See 12 Inventors on the Cover of TIME

  • Printing Press, 1830: Issac Adams, (Unnumbered Patent) The style of bed and platen printing press in this patent model inspired Issac Adams’ design of the later Adams Power Press, which was praised by early 19th century printers for its production of quality book work.
    Courtesy Smithsonian National Museum of American History
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  • Telegraph, 1837: Samuel F. B. Morse, Prototype. Samuel F. B. Morse converted an artist’s canvas stretcher into a telegraph receiver that recorded a message as a wavy line on a strip of paper. His telegraph transmitter sent electric pulses representing letter and numbers that activated an electromagnet on the receiver.
    Courtesy Smithsonian National Museum of American History
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  • Violin, 1852: William S. Mount, (Patent No. 8981). William S. Mount proposed creating violins with concave or hollow backs. This patent model represented a design innovation that would minimize the strain on the violin soundboard and avoid interference with the “sonorous and vibrating qualities” of the instrument.
    Courtesy Smithsonian National Museum of American History
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  • Typewriter, 1868: C. Latham Sholes, Carlos Glidden & Samuel W. Soule (Patent No. 79265). This patent model was created by the three Milwaukee inventors who made progress towards a viable typewriting machine. Six years later, Remington & Sons produced the first commercially successful machine, bearing the names of Sholes and Glidden.
    Courtesy Smithsonian National Museum of American History
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  • Sewing Machine, 1873: Helen Blanchard, (Patent No. 141987). This patent model for an improvement in sewing machines introduced the buttonhole stitch. Blanchard received some 28 patents, many having to do with sewing. She is best remembered for another overstitch sewing invention, the “zigzag.”
    Courtesy Smithsonian National Museum of American History
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  • Camera Shutter, 1879: Eadweard Muybridge, (Patent No. 212865). This “Method and Apparatus for Photographing Objects in Motion” was adapted to photographic equipment. As demonstrated with this patent model, it could produce images of subjects in rapid motion. It was used by Eadweard Muybridge in his celebrated animal locomotion photography.
    Courtesy Smithsonian National Museum of American History
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  • Incandescent Lamp, 1881: Thomas Edison (Patent No. 239373). Thomas Edison submitted this model to patent a variation on his newly invented light bulb. Although he never put this design into production, this lamp could be disassembled to replace a burned-out filament.
    Courtesy Smithsonian National Museum of American History
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  • High-Strength Fiber, 1965: Stephanie Kwolek (Patent Nos. 3819587 and RE30352). Kwolek’s 1965 discovery at DuPont of strong polymer fibers resulted in DuPont Kevlar, best known for its use in bullet-resistant body armor
    Courtesy Hagley Museum and Library
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  • Apple I Computer, 1976: Steve Jobs (Patent No. 7166791) & Steve Wozniak (Patent No. 4136359). In 1976 the first form of computer designed by Stephen Wozniak and sold by Wozniak in conjunction with Steve Jobs was sold, and became a leader in personal computing. Originally marketed to hobbyists only primarily as a fully assembled circuit board; purchasers had to add their own case and monitor in order to create a working computer.
    Courtesy Smithsonian National Museum of American History
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  • Artificial Heart, 1977: Robert Jarvik, M.D., Prototype. This electrohydraulic artificial heart is a prototype for what became the Jarvik-7 Total Artificial Heart, which was first implanted into a human in December 1982 at the University of Utah Medical Center. The two sides of the device are connected with Velcro.
    Courtesy Smithsonian National Museum of American History
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By Lily Rothman

This week’s TIME cover story takes a look at the latest advancements and enchantments of virtual reality, as seen through (literally) the lens of the Oculus Rift and its inventor Palmer Luckey.

A quick survey of some of the other inventors who’ve been featured on TIME’s cover over the years reveals that Luckey is in good company—and that inventors can tell you something about the times in which they live. In the 1920s and ‘30s, the inventions featured were what we still think of as inventions (light bulbs and the like); in the mid 20th century many scientists seemed more focused on discoveries (like atomic power); more recently, computer technology provides the inspiration. But no matter the era, these men (and yes, they’re all men so far) changed our world.

Read this week’s cover story here: Why Virtual Reality Is About to Change the World

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Write to Lily Rothman at lily.rothman@time.com.

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