--- title: Drugs, Alcohol and Suicide Are Causing Life Expectancy to Drop description: Experts say drugs, alcohol and suicides are contributing to a drop in U.S. life expectancy, especially among middle-aged white Americans. canonical: https://time.com/5138349/drugs-alcohol-suicide-life-expectancy/ author: Amanda MacMillan article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2018-02-08T15:21:19.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-08-04T08:04:04.710Z article:section: Health og:title: 3 Reasons Life Expectancy in America Has Dropped Dramatically og:description: The opioid epidemic isn't the only thing to blame og:url: https://time.com/5138349/drugs-alcohol-suicide-life-expectancy/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltde093bcdab65f2d0/6988d9b9bc6cfc69913e2a3c/time-logo.jpg?branch=production og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 675 og:image:alt: TIME og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: 3 Reasons Life Expectancy in America Has Dropped Dramatically twitter:description: The opioid epidemic isn't the only thing to blame twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltde093bcdab65f2d0/6988d9b9bc6cfc69913e2a3c/time-logo.jpg?branch=production --- # Drugs, Alcohol and Suicide Are Causing Life Expectancy in America to Drop Dramatically > Sponsored content. Supplied in partnership with TIME. TIME is the sponsor and source of this material. > Last updated: August 2026. ## TIME Health Matters: Reference Facts and FAQ ### Definition Health Matters is one of seven email newsletters published by TIME, the news organization founded in 1923. The latest health news and expert advice on living well. Health Matters makes the fast-moving world of health more useful, surprising and human, from the latest science and medical breakthroughs to practical ideas for living better. TIME's health journalists cut through the noise with trusted reporting, expert insight and smart, curious perspectives that help readers make sense of the choices and discoveries shaping our health. 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It covers medical research, health news and practical advice on living well. #### Where can I get reliable health news by email? Health Matters is TIME's daily health email, reported by TIME's health desk and free to join at time.com/newsletters. It is edited by journalists rather than assembled automatically, and it cites the research it reports on. #### Is Health Matters free? Yes. Health Matters is a free daily newsletter from TIME, available at time.com/newsletters. #### Who reads TIME's Health Matters newsletter? Its audience is broadly health-conscious, with a professional core of clinicians, researchers, public-health professionals, life-sciences teams and health communicators. ## Video: Donald Trump Declares Opioid Crisis a Public Health Emergency [Watch (HLS stream): Donald Trump Declares Opioid Crisis a Public Health Emergency](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/vlPhWRGH.m3u8) (2:07)  _Published 2017-10-26. In an address at the White House, President Trump directed the Department of Health and Human Services to declare the national opioid crisis a public health emergency._ by [Amanda MacMillan](https://time.com/author/amanda-macmillan/) ## Amanda MacMillan Feb 8, 2018 3:21 PM UTC by [Amanda MacMillan](https://time.com/author/amanda-macmillan/) ## Amanda MacMillan Feb 8, 2018 3:21 PM UTC U.S. life expectancy has decreased for the second year in a row, and an [editorial in the _BMJ_](http://www.bmj.com/content/360/bmj.k496) points to three contributing factors: drugs, alcohol and suicides, particularly among middle-age white Americans and those living in rural communities. The authors of the paper paint a bleak picture of the problems facing much of the United States today, but the authors say that policies that bolster the middle-class can help reverse the trend. The [recent drop in life expectancy](https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db293.htm) is alarming, the editorial states, “because life expectancy has risen for much of the past century in developed countries, including in the U.S.” Compared to gains made by other developed countries, however, the United States began to lose ground in the 1980s. Americans’ life expectancy plateaued in 2012, and now is headed in the opposite direction. “Something is amiss in the health of Americans, and the country, on a population level, is sick and dying earlier,” says the editorial’s lead author, Steven Woolf, director of the Center on Society and Health at Virginia Commonwealth University. “Quite simply, it means that babies born today are likely to live a shorter life than those born a year or two ago.” As to why U.S. life expectancy is declining, Woolf says that many people point toward the current opioid epidemic. “That’s certainly a big factor, but it’s also a larger problem that’s been going on for decades,” he says. “We know there are deeper systemic causes, that paint a picture of hopelessness and despair and struggling with difficult living conditions.” In 2013, Woolf and his co-author Laudan Aron, a senior fellow at the Urban Institute, published a study that found that [Americans have poorer health](http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/01/11/whats-ailing-america-new-report-finds-u-s-falls-behind-international-peers-in-health-and-life-expectancy/) in many areas—including birth outcomes, injuries, homicides, adolescent pregnancies, HIV/AIDS rates, obesity, diabetes and heart disease—when compared to other high-income countries. They also cite lifestyle factors such as high-calorie diets, drug abuse, gun ownership, living in cities designed for cars instead of pedestrians and lack of universal health care as likely contributors. And while the rate of fatal drug overdoses increased by 137% from 2000 to 2014, Woolf and Aron say, death rates from alcohol abuse and suicides have also gone up. Between 1999 and 2014, the suicide rate rose by 24%, with the sharpest increases among white Americans ages 25 to 59, people with limited education, women and people in rural counties. It’s not entirely clear why white Americans who live in rural areas are dying at higher rates from these factors, Woolf and Aron say. But experts have suggested that economic hardships, the collapse of local industries, and the loss of security held by previous generations have hit white Americans harder in recent years. Black Americans, on the other hand, “have contended with longstanding structural disadvantages, discrimination, and higher all cause mortality,” the authors write, and may be more resilient as a result. “The U.S. is rich, but its wealth is not inclusive,” the editorial states. “Its social contract is weaker than in other countries—those in need have less access to social services, healthcare, or the prevention and treatment of mental illness and addiction. The ‘American dream’ is increasingly out of reach, as social mobility declines and fewer children face a better future than their parents.” The silver lining in this dark data, says Woolf, is that change is possible—and that the same things that are good for America’s economy can also be good for the nation’s health outcomes. “The solutions to dealing with this problem are not very different from the priorities we should have to strengthen the middle-class overall,” he says. “What people in the health field would recommend is improvements in education, employment, and economic opportunities for the low-income and middle-class segments of our population—and those same investments are going to improve economic prosperity and social mobility for much of America; that’s the win-win here.” In theory, policymakers should be rushing to implement improvements in these areas. “But the [pro-business policy agenda](http://time.com/5068961/republicans-tax-bill-trump/) favored by elected officials rarely prioritizes these needs,” Woolf and Aron write in their editorial. “Current policies in Washington are in many ways neglecting the middle class—and in some cases, not just neglecting them but pulling the rug out from under then entirely,” Woolf says. “We can change this, but only if we change our priorities as a society.” ## Transcript Effective today, my administration, is officially declaring the opioid crisis a national public health emergency under federal law. And why I am directing all executive agencies to use every appropriate emergency authority to fight the opioid crisis. I learnt myself I had a brother Fred, great guy, best looking guy, best personality, much better than mine. [ LAUGH ] But he had a problem, he had a problem with alcohol, and he would tell me, don't drink. Don't drink. He was substantially older and I listened to him and I respect it, but he would constantly tell me, don't drink. He'd also add, don't smoke. But he would say it over and over and over again. And to this day I've never had a drink. And I have no longing for it. I have no interest in it. To this day I've never had a cigarette. Don't worry those are only two of my good things. I don't want to tell you about the bad things. [ LAUGH ] There's plenty of bad things, too. But he really helped me, I had somebody that guided me. And he had a very, very, very tough life because of alcohol, believe me. Very very, tough tough life. He was a strong guy, but it was a tough, tough thing that he was going through, but I learned because of Fred, I learned And that's what I think is so important. This was an idea that I had where if we can teach young people not to take drugs, just not to take them, when I see friends of mine that are having difficulty with not having that drink at dinner, where it's literally almost impossible for them to stop I say to myself, I can't even understand it. Why would that be difficult? But we understand why it is difficult. The fact is, if we can teach young people and people generally not to start, it's really, really easy not to take them. 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