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title: Ella Fitzgerald at 100: Jazz Music That Defined a Century
description: For the centennial of the birth of the First Lady of Song, see artifacts featured in a Smithsonian exhibition about her life.
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![](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt327e9489b817cb4a/6988c1830a4a223bc69cd8fa/170405-ella-fitzgerald-01.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9)


# Celebrating Ella Fitzgerald's Life Through the Objects That Defined Her Career

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by [Lily Rothman](https://time.com/author/lily-rothman/) and [Liz Ronk](https://time.com/author/liz-ronk/)

Apr 25, 2017 1:00 PM UTC

![LP cover First Lady of Song, c. 1955: Contains a selection of Fitzgerald’s recordings for Decca Records from 1947-55.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt327e9489b817cb4a/6988c1830a4a223bc69cd8fa/170405-ella-fitzgerald-01.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3:2)

LP cover First Lady of Song, c. 1955: Contains a selection of Fitzgerald’s recordings for Decca Records from 1947-55.

LP cover First Lady of Song, c. 1955: Contains a selection of Fitzgerald’s recordings for Decca Records from 1947-55. Courtesy of Smithsonian National Museum of American History

by [Lily Rothman](https://time.com/author/lily-rothman/) and [Liz Ronk](https://time.com/author/liz-ronk/)

Apr 25, 2017 1:00 PM UTC

It was 100 years ago, on April 25, 1917, that legendary jazz singer [Ella Fitzgerald](http://time.com/3879596/ella-fitzgerald-and-friends-photos-of-jazz-greats/) was born. To mark the centennial anniversary of her birth, the National Museum of American History is telling her story with the artifacts of her life, a few of which can be seen above. From record covers to sheet music to advertisements, they trace her path to fame.

When she died in 1996, TIME’s Jay Cocks [noted](http://time.com/vault/issue/1996-06-24/page/139/) that she had “spread the treasure of her voice over thousands of songs and half a dozen generations.” That treasure, he explained, had defined the course of her young life:

---

> “”

---

And, in the years that followed, it also defined the sound of American life. Especially in the 1950s, after she began doing a series of “songbook” albums focusing on the works of individual composers and lyricists, she more than earned the title “First Lady of Song.”


The Smithsonian exhibition [_The First Lady of Song: Ella Fitzgerald at 100_ ](http://americanhistory.si.edu/exhibitions/ella-fitzgerald-100)will be [on view](http://americanhistory.si.edu/ella-fitzgerald-100) at the National Museum of American History through April 2, 2018.

![LP cover First Lady of Song, c. 1955: Contains a selection of Fitzgerald’s recordings for Decca Records from 1947-55.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt327e9489b817cb4a/6988c1830a4a223bc69cd8fa/170405-ella-fitzgerald-01.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

LP cover First Lady of Song, c. 1955: Contains a selection of Fitzgerald’s recordings for Decca Records from 1947-55. Courtesy of Smithsonian National Museum of American History

![Ella Fitzgerald sheet music.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltbaee4898e38f0f5b/6988c183bc6cfc61033e0c3f/170405-ella-fitzgerald-02.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Sheet Music A-Tisket, A-Tasket, c. 1938: Co-written by Fitzgerald, this was her first hit record. This sheet-music edition was intended for amateur and professional musicians. Courtesy of Smithsonian National Museum of American History

![Ella Fitzgerald Memorex ad, circa 1975-1976.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt4cf622c5fa5c9d39/6988c183656a3f3294bcf6cc/170405-ella-fitzgerald-03.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Magazine Advertisements circa 1975-76\. In demand as a celebrity, Fitzgerald promoted Memorex recording tape Courtesy of Smithsonian National Museum of American History


![: Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Songbook - LP…0584-0000025.tif LP cover Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Songbook, c. 1956: This became the first in Fitzgerald’s series of nine Songbook recordings.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb3291a56ad5cc4d5/6988c1800b72e30d736ed367/170405-ella-fitzgerald-04.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

LP Cover Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Songbook, c. 1956: This became the first in Fitzgerald’s series of nine Songbook recordings. Courtesy of Smithsonian National Museum of American History

![Ella Fitzgerald American Express ad, circa 1988.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltde4246245f388889/6988c17f4dd2152154efe696/170405-ella-fitzgerald-05.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Magazine Advertisements circa 1988\. In demand as a celebrity, Fitzgerald promoted the American Express card. Courtesy of Smithsonian National Museum of American History

![Ella Fitzgerald sheet music.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt8d961fcffc3a2577/6988c17fcd1bba7d6c704998/170405-ella-fitzgerald-06.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Sheet music I Found My Yellow Basket, c. 1939: An “answer song” to A-Tisket, A-Tasket, whose lyrics include the line “I lost my yellow basket.” Courtesy of Smithsonian National Museum of American History


![LP cover Ella and Louis, c. 1956: Ella and Louis was the first of several collaborative albums recorded by Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2fda95d06184b9b4/6988c1810b72e34e7b6ed36f/170405-ella-fitzgerald-07.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

LP cover Ella and Louis, c. 1956: Ella and Louis was the first of several collaborative albums recorded by Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong. Courtesy of Smithsonian National Museum of American History

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