--- title: Psychology: How to Make Better Decisions By Thinking Differently description: Best decisions often focus on similarities instead of differences canonical: https://time.com/3940175/making-better-decisions/ author: Shane Parrish article:opinion: true article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2015-07-03T11:00:42.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-08-04T07:49:32.494Z article:section: Ideas og:title: How You Can Counter the Inside View and Make Better Decisions og:description: Best decisions often focus on similarities instead of differences og:url: https://time.com/3940175/making-better-decisions/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb6ea73b34779cd83/698858e60b72e37b3e6e4b5a/brain-side-view.jpg?branch=production&width=338&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 338 og:image:height: 190 og:image:alt: brain-background og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: How You Can Counter the Inside View and Make Better Decisions twitter:description: Best decisions often focus on similarities instead of differences twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb6ea73b34779cd83/698858e60b72e37b3e6e4b5a/brain-side-view.jpg?branch=production&width=338&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # How You Can Counter the Inside View and Make Better Decisions > Sponsored content. 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Brittany Capone is having a benign tumor removed from her brain and because it is so close to her speech center, surgeons will keep her awake and talk to her during the procedure_ by [Shane Parrish](https://time.com/author/shane-parrish/) ## Shane Parrish Jul 3, 2015 11:00 AM UTC  Floating brain on green background Floating brain on green background Getty Images by [Shane Parrish](https://time.com/author/shane-parrish/) ## Shane Parrish Jul 3, 2015 11:00 AM UTC In his book [_Think Twice: Harnessing the Power of Counterintuition_](http://a-fwd.com/es=farstrblo068-21&it=farstrblo0a-21&fr=farstrblo08-21&de=farstrblo07-21&uk=farstrblo-21&ca=farst-20&com=farnamstreet-20&asin-es=1422187381&asin-it=1422187381&asin-fr=1422187381&asin-de=1422187381&asin-uk=1422187381&asin-ca=1422187381&asin-com=1422187381), Michael Mauboussin discusses how we can “fall victim to simplified mental routines that prevent us from coping with the complex realities inherent in important judgment calls.” One of those routines is the inside view, which we’re going to talk about in this article but first let’s get a bit of context. --- > “” --- We don’t spend enough time thinking and [learning from the process](http://www.farnamstreetblog.com/2013/03/what-matters-more-in-decisions-analysis-or-process/). Generally we’re pretty ambivalent about the process by which we make decisions. --- > “” --- That reminds me of what Daniel Kahneman wrote in [Thinking, Fast and Slow](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0374533555/ref=as%5Fli%5Fqf%5Fsp%5Fasin%5Fil%5Ftl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0374533555&linkCode=as2&tag=farnamstreet-20&linkId=BQBHKJ3ADCN56FZX): --- > “” --- So we’re not really gathering information as much as trying to satisfice our existing intuition. The very thing a good decision process should help root out. \*\*\* **Ego Induced Blindness** One prevalent error we make is that we tend to favour the inside view over the outside view. --- > “” --- When the inside view is more positive than the outside view you effectively have a base rate argument. You’re saying (knowingly or, more likely, unknowingly) that [this time is different](http://www.farnamstreetblog.com/2014/01/this-time-is-different/). Our brains are all too happy to help us construct this argument. Mauboussin argues that we embrace the inside view for a few primary reasons. First, we’re optimistic by nature. Second, is the “illusion of optimism” (we see our future as brighter than that of others). Finally, is the illusion of control (we think that [chance events are subject to our control](http://www.farnamstreetblog.com/2015/02/fooled-by-randomness/)). One interesting point is that while we’re bad at looking at the outside view when it comes to ourselves, we’re better at it when it comes to other people. --- > “” --- So it’s mostly ego. I’m better than the people tackling this problem before me. We see the differences between situations and use those as rationalizations as to why things are different this time. Consider [this](http://www.farnamstreetblog.com/2014/01/this-time-is-different/): --- > “” --- \*\*\* **How to Incorporate the Outside View into your Decisions** In [Think Twice](http://a-fwd.com/es=farstrblo068-21&it=farstrblo0a-21&fr=farstrblo08-21&de=farstrblo07-21&uk=farstrblo-21&ca=farst-20&com=farnamstreet-20&asin-es=1422187381&asin-it=1422187381&asin-fr=1422187381&asin-de=1422187381&asin-uk=1422187381&asin-ca=1422187381&asin-com=1422187381), Mauboussin distills [the work of Kahneman and Tversky](http://people.hss.caltech.edu/~camerer/Ec101/JudgementUncertainty.pdf) into four steps and adds some commentary. **1\. Select a Reference Class** --- > “” --- **2\. Assess the distribution of outcomes.** --- > “” --- **3\. Make a prediction.** --- > “” --- **4\. Assess the reliability of your prediction and fine-tune.** --- > “” --- \*\*\* The main lesson we can take from this is that we tend to focus on what’s different whereas the best decisions often focus on just the opposite: what’s the same. While this situation seems a little different, it’s almost always the same. As Charlie Munger has said: “if you notice, the plots are very similar. The same plot comes back time after time.” Particulars may vary but, unless those particulars are the variables that govern the outcome of the situation, the pattern remains. If we’re going to focus on what’s different rather than what’s the same, you’d best be sure the variables you’re clinging to matter. **_This piece originally appeared on_** [**_Farnam Street_**](https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/2015/05/inside-view-michael-mauboussin/)**_._** **Join over 60,000 readers and get a free weekly update via email** [**here**](http://www.farnamstreetblog.com/newsletter/)**.** ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"OpinionNewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/3940175/making-better-decisions/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/3940175/making-better-decisions/"},"headline":"How You Can Counter the Inside View and Make Better Decisions","datePublished":"2015-07-03T11:00:42.000Z","dateModified":"2026-08-04T07:49:32.494Z","description":"Best decisions often focus on similarities instead of differences","url":"https://time.com/3940175/making-better-decisions/","keywords":["Psychology","Brain","decision-making"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb6ea73b34779cd83/698858e60b72e37b3e6e4b5a/brain-side-view.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Shane Parrish","jobTitle":"","url":"https://time.com/author/shane-parrish/"}],"articleSection":"Ideas","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb6ea73b34779cd83/698858e60b72e37b3e6e4b5a/brain-side-view.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"brain-background","caption":"brain-background","creditText":"Getty Images","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/ideas/","name":"Ideas"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/psychology/","name":"Psychology"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/3940175/making-better-decisions/","name":"How You Can Counter the Inside View and Make Better Decisions"}}]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"VideoObject","name":"Inside The Operating Room During Awake Surgery","description":"Brittany Capone is having a benign tumor removed from her brain and because it is so close to her speech center, surgeons will keep her awake and talk to her during the procedure","thumbnailUrl":"https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/lyJruvm0/poster.jpg?width=720","uploadDate":"2015-03-02T20:52:14.000Z","contentUrl":"https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/lyJruvm0.m3u8","embedUrl":"https://time.com/3940175/making-better-decisions/","duration":"PT4M57S","potentialAction":{"@type":"SeekToAction","target":"https://time.com/3940175/making-better-decisions/?jw_start={seek_to_second_number}","startOffset-input":"required name=seek_to_second_number"}}] ```