--- title: Voting in Washington DC: How They Got the Vote for President description: It happened only 55 years ago, when the 23rd Amendment was ratified canonical: https://time.com/4267840/23rd-amendment/ author: Lily Rothman article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2016-03-29T12:00:17.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-02-22T16:06:57.994Z article:section: History og:title: Voting in Washington DC: How They Got the Vote for President og:description: It happened only 55 years ago, when the 23rd Amendment was ratified og:url: https://time.com/4267840/23rd-amendment/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt3f7f40feb6ce5ba4/69888bff2dce011df39e84cc/washington.jpeg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 675 og:image:alt: The US Capital and the Washington, DC, s og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: Voting in Washington DC: How They Got the Vote for President twitter:description: It happened only 55 years ago, when the 23rd Amendment was ratified twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt3f7f40feb6ce5ba4/69888bff2dce011df39e84cc/washington.jpeg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # How Washington D.C. 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They are at time.com/newsletters and are separate from a paid subscription.  by [Lily Rothman](https://time.com/author/lily-rothman/)  ## Lily Rothman Rothman is managing editor at TIME. Mar 29, 2016 12:00 PM UTC  The Washington, DC, skyline seen in 2005 The Washington, DC, skyline seen in 2005 Paul J. Richards—AFP/Getty Images  by [Lily Rothman](https://time.com/author/lily-rothman/)  ## Lily Rothman Rothman is managing editor at TIME. Mar 29, 2016 12:00 PM UTC Washington, D.C., has served as the seat of U.S. government for nearly as long as the nation has existed—but the District only got the right to participate in Presidential elections 55 years ago, when the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution was [ratified](http://time.com/vault/issue/1961-03-31/page/14/) on Mar. 29, 1961. The 23rd Amendment [declared](https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxxiii) that the District of Columbia would receive as many electoral-college votes for President and Vice President as “the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a state, but in no event more than the least populous state.” In practice, this means that D.C. gets [three](https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/allocation.html) electors. The amendment had been passed by Congress in the summer of 1960\. To many, the amendment seemed like a no-brainer — and in fact it was the [second most quickly](https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/document.php?id=cqal61-1373600) ratified amendment in constitutional history. (The fastest was the [12th Amendment](http://time.com/4263470/donald-trump-republicans-third-party/).) Still, it was no sure thing. Far from being crafted in a vacuum, the 23rd Amendment was presented to the nation amid the turmoil of the early-1960s civil rights movement, after it had become clear that segregation would no longer stand—_Brown v. Board of Education_ had been decided in 1954—but before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped make equality truly the letter of the law. And, crucially, the [population](https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.pdf) of the Washington was majority African-American. That meant that adding electors from D.C. would likely mean a slight push of the national needle toward civil rights—something that not everyone was happy about. So, even though the amendment had bipartisan support on a national level, its ratification votes divided along geographic lines. No states in the Deep South went so far as to ratify it, and Arkansas outright rejected the proposal. As the New York _Times_ has [pointed out](http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/29/opinion/29masur.html), the bipartisan support for D.C.’s participation in presidential elections indicated that, at the time, “racial politics were far more important than partisanship in influencing ratification.” A 1978 constitutional amendment that would have given the District a vote in Congress was never ratified. **_Read the full story, here in the TIME Vault:_** [The 23rd Amendment](http://time.com/vault/issue/1961-03-31/page/14/) ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/4267840/23rd-amendment/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/4267840/23rd-amendment/"},"headline":"How Washington D.C. 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