--- title: How European Leaders Must Work With Donald Trump description: European leaders must start thinking about how they can work with Donald Trump and his administration for at least the next four years. canonical: https://time.com/4569850/donald-trump-european-leaders/ author: TIME article:opinion: true article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2016-11-14T16:04:50.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-07-09T08:19:46.161Z article:section: Ideas og:title: How European Leaders Can Work With Donald Trump og:description: The future of the West could depend on it og:url: https://time.com/4569850/donald-trump-european-leaders/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blte7ba5a471bfe8747/6988ae54a988ca7f036ba268/gettyimages-622272812.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 675 og:image:alt: Republican presidential elect Donald Trump meets with og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: How European Leaders Can Work With Donald Trump twitter:description: The future of the West could depend on it twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blte7ba5a471bfe8747/6988ae54a988ca7f036ba268/gettyimages-622272812.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # How European Leaders Can Work With Donald Trump by [Richard Maher, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies / The Conversation](https://time.com/author/richard-maher/) ## Richard Maher, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies / The Conversation Nov 14, 2016 4:04 PM UTC  President-elect Donald Trump listens as President Barack Obama talks to the media in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, Thursday, Nov. 10, 2016\. The Washington Post—The Washington Post/Getty Images President-elect Donald Trump listens as President Barack Obama talks to the media in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, Thursday, Nov. 10, 2016\. The Washington Post—The Washington Post/Getty ImagesThe Washington Post—The Washington Post/Getty Images by [Richard Maher, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies / The Conversation](https://time.com/author/richard-maher/) ## Richard Maher, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies / The Conversation Nov 14, 2016 4:04 PM UTC The election of Donald Trump has come as a powerful shock to leaders and citizens across Europe. Across the continent, many Europeans watched his rise first with dismay and then with [growing alarm](https://theconversation.com/european-leaders-would-see-a-donald-trump-victory-as-total-calamity-67619), but gave little prospect to him actually defeating former secretary of state Hillary Clinton. But with Trump now set to enter the Oval Office in January to become America’s 45th president, European leaders must start thinking about how they can work with him and his administration for at least the next four, and possibly the next eight, years. This will not be easy for leaders such as French President François Hollande, who said the president-elect “[makes you want to retch](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/03/francois-hollande-says-donald-trump-makes-you-want-to-retch)”, or Matteo Renzi, who made no secret of his [support for Trump’s rival](https://theconversation.com/european-leaders-would-see-a-donald-trump-victory-as-total-calamity-67619). Of course, how Europe responds depends on the policies Trump pursues once in office. Will he drop the bluster and bravado that marked his campaign, and moderate some of his campaign statements, such as calling the NATO alliance “[obsolete](https://www.ft.com/content/0f397616-f9b8-11e5-8e04-8600cef2ca75)”, suggesting he might formally recognise Russian sovereignty over [Crimea](http://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/07/trump-crimea/493280/), and calling the British vote in June to exit the European Union “a good thing”? Or will his credo of “[America First](http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/22/opinions/donald-trump-speech-amanpour/)” and his rejection of “[globalism](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/10/28/how-globalism-became-the-boogeyman-of-2016/)” lead to the steady erosion of America’s commitment to global order and stability? European leaders face a difficult, even agonising, decision. Trump is a man many openly scorn and revile. But a functional relationship with the United States – including a United States that is led by Trump – is a matter of necessity rather than choice for Europe. ## Standing up to Trump European leaders will make clear, as German Chancellor Angela Merkel did in her [letter congratulating the president-elect](https://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/Content/DE/Pressemitteilungen/BPA/2016/11/2016-11-09-trump.html), that future cooperation with the United States will be based on a shared commitment to liberal-democratic values. These include, as Merkel’s letter stated: --- > “” --- These remain the foundational principles on which the Atlantic Alliance is based, and the erosion of these values would only serve to embolden authoritarian strongmen such as Russian President Vladimir Putin or Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. European leaders should remind Trump, and the officials he appoints to senior positions, of US obligations to European security. There will be severe and possibly irreparable damage if the United States defaulted on its commitments. Every US president since Harry S Truman has interpreted the [NATO Treaty](http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official%5Ftexts%5F17120.htm)’s mutual defence clause as irrevocable, and establishing a clear legal and moral obligation on the United States to come to the aid of an ally under attack. With a newly aggressive and revanchist Russia, this commitment is more important today than at any point since the end of the Cold War. ## Paying a fair share Trump will [not be the first](http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/25/obama-tells-complacent-europe-to-hike-military-spending/) US president to complain that America’s NATO allies in Europe are not carrying their fair share of the security burden. Every US president since Eisenhower, in fact, has called on European countries to do more to provide for their own defence. Among NATO’s European allies, only [Greece, the United Kingdom, Estonia, and Poland](http://www.nato.int/nato%5Fstatic%5Ffl2014/assets/pdf/pdf%5F2016%5F07/20160704%5F160704-pr2016-116.pdf) currently meet the alliance’s target of spending at least 2% of GDP on defence. While they should refuse to submit to any potential White House attempts at blackmail, it is reasonable to expect Europeans to contribute more for their own security. European leaders may be able to mute some of Trump’s criticisms of allies free-riding on American largesse by committing to increase defence spending and deployments of equipment and personnel within the context of NATO operations and missions. ## Europe’s leverage Once Trump enters office he will probably come to realise and appreciate how much he needs the cooperation of other countries to achieve his foreign policy goals and objectives. Despite its own troubles – such as the ongoing euro calamity, the refugee crisis, and negotiating Britain’s exit from the EU – Europe remains the indispensable partner for the United States on global economic and security issues. In some areas, such as counter-terrorism, intelligence sharing, and maintaining the arms embargo against China, European cooperation remains crucial. This creates leverage for Europe, and the possibility of influencing US attitudes in these domains. European leaders should anticipate transatlantic relations under Trump to be more transactional than they have been under previous administrations. As Jeremy Shapiro of the European Council on Foreign Relations [has said](http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary%5Fwhat%5Feurope%5Fshould%5Fdo%5Fabout%5Fa%5Fproblem%5Flike%5Ftrump), appeals based on “the old formula of solidarity, common interests, and shared values” are not just likely to be ineffective, but are likely to be seen by Trump as “negotiating weakness”. Trump will seek the help of European partners when he perceives that doing so is in his interest, but unlike almost all of his predecessors since the end of World War II, he will not reflexively turn to the Atlantic Alliance to address the most important global challenges. ## Working around the commander-in-chief European leaders must keep in mind that while Trump will have tremendous influence over the future direction of US foreign policy, he will be just one person in a vast national security apparatus. Not everyone in his administration will share his views on NATO’s strategic irrelevance, his eagerness to accommodate Russia, or his enthusiasm over Britain’s exit from the EU. Top Republican officials [condemned his statement](http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/us/politics/national-security-gop-donald-trump.html) that he might not automatically come to the aid of a NATO ally under attack, for example, and by very wide margins the American public continues to see NATO as being [good for the United States](http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/6-nato-u-s-allies-the-eu-and-un/). Apart from a suspicion of trade agreements and a pledge to put America “first”, it does not appear that Trump holds many firm foreign policy convictions. Other members of his administration may be able to shape his thinking so that it aligns more closely with the long-standing, bipartisan foreign policy consensus in the United States, especially when it comes to NATO. ## Tough road ahead None of the above will be easy for European leaders, and there is no guarantee of success. Trump has given no indication that he understands or appreciates the value of the transatlantic alliance, of the benefits of a strong and united Europe, or the deep and long-standing partnerships the United States has established with individual European countries over many decades. European leaders must decide on which issues they can and must compromise with the Trump administration, such as raising military spending and contributing more to their own defence, and on which issues they must stand firm, such as their unequivocal commitment to liberal-democratic values and to the sanctity of the NATO alliance. The future of the West may depend on it. [Richard Maher](https://theconversation.com/profiles/richard-maher-310890), Research Fellow, [_Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies_](http://theconversation.com/institutions/robert-schuman-centre-for-advanced-studies-2689) This article was originally published on [The Conversation](http://theconversation.com). 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