--- title: The Part of Your Brain That Senses Dread Has Been Discovered description: This tiny part of your brain tracks bad experiences canonical: https://time.com/3048559/brain-senses-dread/ author: Abby Abrams article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2014-07-29T19:50:57.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-02-21T09:22:49.752Z article:section: Health og:title: The Part of Your Brain That Senses Dread Has Been Discovered og:description: This tiny part of your brain tracks bad experiences og:url: https://time.com/3048559/brain-senses-dread/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltde093bcdab65f2d0/6988d9b9bc6cfc69913e2a3c/time-logo.jpg?branch=production og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 675 og:image:alt: TIME og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: The Part of Your Brain That Senses Dread Has Been Discovered twitter:description: This tiny part of your brain tracks bad experiences twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltde093bcdab65f2d0/6988d9b9bc6cfc69913e2a3c/time-logo.jpg?branch=production --- # The Part of Your Brain That Senses Dread Has Been Discovered > Sponsored content. 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Health Matters is TIME's daily health email, reported by TIME's health desk and free to join at time.com/newsletters. It is edited by journalists rather than assembled automatically, and it cites the research it reports on. #### Is Health Matters free? Yes. Health Matters is a free daily newsletter from TIME, available at time.com/newsletters. #### Who reads TIME's Health Matters newsletter? Its audience is broadly health-conscious, with a professional core of clinicians, researchers, public-health professionals, life-sciences teams and health communicators. by [Abby Abrams](https://time.com/author/abby-abrams/) ## Abby Abrams Jul 29, 2014 7:50 PM UTC by [Abby Abrams](https://time.com/author/abby-abrams/) ## Abby Abrams Jul 29, 2014 7:50 PM UTC A tiny part of the brain can keep track of your expectations about negative experiences—and predict when you will react to an event—researchers at University College London say. The brain structure, known as the habenula, activates in response to negative events such as electric shocks, and they may help people learn from bad experiences. The findings, published in [_Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences_](http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/07/23/1323586111), marks the first time this association has been proven in humans. Earlier studies showed that the habenula causes animals to avoid negative stimuli by suppressing dopamine, a brain chemical that drives motivation. In this study, investigators showed 23 people random sequences of pictures followed by a set of good or bad outcomes (an electric shock, losing money, winning money, or neutral). The volunteers were asked to occasionally press a button to show they were paying attention, and researchers scanned their brains for habenula activity using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Images were taken at high resolution because the habenula is so small—half the size of a pea. When people saw pictures associated with painful electric shocks, the habenula activated, while it did not for pictures that predicted winning money. “Fascinatingly, people were slower to press the button when the picture was associated with getting shocked, even though their response had no bearing on the outcome,” lead author Rebecca Lawson from the University College London Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, said in [a statement](http://www.eurekalert.org/pub%5Freleases/2014-07/ucl-tbo072514.php). “Furthermore, the slower people responded, the more reliably their habenula tracked associations with shocks. This demonstrates a crucial link between the habenula and motivated behavior, which may be the result of dopamine suppression.” The study also showed that the habenula responds more the worse an experience is predicted to be. For example, researchers said the habenula responds much more strongly when an electric shock is certain than when it is unlikely to happen. This means that your brain can tell how bad an event will be before it occurs. The habenula has been linked to depression, and this study shows how it could play a part in symptoms such low motivation, focusing on negative experiences and pessimism in general. Researchers said that understanding the habenula could potentially help them develop new ways of treating depression. ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/3048559/brain-senses-dread/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/3048559/brain-senses-dread/"},"headline":"The Part of Your Brain That Senses Dread Has Been Discovered","datePublished":"2014-07-29T19:50:57.000Z","dateModified":"2026-02-21T09:22:49.752Z","description":"This tiny part of your brain tracks bad experiences","url":"https://time.com/3048559/brain-senses-dread/","keywords":["Mental Health/Psychology","Depression","Mental Health","Brain"],"thumbnailUrl":"","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Abby Abrams","jobTitle":null,"url":"https://time.com/author/abby-abrams/"}],"articleSection":"Health","image":[],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/health/","name":"Health"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/mental-healthpsychology/","name":"Mental Health/Psychology"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/3048559/brain-senses-dread/","name":"The Part of Your Brain That Senses Dread Has Been Discovered"}}]}] ```