--- description: M.M. Kalburgi, who angered Hindu nationalists by denouncing idol worship, was shot dead in the southern state of Karnataka title: Indian Rationalist Scholar M.M. Kalburgi Shot Dead image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt122b218df1262122/698861a60a4a220a569c5de0/rtx1poe0.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  * [World](/section/world/) ## World Update your preferences in [Account Settings](/account/preferences/) Close # Indian Scholar Who Spoke Out Against Idol Worship Is Shot Dead by [Sania Farooqui / New Delhi](/author/sania-farooqui/) ## Sania Farooqui / New Delhi Update your preferences in [Account Settings](/account/preferences/) Close Aug 31, 2015 8:46 AM CUT  Devotees walk past an idol of the Hindu monkey god Hanuman on the banks of Godavari River in Nashik, India, on Aug. 26, 2015 Devotees walk past an idol of the Hindu monkey god Hanuman on the banks of Godavari River in Nashik, India, on Aug. 26, 2015Danish Siddiqui—Reuters by [Sania Farooqui / New Delhi](/author/sania-farooqui/) ## Sania Farooqui / New Delhi Update your preferences in [Account Settings](/account/preferences/) Close Aug 31, 2015 8:46 AM CUT An outspoken Indian rationalist scholar and college professor who had drawn the ire of religious groups for denouncing superstition and idol worship was shot dead by two unidentified assailants at his home in the southern state of Karnataka over the weekend. M.M. Kalburgi, who was 77 years old, was killed when he was visited by two young men at his residence in the small town of Dharward early on Sunday morning. One of the visitors waited on a motorcycle while the other went up to ring the doorbell, the _Indian Express_ [reports](http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ex-vc-m-m-kalaburgi-who-had-run-ins-with-hardliners-shot/ "undefined"), citing eyewitness accounts of the killing. When Kalburgi’s wife appeared at the door, the visitor asked for Kalburgi claiming to be one of his students. “Dr. Kalburgi’s wife left the youth in the hall of the house with her husband and went to the kitchen, when she heard shots fired,” police told the newspaper. The assailants then fled on the motorbike. While the motive remains unclear, Kalburgi had in the past received threats to his life after criticizing idol worship as a “meaningless ritual” during a seminar in 2014\. Angering right-wing Hindu groups, he also said that “one can even urinate on idols,” the _Telegraph_ [reports](http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150831/jsp/nation/story%5F39951.jsp#.VeP6zSQlZ5k "undefined"). “There was a threat to my father from groups that couldn’t digest his views on caste and communalism. The role of these groups should be probed,” Kalburgi’s daughter Roopadarshi [told](http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/karnataka-rationalist-and-scholar-mm-kalburgi-shot-dead/article1-1385694.aspx "undefined") the _Hindustan Times_ newspaper. > [](https://twitter.com/ndtv/status/638215443652702209) Kalburgi’s killing has led to comparisons with the 2013 murder of [Narendra Dabholkar](http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/narendra-dabholkar-murder-two-years-on-mystery-remains-115082000190%5F1.html "undefined"), a former doctor turned campaigner against superstition who was shot dead by unidentified motorcycle-borne assailants while out on a morning walk in Pune in the western state of Maharashtra. More recently, in February 2015, a veteran communist leader and rationalist called Govind Pansare was killed in similar circumstances in the same state. Reacting to Kalburgi’s killing, Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah, the state’s top elected official, acknowledged that there had been threats to the slain professor’s life. “It is true that there was threat to Professor Kalburgi’s life from some groups,” he told the _Hindustan Times_. “No effort will be spared to find the killers.” ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/4016747/mm-kalburgi-india-murder-rationalist-idol-worship-hindu-nationalism/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/4016747/mm-kalburgi-india-murder-rationalist-idol-worship-hindu-nationalism/"},"headline":"Indian Scholar Who Spoke Out Against Idol Worship Is Shot Dead","datePublished":"2015-08-31T08:46:26.000Z","dateModified":"2026-02-22T10:33:58.710Z","description":"Hindu nationalists were angered by his criticism of idol worship","url":"https://time.com/4016747/mm-kalburgi-india-murder-rationalist-idol-worship-hindu-nationalism/","keywords":["India","South Asia"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt122b218df1262122/698861a60a4a220a569c5de0/rtx1poe0.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Sania Farooqui / New Delhi"}],"articleSection":"World","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt122b218df1262122/698861a60a4a220a569c5de0/rtx1poe0.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"Devotees walk past an Hanuman idol on the banks of Godavari river during \"Kumbh Mela\" or the Pitcher Festival in Nashik","caption":"Devotees walk past an Hanuman idol on the banks of Godavari river during \"Kumbh Mela\" or the Pitcher Festival in Nashik","creditText":"Danish Siddiqui—Reuters","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/world/","name":"World"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/4016747/mm-kalburgi-india-murder-rationalist-idol-worship-hindu-nationalism/","name":"Indian Scholar Who Spoke Out Against Idol Worship Is Shot Dead"}}]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"VideoObject","name":"Know Right Now: Khap Panchayats, Village Authorities in India","description":"Khap Panchayats are unelected, all-male village councils that decide unofficial laws about daily life and marriage","thumbnailUrl":"https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/21NvR5UU/poster.jpg?width=720","uploadDate":"2015-08-28T15:50:27.000Z","contentUrl":"https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/21NvR5UU.m3u8","embedUrl":"https://time.com/4016747/mm-kalburgi-india-murder-rationalist-idol-worship-hindu-nationalism/","duration":"PT1M","potentialAction":{"@type":"SeekToAction","target":"https://time.com/4016747/mm-kalburgi-india-murder-rationalist-idol-worship-hindu-nationalism/?jw_start={seek_to_second_number}","startOffset-input":"required name=seek_to_second_number"}}] ```