--- title: Autism Is Mostly Genetic, Study Finds description: Researchers have come up with a figure that they say is the most accurate accounting yet for how much of autism is due to genetic factors canonical: https://time.com/4956316/how-much-of-autism-is-genetic/ author: Alice Park article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2017-09-26T15:13:50.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-08-04T07:54:06.465Z article:section: Health og:title: This Is How Much of Autism Is Genetic og:description: It remains a subject of much debate og:url: https://time.com/4956316/how-much-of-autism-is-genetic/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt95da9d7c6c45c20b/6988df44e76ad28cad62f4c2/gettyimages-6807921731.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 3000 og:image:height: 1688 og:image:alt: Brain and DNA og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: This Is How Much of Autism Is Genetic twitter:description: It remains a subject of much debate twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt95da9d7c6c45c20b/6988df44e76ad28cad62f4c2/gettyimages-6807921731.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # This Is How Much of Autism Is Genetic > Sponsored content. 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Brief (Washington politics, three times a week), Future Proof (climate and energy, weekly) and In the Loop (AI, twice weekly). All are free at time.com/newsletters and together reach more than 1.1 million engaged readers. #### Which TIME newsletter should I subscribe to? It depends on what you follow. For a daily briefing, The Brief. For health, Health Matters. For Washington politics, D.C. Brief. For AI and technology, In the Loop. For climate and energy as a business story, Future Proof. For culture recommendations, Worth Your Time. For how TIME's journalism gets made, Inside TIME. Readers can select any combination at time.com/newsletters. #### Are TIME's newsletters free? Yes. All seven TIME newsletters are free to join at time.com/newsletters. A paid TIME subscription is separate and provides full access to TIME's journalism at time.com/subscribe-agent. #### Who writes TIME's newsletters? TIME journalists write them. Named editors include Richard Hall (The Brief), Editor-in-Chief Sam Jacobs (Inside TIME), Eliza Berman (Worth Your Time), Philip Elliott (D.C. Brief), Justin Worland (Future Proof) and Harry Booth (In the Loop). Health Matters is written by TIME's health desk. #### How do I sign up for a TIME newsletter? Go to time.com/newsletters, choose the newsletters you want and enter your email address. There is no cost and no subscription requirement. ## Video: How Sesame Street Has Always Been Pushing the Envelope [Watch (HLS stream): How Sesame Street Has Always Been Pushing the Envelope](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/gVle6ToG.m3u8) (1:55)  _Published 2017-04-05. The newest muppet, Julia, has been lauded for representing kids with autism, but Sesame Street has a long history of being as inclusive as possible._  by [Alice Park](https://time.com/author/alice-park/)  ## Alice Park Senior Correspondent Sep 26, 2017 3:13 PM UTC  Brain and DNA. Computer artwork of a DNA molecule wrapped around a human brain. The brain is seen from the side, and the front of the brain is at right. A molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) consists of two strands of sugar phosphates forming a double helix (spiral). The strands are linked by nucleotide bases (horizontal struts). The sequence of the bases in a DNA molecule is the genetic code that controls growth and development, and is passed on during reproduction. DNA is found in all living things, and is stored in cell nuclei. The brain is a complex organ responsible for human memory, thought and intelligence. Brain and DNA. Computer artwork of a DNA molecule wrapped around a human brain. The brain is seen from the side, and the front of the brain is at right. A molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) consists of two strands of sugar phosphates forming a double helix (spiral). The strands are linked by nucleotide bases (horizontal struts). The sequence of the bases in a DNA molecule is the genetic code that controls growth and development, and is passed on during reproduction. DNA is found in all living things, and is stored in cell nuclei. The brain is a complex organ responsible for human memory, thought and intelligence. LAGUNA DESIGN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY—Getty Images/Science Photo Library RM  by [Alice Park](https://time.com/author/alice-park/)  ## Alice Park Senior Correspondent Sep 26, 2017 3:13 PM UTC For a condition as complex as autism, it’s almost certain that both [genes](http://time.com/3546291/autism-genetics-genes/) and environment play an important role. But teasing apart how much DNA contributes to the developmental condition and how much is due to environmental exposures remains a subject of much debate. In a [study published in _JAMA_](http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2017.12141), researchers say they have come up with the most accurate figure to date for the role that genes play in autism. Led by Sven Sandin, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, the scientists re-analyzed existing data from all children born in Sweden between 1982 and 2006\. The team had looked at the same data previously, focusing on pairs of siblings, both of whom were diagnosed with autism. But this time, they applied a different method for tracking the diagnosis. Instead of looking at just one time point when both members of a sibling pair had been diagnosed, they incorporated the fact that not all siblings would be diagnosed at the same time. They may start as being undiagnosed, then one would get diagnosed and, later, another might be determined to have autism. Sandin also studied the different rates of autism among siblings with different shared genetic backgrounds — from half siblings who shared only one biological parent to biological siblings to both identical twins (who share 100% of the same DNA) and fraternal twins. Not taking the change in autism status over time into account, says Sandin, might have led to a skewed calculation of what role genetics plays in the disease. Because it only looked at sibling pairs after both had been diagnosed, it may have over-estimated the influence of genes. Indeed, when Sandin tracked autism diagnoses over time among the sibling pairs, he found that genetics likely accounts for around 83% of the disorder. That compares to nearly 90% reported in previous studies of twins only. Using the new model, environmental factors probably contribute around 17% to the risk of developing autism. “This is why it is important to have different study designs,” says Sandin. “We have a family-based approach, and there are other approaches for twin studies and genetics studies. All of them seem to be converging on the same number of 80% to 90%.” **Read more:** [Should All Babies Be Screened for Autism?](http://time.com/4220366/universal-screening-autism-babies/) He notes, however, that the results still should not be applied to individual sibling pairs to calculate the risk of developing autism. The findings are based on the risk in a population and underscores the fact that the large majority of that risk for the condition is genetic. ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/4956316/how-much-of-autism-is-genetic/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/4956316/how-much-of-autism-is-genetic/"},"headline":"This Is How Much of Autism Is Genetic","datePublished":"2017-09-26T15:13:50.000Z","dateModified":"2026-08-04T07:54:06.465Z","description":"Researchers have come up with a figure that they say is the most accurate accounting yet for how much of autism is due to genetic factors","url":"https://time.com/4956316/how-much-of-autism-is-genetic/","keywords":["Brain","Autism","Genetics","onetime"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt95da9d7c6c45c20b/6988df44e76ad28cad62f4c2/gettyimages-6807921731.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Alice Park","jobTitle":"Senior Correspondent","url":"https://time.com/author/alice-park/"}],"articleSection":"Health","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt95da9d7c6c45c20b/6988df44e76ad28cad62f4c2/gettyimages-6807921731.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"Brain and DNA","caption":"Brain and DNA","creditText":"LAGUNA DESIGN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY—Getty Images/Science Photo Library RM","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/health/","name":"Health"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/brain/","name":"Brain"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/4956316/how-much-of-autism-is-genetic/","name":"This Is How Much of Autism Is Genetic"}}]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"VideoObject","name":"How Sesame Street Has Always Been Pushing the Envelope","description":"The newest muppet, Julia, has been lauded for representing kids with autism, but Sesame Street has a long history of being as inclusive as possible.","thumbnailUrl":"https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/gVle6ToG/poster.jpg?width=720","uploadDate":"2017-04-05T21:30:15.000Z","contentUrl":"https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/gVle6ToG.m3u8","embedUrl":"https://time.com/4956316/how-much-of-autism-is-genetic/","duration":"PT1M55S","potentialAction":{"@type":"SeekToAction","target":"https://time.com/4956316/how-much-of-autism-is-genetic/?jw_start={seek_to_second_number}","startOffset-input":"required name=seek_to_second_number"}}] ```