"pageType\\":\\"article\\"}\],\\"$L77\\"\]\\n"\])cript>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n7c:I\[430384,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n7d:I\[894529,\[\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ol0ynq1t-a1b.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0i.l9589uvx0j.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0job8\~ydqd.1o.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0akfj54\~krjr7.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/16e0.u2t-e7ay.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.e.4sn-mzqhp.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0dg.p\_ide\_0g3.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/05bl5\_ft\~vz05.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0n2iqs3wbehy8.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ad9c0l0uae7m.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0.bj9w331084z.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/162cqu1irq.m5.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0\~xo43f4fmh8p.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0cp80h\_oh9dsj.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/03xro4xnsnkn9.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0qldcxa5hob9c.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/00\~65kspzszdl.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0payq8uznt\~zd.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/0ndce\~n3d7h3e.js\\",\\"/replatform/\_next/static/chunks/08vvn57vvmwb4.js\\"\],\\"default\\"\]\\n65:\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",\\"block-group-ArticleBlocksHtml-2\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"inner-block-ArticleBlocksHtml-0\\",{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L62\\",null,{\\"block\\":{\\"html\\":{\\"html\\":{\\"json\\":{\\"uid\\":\\"57906af0c272452385f3a69ee1123aa1\\",\\"type\\":\\"doc\\",\\"children\\":\[\\"$5f:0:props:page:blocks:0:html:html:json:children:2\\",\\"$5f:0:props:page:blocks:0:html:html:json:children:3\\"\],\\"attrs\\":\\"$59:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:children:0:props:children:2:0:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:block:html:html:json:attrs\\",\\"\_version\\":1},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"HtmlHtml\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"Html\\"},\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"ArticleBlocksHtml\\"},\\"htmlData\\":\\"$65:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:block:html\\",\\"isStandardArticle\\":true,\\"disableAds\\":false,\\"enableDropCap\\":true,\\"className\\":\\"\\",\\"pageLevelTargetKeyVals\\":{\\"type\\":\\"article\\",\\"ctype\\":\\"standard-article\\",\\"contentType\\":\\"article\\",\\"cid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"aid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"primarysection\\":\\"history\\",\\"sections\\":\\"\\",\\"tags\\":\\"people\\",\\"vidonpage\\":\\"true\\",\\"pageHostname\\":\\"https://time.com\\",\\"adSlotCount\\":\\"8\\",\\"adSlotCountMobile\\":\\"7\\",\\"subType\\":\\"standard-article\\"},\\"marfeelSection\\":\\"History\\",\\"headingIds\\":\\"$59:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:children:0:props:children:2:0:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:headingIds\\",\\"index\\":2,\\"nextBlockName\\":\\"\\"}\]}\]\],false\]}\]\\n66:\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",\\"block-group-custom/galactic-widget-3\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"inner-block-custom/galactic-widget-0\\",{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"$L78\\",null,{\\"block\\":{\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"custom/galactic-widget\\",\\"id\\":\\"preview-mobile\\",\\"sizes\\":\[\]},\\"isStandardArticle\\":true,\\"disableAds\\":false,\\"enableDropCap\\":true,\\"className\\":\\"\\",\\"pageLevelTargetKeyVals\\":{\\"type\\":\\"article\\",\\"ctype\\":\\"standard-article\\",\\"contentType\\":\\"article\\",\\"cid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"aid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"primarysection\\":\\"history\\",\\"sections\\":\\"\\",\\"tags\\":\\"people\\",\\"vidonpage\\":\\"true\\",\\"pageHostname\\":\\"https://time.com\\",\\"adSlotCount\\":\\"8\\",\\"adSlotCountMobile\\":\\"7\\",\\"subType\\":\\"standar"\])cript>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"68:\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",\\"block-group-custom/ad-5\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"inner-block-custom/ad-0\\",{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"ref\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"data-ad-wrapper\\":true,\\"className\\":\\"py-4\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"p\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"mb-2 text-center font-graphik-compact text-caption-small italic text-grey-1\\",\\"children\\":\\"Advertisement\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L48\\",null,{\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"custom/ad\\",\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-1\\",\\"native\\":false,\\"sizes\\":\[\],\\"attributes\\":\[{\\"name\\":\\"id\\",\\"value\\":\\"inline-ad-1\\"},{\\"name\\":\\"native\\",\\"value\\":\\"false\\"}\],\\"block\\":{\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"custom/ad\\",\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-1\\",\\"native\\":false,\\"sizes\\":\\"$68:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:children:1:props:sizes\\",\\"attributes\\":\\"$68:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:children:1:props:attributes\\"},\\"isStandardArticle\\":true,\\"disableAds\\":false,\\"enableDropCap\\":true,\\"className\\":\\"\\",\\"pageLevelTargetKeyVals\\":{\\"type\\":\\"article\\",\\"ctype\\":\\"standard-article\\",\\"contentType\\":\\"article\\",\\"cid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"aid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"primarysection\\":\\"history\\",\\"sections\\":\\"\\",\\"tags\\":\\"people\\",\\"vidonpage\\":\\"true\\",\\"pageHostname\\":\\"https://time.com\\",\\"adSlotCount\\":\\"8\\",\\"adSlotCountMobile\\":\\"7\\",\\"subType\\":\\"standard-article\\"},\\"marfeelSection\\":\\"History\\",\\"headingIds\\":\\"$59:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:children:0:props:children:2:0:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:headingIds\\",\\"index\\":5,\\"nextBlockName\\":\\"\\",\\"adSlotType\\":\\"inline\\"}\]\]}\]}\]\],false\]}\]\\n"\])cript>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"6a:\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",\\"block-group-custom/ad-7\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"inner-block-custom/ad-0\\",{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"ref\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"data-ad-wrapper\\":true,\\"className\\":\\"py-4\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"p\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"mb-2 text-center font-graphik-compact text-caption-small italic text-grey-1\\",\\"children\\":\\"Advertisement\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L48\\",null,{\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"custom/ad\\",\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-2\\",\\"native\\":false,\\"sizes\\":\[\],\\"attributes\\":\[{\\"name\\":\\"id\\",\\"value\\":\\"inline-ad-2\\"},{\\"name\\":\\"native\\",\\"value\\":\\"false\\"}\],\\"block\\":{\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"custom/ad\\",\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-2\\",\\"native\\":false,\\"sizes\\":\\"$6a:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:children:1:props:sizes\\",\\"attributes\\":\\"$6a:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:children:1:props:attributes\\"},\\"isStandardArticle\\":true,\\"disableAds\\":false,\\"enableDropCap\\":true,\\"className\\":\\"\\",\\"pageLevelTargetKeyVals\\":{\\"type\\":\\"article\\",\\"ctype\\":\\"standard-article\\",\\"contentType\\":\\"article\\",\\"cid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"aid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"primarysection\\":\\"history\\",\\"sections\\":\\"\\",\\"tags\\":\\"people\\",\\"vidonpage\\":\\"true\\",\\"pageHostname\\":\\"https://time.com\\",\\"adSlotCount\\":\\"8\\",\\"adSlotCountMobile\\":\\"7\\",\\"subType\\":\\"standard-article\\"},\\"marfeelSection\\":\\"History\\",\\"headingIds\\":\\"$59:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:children:0:props:children:2:0:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:headingIds\\",\\"index\\":7,\\"nextBlockName\\":\\"\\",\\"adSlotType\\":\\"inline\\"}\]\]}\]}\]\],false\]}\]\\n"\])cript>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"6c:\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",\\"block-group-custom/ad-9\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"inner-block-custom/ad-0\\",{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"ref\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"data-ad-wrapper\\":true,\\"className\\":\\"py-4\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"p\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"mb-2 text-center font-graphik-compact text-caption-small italic text-grey-1\\",\\"children\\":\\"Advertisement\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L48\\",null,{\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"custom/ad\\",\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-3\\",\\"native\\":false,\\"sizes\\":\[\],\\"attributes\\":\[{\\"name\\":\\"id\\",\\"value\\":\\"inline-ad-3\\"},{\\"name\\":\\"native\\",\\"value\\":\\"false\\"}\],\\"block\\":{\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"custom/ad\\",\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-3\\",\\"native\\":false,\\"sizes\\":\\"$6c:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:children:1:props:sizes\\",\\"attributes\\":\\"$6c:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:children:1:props:attributes\\"},\\"isStandardArticle\\":true,\\"disableAds\\":false,\\"enableDropCap\\":true,\\"className\\":\\"\\",\\"pageLevelTargetKeyVals\\":{\\"type\\":\\"article\\",\\"ctype\\":\\"standard-article\\",\\"contentType\\":\\"article\\",\\"cid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"aid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"primarysection\\":\\"history\\",\\"sections\\":\\"\\",\\"tags\\":\\"people\\",\\"vidonpage\\":\\"true\\",\\"pageHostname\\":\\"https://time.com\\",\\"adSlotCount\\":\\"8\\",\\"adSlotCountMobile\\":\\"7\\",\\"subType\\":\\"standard-article\\"},\\"marfeelSection\\":\\"History\\",\\"headingIds\\":\\"$59:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:children:0:props:children:2:0:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:headingIds\\",\\"index\\":9,\\"nextBlockName\\":\\"\\",\\"adSlotType\\":\\"inline\\"}\]\]}\]}\]\],false\]}\]\\n"\])cript>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"6e:\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",\\"block-group-custom/ad-11\\",{\\"children\\":\[\[\[\\"$\\",\\"$1\\",\\"inner-block-custom/ad-0\\",{\\"children\\":\[\\"$\\",\\"div\\",null,{\\"ref\\":\\"$undefined\\",\\"data-ad-wrapper\\":true,\\"className\\":\\"py-4\\",\\"children\\":\[\[\\"$\\",\\"p\\",null,{\\"className\\":\\"mb-2 text-center font-graphik-compact text-caption-small italic text-grey-1\\",\\"children\\":\\"Advertisement\\"}\],\[\\"$\\",\\"$L48\\",null,{\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"custom/ad\\",\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-4\\",\\"native\\":false,\\"sizes\\":\[\],\\"attributes\\":\[{\\"name\\":\\"id\\",\\"value\\":\\"inline-ad-4\\"},{\\"name\\":\\"native\\",\\"value\\":\\"false\\"}\],\\"block\\":{\\"\_\_typename\\":\\"custom/ad\\",\\"id\\":\\"inline-ad-4\\",\\"native\\":false,\\"sizes\\":\\"$6e:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:children:1:props:sizes\\",\\"attributes\\":\\"$6e:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:children:1:props:attributes\\"},\\"isStandardArticle\\":true,\\"disableAds\\":false,\\"enableDropCap\\":true,\\"className\\":\\"\\",\\"pageLevelTargetKeyVals\\":{\\"type\\":\\"article\\",\\"ctype\\":\\"standard-article\\",\\"contentType\\":\\"article\\",\\"cid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"aid\\":\\"blt0fab7dafbd9197bd\\",\\"primarysection\\":\\"history\\",\\"sections\\":\\"\\",\\"tags\\":\\"people\\",\\"vidonpage\\":\\"true\\",\\"pageHostname\\":\\"https://time.com\\",\\"adSlotCount\\":\\"8\\",\\"adSlotCountMobile\\":\\"7\\",\\"subType\\":\\"standard-article\\"},\\"marfeelSection\\":\\"History\\",\\"headingIds\\":\\"$59:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:children:0:props:children:2:0:props:children:0:0:props:children:props:headingIds\\",\\"index\\":11,\\"nextBlockName\\":\\"\\",\\"adSlotType\\":\\"inline\\"}\]\]}\]}\]\],false\]}\]\\n"\])cript>self.\_\_next\_f.push(\[1,"\[{\\"@context\\":\\"https://schema.org\\",\\"@type\\":\\"NewsArticle\\",\\"@id\\":\\"https://time.com/4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia/\\",\\"mainEntityOfPage\\":{\\"@type\\":\\"WebPage\\",\\"@id\\":\\"https://time.com/4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia/\\"},\\"headline\\":\\"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'\\",\\"datePublished\\":\\"2017-09-13T16:00:47.000Z\\",\\"dateModified\\":\\"2026-02-23T17:24:23.430Z\\",\\"description\\":\\"The dramatic life of the outlaw and special agent Eşref Bey epitomizes the end of the Ottoman Empire\\",\\"url\\":\\"https://time.com/4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia/\\",\\"keywords\\":\[\\"People\\"\],\\"thumbnailUrl\\":\\"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb9c0de88cd9b4eb5/6988dd980a4a2271979cfdf6/constantinople.jpeg?branch=production\\u0026width=1200\\u0026quality=75\\u0026auto=webp\\u0026crop=1200:675\\u0026height=675\\",\\"author\\":\[{\\"@type\\":\\"Person\\",\\"name\\":\\"Benjamin C. Fortna / History Today\\"}\],\\"articleSection\\":\\"History\\",\\"image\\":\[{\\"@type\\":\\"ImageObject\\",\\"url\\":\\"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb9c0de88cd9b4eb5/6988dd980a4a2271979cfdf6/constantinople.jpeg?branch=production\\u0026width=1200\\u0026quality=75\\u0026auto=webp\\u0026crop=1200:675\\u0026height=675\\",\\"width\\":1200,\\"height\\":675,\\"headline\\":\\"Ottoman Empire: Constantinople\\",\\"caption\\":\\"Ottoman Empire: Constantinople\\",\\"creditText\\":\\"ullstein bild / Getty Images\\",\\"representativeOfPage\\":true}\],\\"publisher\\":{\\"@type\\":\\"Organization\\",\\"name\\":\\"Time\\",\\"url\\":\\"https://time.com/\\",\\"logo\\":{\\"@type\\":\\"ImageObject\\",\\"url\\":\\"https://time.com/images/logo.png\\",\\"width\\":528,\\"height\\":156},\\"foundingDate\\":\\"March 3, 1923\\",\\"sameAs\\":\[\\"https://www.facebook.com/time\\",\\"https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en\\",\\"https://twitter.com/time\\",\\"https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine\\"\]}},{\\"@context\\":\\"https://schema.org\\",\\"@type\\":\\"BreadcrumbList\\",\\"itemListElement\\":\[{\\"@type\\":\\"ListItem\\",\\"position\\":1,\\"item\\":{\\"@id\\":\\"/section/history/\\",\\"name\\":\\"History\\"}},{\\"@type\\":\\"ListItem\\",\\"position\\":2,\\"item\\":{\\"@id\\":\\"/tag/people/\\",\\"name\\":\\"People\\"}},{\\"@type\\":\\"ListItem\\",\\"position\\":3,\\"item\\":{\\"@id\\":\\"https://time.com/4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia/\\",\\"name\\":\\"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'\\"}}\]}\]"\])body> ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia/"},"headline":"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'","datePublished":"2017-09-13T16:00:47.000Z","dateModified":"2026-02-23T17:24:23.430Z","description":"The dramatic life of the outlaw and special agent Eşref Bey epitomizes the end of the Ottoman Empire","url":"https://time.com/4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia/","keywords":["People"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb9c0de88cd9b4eb5/6988dd980a4a2271979cfdf6/constantinople.jpeg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Benjamin C. Fortna / History Today"}],"articleSection":"History","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb9c0de88cd9b4eb5/6988dd980a4a2271979cfdf6/constantinople.jpeg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"Ottoman Empire: Constantinople","caption":"Ottoman Empire: Constantinople","creditText":"ullstein bild / Getty Images","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/history/","name":"History"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/people/","name":"People"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/4939418/turkish-lawrence-of-arabia/","name":"How an Outlaw Became the 'Turkish Lawrence of Arabia'"}}]}] ```