--- ---  # After Kristallnacht: An Infamous Press Conference 'Justifies' Terror, 1938 by [Ben Cosgrove](https://time.com/author/ben-cosgrove/) ## Ben Cosgrove Oct 13, 2013 9:00 AM UTC  Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler, Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess (at far right, before fireplace) and others at a press conference at the Führerbau in Munich, the day after Kristallnacht, 1938. Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler, Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess (at far right, before fireplace) and others at a press conference at the Führerbau in Munich, the day after Kristallnacht, 1938.Hugo Jaeger—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images by [Ben Cosgrove](https://time.com/author/ben-cosgrove/) ## Ben Cosgrove Oct 13, 2013 9:00 AM UTC The night of November 9-10, 1938, forever after known as _Kristallnacht_ (“Night of Broken Glass”), remains one of the most shocking eruptions of violence, outside of wartime, that modern Europe has ever seen. In the course of several hours, as German paramilitary thugs and non-Jewish citizens rampaged through cities in Germany and Austria, destroying Jewish-owned stores, torching centuries-old synagogues and killing scores of innocents, the world was given its most graphic glimpse yet of the depraved nature of Hitler’s Reich. State-sanctioned persecution of the Jews in Germany—already intense by the mid-1930s—was, with _Kristallnacht_, no longer merely legislative. The violence implicit in the 1935 Nuremberg Laws, for example, that had stripped Jews of German citizenship was now an explicit tool in a war against Jews, homosexuals, Slavs, pacifist Catholics and other “non-Aryans” and convenient scapegoats. With arson, vandalism and open murder the green-lit expressions of brutality in Hitler’s Germany, both World War II and the escalation of the Final Solution were inevitable. The very next day, in fact, on November 11, 1938, both Hitler and his propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels, appeared at a press conference for foreign correspondents in Munich—an event chronicled, in color, by Hitler’s personal photographer, Hugo Jaeger. There, displaying a cynicism extraordinary even for a high-ranking Nazi, Goebbels characterized the _Kristallnacht_ pogrom as an understandable, “spontaneous” eruption of Teutonic anger against Jews: --- > “” --- At least some of the non-German press were having none of it. _The Times_ of London, for instance, noted that “no foreign propagandist bent upon blackening Germany before the world could outdo the tale of burnings and beatings, of blackguardly assaults on defenseless and innocent people, which disgraced that country yesterday.” But outrage from the likes of England, America and other countries that, in short order, would be at war with the Reich was far too little and came too late to slow the anti-Semitic juggernaut. Two days after _Kristallnacht_, Germany’s Jews were fined roughly a billion _Reichsmark_ (about $400 million in 1938) for “property damaged in the rioting.” --- > “” ---  Foreign correspondents and Nazi officials mingle prior to a press conference at the Führerbau in Munich, the day after Kristallnacht, 1938. Hugo Jaeger—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images ---  Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler, Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess (at far right, before fireplace) and others at a press conference at the Führerbau in Munich, the day after Kristallnacht, 1938. Hugo Jaeger—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images  Foreign correspondents and Nazi officials mingle prior to a press conference at the Führerbau in Munich, the day after Kristallnacht, 1938. Hugo Jaeger—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images Kristallnacht: Photos From a 1938 Press Conference 'Justifying' Terror ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/39932/kristallnacht-photos-from-a-1938-goebbels-press-conference-justifying-terror/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/39932/kristallnacht-photos-from-a-1938-goebbels-press-conference-justifying-terror/"},"headline":"After Kristallnacht: An Infamous Press Conference 'Justifies' Terror, 1938","datePublished":"2013-10-13T09:00:42.000Z","dateModified":"2026-05-11T05:08:31.262Z","description":"The day after Kristallnacht, Joseph Goebbels held a press conference in Munich to justify the night's terror -- an event chronicled, in color, by Hitler's personal photographer, Hugo Jaeger.","url":"https://time.com/39932/kristallnacht-photos-from-a-1938-goebbels-press-conference-justifying-terror/","keywords":["History","Germany","Holocaust","Munich","color photography","Nazism","1938"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt32d4556e4bcf8e61/698687881eebf727ab3700ec/131101-hitler-goebbels-kristallnacht-press-conference-1938.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Ben Cosgrove","jobTitle":null,"url":"https://time.com/author/ben-cosgrove/"}],"articleSection":"","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt32d4556e4bcf8e61/698687881eebf727ab3700ec/131101-hitler-goebbels-kristallnacht-press-conference-1938.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"Kristallnacht Press Conference 1938","caption":"Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler, Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess (at right, before fireplace) and others at a press conference at the Führerbau in Munich, the day after Kristallnacht, 1938.","creditText":"Hugo Jaeger—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/39932/kristallnacht-photos-from-a-1938-goebbels-press-conference-justifying-terror/","name":"After Kristallnacht: An Infamous Press Conference 'Justifies' Terror, 1938"}}]}] ```