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title: May Day History: Most Controversial Maypole in US History
description: It caused a major uproar in 17th-century Massachusetts
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author: Lily Rothman
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article:published_time: 2016-04-29T16:00:05.000Z
article:modified_time: 2026-02-22T16:58:42.253Z
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og:title: May Day History: Most Controversial Maypole in US History
og:description: It caused a major uproar in 17th-century Massachusetts
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og:image:alt: Puritans and Maypole
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![](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt1317ad01b27ba28f/69889063ab6d771a436a9657/maypole.jpeg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9)


# The Most Controversial Maypole in American History

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![Lily Rothman](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd8eb1311b7067f39/698a1248b21a9c0e12504068/Rothman-headshot.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Lily Rothman](https://time.com/author/lily-rothman/)


![Lily Rothman](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd8eb1311b7067f39/698a1248b21a9c0e12504068/Rothman-headshot.jpg?branch=production&width=96&quality=75&auto=webp)

## Lily Rothman


Rothman is managing editor at TIME.

Apr 29, 2016 4:00 PM UTC

![Merrymount Maypole](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt1317ad01b27ba28f/69889063ab6d771a436a9657/maypole.jpeg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3:2)

A 19th-century engraving of Cpt. Miles Standish and his men observing the 'immoral' behavior of the Maypole festivities of 1628

A 19th-century engraving of Cpt. Miles Standish and his men observing the 'immoral' behavior of the Maypole festivities of 1628 Ullstein bild / Getty Images

![Lily Rothman](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd8eb1311b7067f39/698a1248b21a9c0e12504068/Rothman-headshot.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Lily Rothman](https://time.com/author/lily-rothman/)


![Lily Rothman](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd8eb1311b7067f39/698a1248b21a9c0e12504068/Rothman-headshot.jpg?branch=production&width=96&quality=75&auto=webp)

## Lily Rothman


Rothman is managing editor at TIME.

Apr 29, 2016 4:00 PM UTC

In the modern United States, May Day traditions of dancing around a maypole are seen as the [height of innocence](http://time.com/vault/issue/1926-05-24/page/21/). If the first of May has any controversial implications, it’s for the date’s [association](http://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/) with labor movements, socialism and communism.

But things were very different in the 17th century, when May Day was seen as downright sinister. According [to the](http://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/maypole-infuriated-puritans/) New England Historical Society, it all started when a man named Thomas Morton arrived in the New England colony from England in 1624\. Unlike the puritans who had come to escape religious persecution, Morton was part of a trading expedition that set up shop in what’s now Quincy, Mass.

**MORE:** [The Bloody Story of How May Day Became a Holiday for Workers](http://time.com/3836834/may-day-labor-history/)

Here’s what happened next, as TIME told it in [a 1970 essay](http://time.com/vault/issue/1970-10-12/page/48/):

---

> “”

---


Though he may have been busted, Morton made his side of the story known, in a text called [_New English Canaan_](http://www.bartleby.com/400/prose/38.html) that contrasted the “harmless mirth made by young men” and the strict ordinances of the Puritans who “\[trouble\] their brains more than reason would require about things that are indifferent.”

[_Get your history fix in one place: sign up for the weekly TIME History newsletter_](http://time.com/newsletter)

The episode inspired the Nathaniel Hawthorne short story _The Maypole of Merrymount;_ a 1930s opera [written](http://time.com/vault/issue/1931-02-23/page/38/) by Richard Leroy Stokes and Howard Hanson, called _Merry Mount;_ and a 1960s Robert Lowell theater piece called _Endecott and the Red Cross_.

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