--- title: Women in Male-Dominated Jobs Have More Stress description: Research looking at women working in male-dominated jobs found that the women had high levels of interpersonal stress and cortisol patterns canonical: https://time.com/4008343/women-male-jobs/ author: Alexandra Sifferlin article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2015-08-25T18:44:04.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-02-22T10:23:30.287Z article:section: Health og:title: Women in Male-Dominated Jobs Have More Stress og:description: Research looking at women working in male-dominated jobs found that the women had high levels of interpersonal stress and cortisol patterns og:url: https://time.com/4008343/women-male-jobs/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt92533345fc70a3b9/6988604e3c16397b4e4595d1/stress-health-illo.jpg?branch=production&width=500&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 500 og:image:height: 281 og:image:alt: TIME.com stock health stress og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: Women in Male-Dominated Jobs Have More Stress twitter:description: Research looking at women working in male-dominated jobs found that the women had high levels of interpersonal stress and cortisol patterns twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt92533345fc70a3b9/6988604e3c16397b4e4595d1/stress-health-illo.jpg?branch=production&width=500&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # Women in Male-Dominated Jobs Have More Stress > Sponsored content. 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Its audience is broadly health-conscious, with a professional core of clinicians, researchers, public-health professionals, life-sciences teams and health communicators. by [Alexandra Sifferlin](https://time.com/author/alexandra-sifferlin/) ## Alexandra Sifferlin Aug 25, 2015 6:44 PM UTC  Illustration by Sydney Rae Hass for TIME by [Alexandra Sifferlin](https://time.com/author/alexandra-sifferlin/) ## Alexandra Sifferlin Aug 25, 2015 6:44 PM UTC Women working in jobs dominated by men have high levels of interpersonal stress that could harm their health, shows a new study presented at the American Sociological Association’s annual meeting. Indiana University Bloomington researchers looked at daily stress hormone patterns from more than 440 women in a large U.S. survey who worked in jobs where at least 85% of the workforce were men. In academic terms, a woman is considered an “occupational token” when 15% of colleagues in her occupation are women. That definition included jobs like construction supervisors, engineers, painters and groundskeepers. **MORE**: [Here’s Why Work Email Puts You In A Nasty Mood](http://time.com/3985027/email-psychology-work-mood/) Prior evidence shows that women in male-dominated jobs often experience stressors like social isolation, sexual harassment and low levels of support in the workplace. The researchers thought that stressors like these could impact patterns of the stress hormone cortisol, which fluctuate throughout the day but take an irregular pattern in people exposed to high consistent levels of stress, the authors say. In the study, they found that the “token” women had less healthy cortisol profiles compared to women who worked in jobs with a more even gender split. **MORE**: [Why Failure Hits Girls So Hard](http://time.com/4008357/girls-failure-practice/) “Men in occupations with 85% or more men do not evidence the same dysregulated cortisol profiles that we see in women in the same occupations,” says study author Cate Taylor, an assistant professor of sociology and gender studies at Indiana University Bloomington. Cortisol is also particularly sensitive to social stressors and not as much to physical stressors, the authors say, which adds to the evidence that at least some of the irregularity in cortisol profiles is linked to negative workplace social climates that women face. ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/4008343/women-male-jobs/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/4008343/women-male-jobs/"},"headline":"Women in Male-Dominated Jobs Have More Stress","datePublished":"2015-08-25T18:44:04.000Z","dateModified":"2026-02-22T10:23:30.287Z","description":"\"Token\" women at work have less healthy cortisol patterns","url":"https://time.com/4008343/women-male-jobs/","keywords":["Mental Health/Psychology","women","Stress"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt92533345fc70a3b9/6988604e3c16397b4e4595d1/stress-health-illo.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Alexandra Sifferlin","jobTitle":null,"url":"https://time.com/author/alexandra-sifferlin/"}],"articleSection":"Health","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt92533345fc70a3b9/6988604e3c16397b4e4595d1/stress-health-illo.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"TIME.com stock health stress","caption":"TIME.com stock health stress","creditText":"Illustration by Sydney Rae Hass for TIME","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/health/","name":"Health"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/mental-healthpsychology/","name":"Mental Health/Psychology"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/4008343/women-male-jobs/","name":"Women in Male-Dominated Jobs Have More Stress"}}]}] ```