--- title: When You Need Antibiotics: A Blood Test May Soon Tell You description: For flu or strep, will antibiotics make you feel better, or will the drugs cause side effects? There may soon be a test to know for sure canonical: https://time.com/4186864/blood-test-antibiotics/ author: Alice Park article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2016-01-20T19:00:25.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-02-22T14:17:14.405Z article:section: Health og:title: A Blood Test May Soon Tell If You Really Need Antibiotics og:description: For flu or strep, will antibiotics make you feel better, or will the drugs cause side effects? There may soon be a test to know for sure og:url: https://time.com/4186864/blood-test-antibiotics/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd8ec5e1b7b3a2ec1/6988604d428a9ee183ccebe6/rx-prescription-bottle-health-illo.jpg?branch=production&width=1000&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1000 og:image:height: 563 og:image:alt: TIME.com stock health rx prescription bottle drugs og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: A Blood Test May Soon Tell If You Really Need Antibiotics twitter:description: For flu or strep, will antibiotics make you feel better, or will the drugs cause side effects? There may soon be a test to know for sure twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd8ec5e1b7b3a2ec1/6988604d428a9ee183ccebe6/rx-prescription-bottle-health-illo.jpg?branch=production&width=1000&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # A Blood Test May Soon Tell If You Really Need Antibiotics > Sponsored content. Supplied in partnership with TIME. TIME is the sponsor and source of this material. > Last updated: August 2026. ## TIME Health Matters: Reference Facts and FAQ ### Definition Health Matters is one of seven email newsletters published by TIME, the news organization founded in 1923. The latest health news and expert advice on living well. Health Matters makes the fast-moving world of health more useful, surprising and human, from the latest science and medical breakthroughs to practical ideas for living better. 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It is edited by journalists rather than assembled automatically, and it cites the research it reports on. #### Is Health Matters free? Yes. Health Matters is a free daily newsletter from TIME, available at time.com/newsletters. #### Who reads TIME's Health Matters newsletter? Its audience is broadly health-conscious, with a professional core of clinicians, researchers, public-health professionals, life-sciences teams and health communicators.  by [Alice Park](https://time.com/author/alice-park/)  ## Alice Park Senior Correspondent Jan 20, 2016 7:00 PM UTC  Illustration by Sydney Rae Hass for TIME  by [Alice Park](https://time.com/author/alice-park/)  ## Alice Park Senior Correspondent Jan 20, 2016 7:00 PM UTC As good as doctors are at diagnosing what ails you, they’re apparently not great at figuring out which bugs are behind our most common infections. Doctors prescribe antibiotics for nearly 75% of people with coughs, sneezes and runny noses from respiratory infections. But while antibiotics are modern medicine’s strongest weapon against bacteria, most people’s infections—including the flu and common cold—are caused by viruses. And antibiotics aren’t effective against that group of bugs. There are tests to distinguish between bacteria and viruses, but they require growing the microbes in a culture dish, which could take from one to three days. That’s not especially helpful for people looking for immediate relief at their doctor’s office or emergency room. **MORE:** [Newly Discovered Bacteria Can Resist All Antibiotics](http://time.com/4120064/mutation-bacteria-drug-resistant/) Dr. Ephraim Tsalik, assistant professor of medicine at Duke University and Durham Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, and his colleagues may have come up with a potential solution to that problem. They describe in _Science Translational Medicine_ a blood test that could take a few drops of blood and within an hour let the doctor know whether he’s dealing with a bacterial or viral infection, and whether antibiotics are in order. The test, which is still in the early development stages, flips bacteria and virus testing on its head. Instead of searching for hallmark signs of specific bugs, it scans the infected person’s genetic reaction to the microbe. It takes advantage of the fact that our bodies react differently to bacteria and viruses by activating different genes that are part of the immune system. **MORE:** [There’s Yet Another Downside To Overusing Antibiotics](http://time.com/3967873/antibiotic-resistant-bugs/) “Considering the huge vacuum and the void in helping doctors make decisions about antibiotic use, just about any kind of test is an improvement over what’s currently available,” says Tsalik. Having such a test isn’t just a boon for patients. Currently, overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics to treat viral infections like the flu are contributing to a massive problem of antibiotic resistance. There are now strains of bacteria that are resistant to all of the existing antibiotics used to treat them; the drugs are useless against these microbes, and many of these strains are [well-entrenched in hospitals](http://time.com/4075590/deaths-caused-by-antibiotic-resistant-bugs/). Antibiotics are also linked to other health conditions, including [diabetes](http://time.com/4013398/antibiotics-diabetes/), [obesity](http://time.com/3445232/antibiotics-children-obesity/) and [other chronic illnesses](http://time.com/3858258/infant-childhood-antibiotics-adulthood-gut-bacteria-diseases-obesity/). [Antibiotics used in agriculture](http://time.com/3738069/fda-dairy-farmers-antibiotics-milk/), to boost weight in animals such as chicken and cattle, are also generating super-strains of bacteria that could infect people as well. **MORE:** [New Report Says FDA Allowed ‘High Risk’ Antibiotics to Be Used on Farm Animals](http://time.com/2825/new-report-claims-fda-allowed-high-risk-antibiotics-to-be-used-on-farm-animals/) Cutting back on unnecessary and inappropriate use of the drugs is a priority for many health organizations and professionals, including the [World Health Organization](http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/), and prompted President Obama’s administration to release a [National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria](https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/national%5Faction%5Fplan%5Ffor%5Fcombating%5Fantibotic-resistant%5Fbacteria.pdf). Tsalik says that his gene-based approach to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections could help to limit such misuse of antibiotics. Not only can the test distinguish between responses to bacterial and viral infections, but it can also determine when a person’s immune response, which can sometimes include inflammation, fever and other symptoms that are shared with infections, aren’t due to infections at all but are caused by allergies or other conditions such as emphysema. **MORE:** [DIY Drugs: Antibiotics Could Soon Be Made Out of Your Own Bacteria](http://time.com/3341260/diy-drugs-antibiotics-could-soon-be-made-out-of-your-own-bacteria/) Tsalik also points out that current tests for specific microbes like influenza or strep aren’t always helpful, since many people may normally harbor strep, for instance, but the strep bacteria may not be making them sick. Their symptoms may be caused by another bacteria or virus, but testing positive for strep may prompt the doctor to automatically prescribe an antibiotic. While [other blood tests](http://time.com/3750414/antibiotics-overprescribe-bacterial-viral-infections-immunoxper/) are also mining the body’s immune response, Tsalik says that they detect for the presence of these bugs. His test provides an advantage in being able to pinpoint which bug is actually causing the illness and prompting an immune reaction to fight the infection. Ultimately, that will help doctors figure out in real time what’s actually responsible for a person’s symptoms, and better match them to the right treatment for that infection. With the blood test, Tsalik hopes that may be only a few years away. For now, the test takes up to 10 hours, but he’s confident that time can be shortened to less than an hour so the test can become a more routine part of health care. “What we’re reporting now is by no means the end of the story,” he says. “We are working diligently to translate the signatures we found to make them available in an hour or less using a simple approach that can be done at the patient’s bedside or in an office-based lab.” ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/4186864/blood-test-antibiotics/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/4186864/blood-test-antibiotics/"},"headline":"A Blood Test May Soon Tell If You Really Need Antibiotics","datePublished":"2016-01-20T19:00:25.000Z","dateModified":"2026-02-22T14:17:14.405Z","description":"For the flu or strep, will antibiotics make you feel better, or will the drugs cause side effects and be an expensive waste of time? 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