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title: Volkswagen: Photos From the Wolfsburg Factory, 1951
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twitter:description: On the anniversary of the founding of Volkswagen, LIFE.com offers a series of photos made at the company&#x27;s famous Wolfsburg plant in 1951.
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![](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt6c75387a4f908d67/69884a1906f2c1524c33981e/01_111698040.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9)


# Inside Volkswagen: How to Mass-Produce an Automotive Icon

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by 

[Ben Cosgrove](https://time.com/author/ben-cosgrove/)


## Ben Cosgrove


May 28, 2013 2:00 AM UTC

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt6c75387a4f908d67/69884a1906f2c1524c33981e/01_111698040.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3:2)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

by 

[Ben Cosgrove](https://time.com/author/ben-cosgrove/)


## Ben Cosgrove


May 28, 2013 2:00 AM UTC

Most people who have ever owned a Volkswagen Beetle or, say, an early, split-windshield VW bus or even a Karmann Ghia will swear that those uncomfortable, relatively bare-bones vehicles were among the favorite cars they’ve ever driven. They’re not for everyone, of course — but for a certain breed of driver, the old-school VWs offered a rare combination of economy, ease of maintenance (this writer, stranded far from any garage, once repaired a busted accelerator cable on a ’67 bug with 12-pound-test fishing line) and, most importantly, _personality_ that so many other mass-produced automobiles lacked.

The story of Volkswagen, meanwhile, is among the most fascinating and, in some regards, most troubling of any car manufacturer in existence. One well-documented example of VW’s paradoxical history: in its early days, during World War II, Volkswagen used slave labor (the company has admitted as much) to build vehicles for the Nazi war effort; decades later, the archetypal Volkswagens, the Beetle and the T1 bus, would become _the_ four-wheeled symbols of the “peace and love” movement of the 1960s. From Hitler to hippies: not many other companies, automobile or otherwise, can lay claim to that sort of stranger-than-fiction corporate narrative.

Here, on the anniversary of the founding of Volkswagen on May 28, 1937, LIFE.com offers a series of photos made by Walter Sanders at the company’s famous Wolfsburg plant in 1951\. A refugee from Hitler’s Germany himself, who fled his native country the same year VW began making cars, Sanders captures in these pictures of the factory and the factory workers a nation in the process of recreating itself. Here, in black and white, is a portrait of the labor and mechanization that would again make Germany (well, _West_ Germany, anyway) one of the world’s most powerful economies before the end of the century.


[**\[MORE: See all of TIME.com’s coverage of Germany.\]**](http://topics.time.com/germany/)

_Liz Ronk, who edited this gallery, is the Photo Editor for LIFE.com. Follow her on Twitter_ [_@lizabethronk_](https://twitter.com/LizabethRonk)_._

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt6c75387a4f908d67/69884a1906f2c1524c33981e/01_111698040.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta85b78054a22b8f2/698686fe55a8598ad5a7fe35/02_112233968.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt56355f8b70509638/698686fe35ba6fac63c01275/03_111697975.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images


![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blte08fc4707339f6d5/69884a19f887dc2efde8fc78/04_111698101.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta3e30790af92cf89/69884a193c16396d98457391/05_112233909.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt63efd85453274041/69884a1a8e0601ec9345fd5d/06_111698098.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images


![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltde20cb934ea70c4f/69884a1acd1bba089c6fab36/07_112233937.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt830b3a20b38f913e/69884a1af887dc2832e8fc7c/08_111698037.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt69b095c441aa20b7/69884a1bcd1bba63a46fab3e/09_112233915.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images


![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt415b18258462b05f/69884a1b35ba6f736bc0ca3b/10_112233936.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltf8487bcdf6abb447/69884a1be53aba398d4dd0b3/11_111697934.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt4482afcc96a4edf8/69884a1ce53aba3c564dd0b8/12_111698023.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images


![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt029ceeb475ca8d2a/69884a1c55a85958bda8b5b6/13_112233954.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9d3244700bbdde46/69884a1c06f2c1d345339823/14_00744773.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt85d9188ed4a1bcff/69884a1de53aba51ef4dd0bc/15_112233951.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images


![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltab06a063517179e6/69884a1d35ba6f1b47c0ca3f/16_111697982.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt0bd9b4998878a2d9/69884a1d8e0601139145fd61/17_111698006.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt804894376edee639/69884a1ef887dc0854e8fc85/18_111697961.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images


![Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta53e1a8c0e8d574e/69884a1e55a859a73da8b5ba/19_111697926.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Scene at Volkswagen's main plant, Wolfsburg, Germany, July 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![Wolfsburg, Germany, 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt928e508f6a64a485/69884a1e06f2c1a881339829/20_111697987.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Inspecting a VW engine, 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![People gathered around a VW bus, 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt965220809e94ec46/69884a1fcd68487cb609f45c/21_111698080.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

People gathered around a VW bus, 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images


![People gaze at photographer Walter Sanders through the open roll-top of a VW bus, 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltec14e601c19cf740/69868705f983e7e1a704ce89/22_1199194.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

People gaze at photographer Walter Sanders through the open roll-top of a VW bus, 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

![A young woman and man enjoy themselves beside a VW cabriolet, 1951.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt8849e098ea218465/69884a1f35ba6febf0c0ca43/23_111697990.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

A young woman and man enjoy themselves beside a VW cabriolet, 1951. Walter Sanders—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

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