Where National Breakups Are In the Cards

CATALONIA

The Spanish region’s separatist leader, Carles Puigdemont, recently promised a binding referendum before October. But the government in Madrid opposes a vote, calling it unconstitutional.

PUERTO RICO

The debt-stricken U.S. territory will hold a nonbinding referendum on June 11, its fifth such vote. Voters will choose between statehood (and the federal funds that come with it) and independence.

SCOTLAND

Scots narrowly rejected independence from the U.K. in 2014, but the government is mulling another ballot after a majority of Scots voted to remain in the E.U. in June’s Brexit vote.